Showing papers in "Canadian Geotechnical Journal in 2000"
TL;DR: In this paper, the results of a statistical analysis of failures and accidents of embankment dams, specifically concentrating on those incidents involving piping and slope instability, are described. The results of the analysis are presented in Table 1.
Abstract: The paper describes the results of a statistical analysis of failures and accidents of embankment dams, specifically concentrating on those incidents involving piping and slope instability. The com...
743 citations
TL;DR: When a mass of saturated clay is heated, as in the case of host soils surrounding nuclear waste disposal at great depth, the thermal expansion of the constituents generates excess pore pressures as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: When a mass of saturated clay is heated, as in the case of host soils surrounding nuclear waste disposal at great depth, the thermal expansion of the constituents generates excess pore pressures. T...
291 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the behavior of embankments stabilized with prefabricated vertical drains installed in soft clay foundations is described based on several fully instrumented case histories selected from T...
Abstract: This study describes the behavior of embankments stabilized with prefabricated vertical drains installed in soft clay foundations, based on several fully instrumented case histories selected from T...
254 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a thermomechanical model for saturated clays is proposed within the framework of recent extensions of the Cam-Clay model, and the results of some tests found in the literature are analyzed.
Abstract: A thermomechanical model for saturated clays is proposed within the framework of recent extensions of the Cam-Clay model. The results of some tests found in the literature are analyzed, and the mai...
236 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the characteristics of variability of soil have been highlighted and a geotechnical modus operandi has been changed from strictly strictly relying on the geology of the soil.
Abstract: As our understanding of soils has been steadily improving, the characteristics of its variability can now be highlighted. This has practically changed our geotechnical modus operandi from strictly ...
216 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the findings of a laboratory investigation of the thermomechanical behavior of clayey soils using triaxial cepstral thermodynamic models.
Abstract: This paper presents the findings of a laboratory investigation of the thermomechanical behaviour of clayey soils. The tests were performed on reconstituted and natural clayey soils using triaxial c...
200 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the fundamental factors that influence liquefaction susceptibility from the background of comprehensive experimental evidence from saturated sands and showed that these factors can influence the susceptibility of saturated sands to liquidation.
Abstract: Liquefaction phenomena in saturated sands are examined. Fundamental factors that influence liquefaction susceptibility are considered from the background of comprehensive experimental evidence from...
196 citations
TL;DR: A key requirement in the assessment of landslide risk in such densely populated urban areas as Hong Kong consists of the prediction of potential runout distance or the extent of the subsequent landslide.
Abstract: A key requirement in the assessment of landslide risk in such densely populated urban areas as Hong Kong consists of the prediction of potential runout distance or the extent of the subsequent debr...
194 citations
TL;DR: The grain size distribution is commonly used for soil classification; however, there is also potential to use the grain-size distribution as a basis for estimating soil behaviour as mentioned in this paper. But, this method is not suitable for the use of soil classification.
Abstract: The grain-size distribution is commonly used for soil classification; however, there is also potential to use the grain-size distribution as a basis for estimating soil behaviour. For example, much...
191 citations
TL;DR: The use of bentonite alone or amended with natural soils for construction of liners for water-retention and waste-containment facilities is very common as mentioned in this paper, and the importance of the bentonite content in reduc...
Abstract: The use of bentonite alone or amended with natural soils for construction of liners for water-retention and waste-containment facilities is very common. The importance of bentonite content in reduc...
178 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an experimental study of piping erosion is presented, where various artificial granular filter and base soil combinations are tested in a permeameter under variable confining pressures to determine the critical gradient where soil erodes through the filter.
Abstract: An experimental study of piping erosion is presented. Various artificial granular filter and base soil combinations are tested in a permeameter under variable confining pressures to determine the critical gradient where soil erodes through the filter. Previous research has concentrated on establishing a filter to soil grain size ratio criteria, typically D15f /D85s < 4, which separates safe from potentially unsafe filters. These works often ignored self-filtration zone formation phenomena and rarely documented the influence of variables such as confining pressure, filter thickness, and hydraulic gradient. To adequately control all variables that may influence piping erosion, a new permeameter was designed and careful attention was paid to sample preparation. Artificial glass beads were water pluviated to permit consistent repeatable uniform samples. By monitoring head, settlement, confining pressure, amount of eroded soil, and water outflow rate, the onset of piping can be determined. It is shown that the...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors quantitatively evaluate the compression that can occur during the evaluation of pore-size distribution of cohesive soil using mercury intrusion porosimetres in order to quantify the pore compression.
Abstract: The objective of the present research is to quantitatively evaluate the compression that can occur during the evaluation of pore-size distribution of cohesive soil using mercury intrusion porosimet...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyse transient seepage and predict pore-water pressure distribution in unsaturated slopes subjected to rainfall infiltration in order to predict rain-induced landslides.
Abstract: Rain-induced landslides are common around the world. To analyse transient seepage and to predict pore-water pressure distribution in unsaturated slopes subjected to rainfall infiltration, it is ess...
TL;DR: The implementation of unsaturated soil mechanics into geotechnical engineering practice requires that there be a paradigm shift from classical soil mechanics methodology as discussed by the authors, and the primary drawback to this paradigm shift is that it requires a large amount of manual work.
Abstract: The implementation of unsaturated soil mechanics into geotechnical engineering practice requires that there be a paradigm shift from classical soil mechanics methodology The primary drawback to im
TL;DR: A method for estimating the relative likelihood of failure of embankment dams by piping, based on an analysis of historic failures and accidents, was proposed by the University of New South Wales (UNSW) as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A method for estimating the relative likelihood of failure of embankment dams by piping, the University of New South Wales (UNSW) method, is based on an analysis of historic failures and accidents ...
TL;DR: In this article, an attempt is made to install prefabricated vertical drains using a mandrel, which causes disturbance of clay surrounding the drain, resulting in a "smear" zone of reduced permeability.
Abstract: Installation of prefabricated vertical drains using a mandrel causes disturbance of clay surrounding the drain, resulting in a "smear" zone of reduced permeability. In this paper, an attempt is mad...
TL;DR: In this paper, the passive earth pressure problem is investigated by means of the kinematical method of the limit analysis theory, and a translational kinematically admissible failure mechanism composed of a sequence of sequence of failure mechanisms is proposed.
Abstract: The passive earth pressure problem is investigated by means of the kinematical method of the limit analysis theory. A translational kinematically admissible failure mechanism composed of a sequence...
TL;DR: In this article, a simple two-dimensional analysis was developed to accurately model the pile foundations in order to accurately estimate the forces on the supported structure, and the analysis was applied to a pile foundation with lateral dynamic loading.
Abstract: Pile foundations are often subjected to lateral dynamic loading due to forces on the supported structure. In this study, a simple two-dimensional analysis was developed to accurately model the pile...
TL;DR: The satisfactory disposal of scrap tires is a major environmental problem worldwide as discussed by the authors, and this waste occupies valuable space in landfill sites, and tire stockpiles pose serious health and fire hazards.
Abstract: The satisfactory disposal of scrap tires is a major environmental problem worldwide. This waste occupies valuable space in landfill sites, and tire stockpiles pose serious health and fire hazards. ...
TL;DR: In this paper, the results of a series of plane strain model tests carried out on both reinforced and unreinforced sand slopes loaded with a rigid strip footing were presented, and the objectives of this study a...
Abstract: This paper presents the results of a series of plane strain model tests carried out on both reinforced and unreinforced sand slopes loaded with a rigid strip footing. The objectives of this study a...
TL;DR: In this article, large-size direct shear tests on soil-geotextile interfaces were carried out using an apparatus specifically designed for interface testing, and results were compared with those obtained from the conventional direct-shear equipment.
Abstract: This paper describes large-size direct shear tests on soil-geotextile interfaces. Medium-grained, uniform sand and three varieties of woven and nonwoven geotextiles manufactured with different techniques are utilized to investigate the soil-geotextile interface friction coefficient (f*). Tests were carried out using an apparatus specifically designed for interface testing, and results were compared with those obtained from the conventional direct shear equipment. The results obtained from this study indicated that the determination of peak interface behaviour was not a trivial matter, as the results were significantly affected by the boundary and testing conditions of the testing apparatus. The residual interface behaviour was investigated by multiple reversal direct shear tests. Since the use of multiple reversal direct shear tests on the proposed apparatus can impose a high degree of shear displacement and stress uniformity on the soil-geotextile interface, a more reliable definition of the residual int...
TL;DR: In this article, the results of laboratory testing of municipal solid waste samples subjected to one-dimensional compression with measurement of lateral stresses are presented along with the data on earth pressure at rest and compressibility characteristics.
Abstract: The paper presents the results of laboratory testing of municipal solid waste samples subjected to one-dimensional compression with measurement of lateral stresses. The details of a large-size split-ring apparatus specially developed for this research are presented along with the data on earth pressure at rest and compressibility characteristics. The results show the influence of fibre content on the coefficient of earth pressure at rest in waste materials. The "delayed compression" behaviour observed in the laboratory is shown to be similar to the concepts developed by Bjerrum for normally consolidated sensitive marine clays. Issues such as validity of laboratory testing and sample-size effects are also discussed.Key words: earth pressure at rest, municipal solid waste, compressibility.
TL;DR: In this paper, the structural response of leachate collection pipes in landfills is evaluated in a 2.0 m wide, 2. 0 m long, and 1.6 m high prism of soil, subject to large vertical pressures (1000 kPa), with only minimal roughness and deflection of the lateral boundaries.
Abstract: The design of a new laboratory facility for evaluating the structural response of small-diameter buried pipes (e.g., leachate collection pipes in landfills) is presented. The pipe is tested within a 2.0 m wide, 2.0 m long, and 1.6 m high prism of soil, subject to large vertical pressures (1000 kPa), with only minimal roughness and deflection of the lateral boundaries. Results from finite element analyses are presented to examine the effect of proximity, roughness, and stiffness of the lateral boundary on the soil and pipe response and how reasonable the laboratory idealizations are relative to the deep burial conditions expected to prevail in the field. Shear stresses arising from the roughness of the lateral boundaries alter the stresses acting around the pipe and reduce the proportion of the applied surcharge reaching the pipe. Outward deflection of the lateral boundaries also alters the stress state around the pipe, predominantly result - ing from decreases in horizontal stresses within the soil. Reducing boundary friction to less than 5° and limiting the boundary deformation to less than 1 mm at a vertical surcharge of 1000 kPa provide a good idealization of field condi- tions for a deeply buried pipe.
TL;DR: In this article, the experimental study and modelling of the mechanical response of a silty sand used in the core of the Metramo dam, Italy, is described and compared.
Abstract: This paper reports the experimental study and modelling of the mechanical response of a silty sand used in the core of the Metramo dam, Italy. Specimens were prepared by compacting the soil at opti...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors highlighted the need for increased research into the revamping of design codes and building regulations to prevent further catastrophic losses in terms of human lives in case of earthquakes.
Abstract: Recent destructive earthquakes have highlighted the need for increased research into the revamping of design codes and building regulations to prevent further catastrophic losses in terms of human ...
TL;DR: The Taipei National Enterprise Center (TNEC) excavation project was constructed using the top-down construction method, in which a diaphragm wall was supported by the concrete floor slab as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The Taipei National Enterprise Center (TNEC) excavation project was constructed using the top-down construction method, in which a diaphragm wall was supported by the concrete floor slab. Previous ...
TL;DR: In this paper, the pore fluid is replaced with organic liquids and the properties of fine-grained soils such as hydraulic conductivity change significantly when pore fluids are replaced by organic liquids.
Abstract: Researchers have shown that properties of fine-grained soils such as hydraulic conductivity change significantly when the pore fluid is replaced with organic liquids. In general, such changes have ...
TL;DR: In this article, a total number of 24 consolidated undrained triaxial shear tests on reconsolidated saturated Hong Kong marine clay (HKMC) have been performed in both compression and extension shear states.
Abstract: A total number of 24 consolidated undrained triaxial shear tests on reconsolidated saturated Hong Kong marine clay (HKMC) have been performed in both compression and extension shear states. The specimens were prepared in four different overconsolidation ratios (OCRs) and sheared at three different axial strain rates. The strain-rate dependency of undrained shear strength, pore-water pressure, stress path, and secant Young's modulus are investigated. The influence of OCR on the stressstrainstrength behavior of HKMC is also examined. The results of all tests are presented and interpreted. The interpreted results are compared with the results in the literature. For the HKMC with OCR varying from 1 to 8, the average value of the strain-rate parameter 0.15 is 5.5% for compression tests and 8.4% for extension tests. Most interpreted results are conclusive and consistent with the published results, whereas some results are not conclusive. A new parameter for describing the strain-rate dependency of undrained ...
TL;DR: In this paper, the hydraulic conductivity of a nonplastic till from northern Quebec was examined and it was shown that hydraulic conductivities are strongly influenced by the compaction degree of saturation.
Abstract: The paper examines the hydraulic conductivity of a nonplastic till from northern Quebec. It is shown that the hydraulic conductivity is strongly influenced by the compaction degree of saturation, a...
TL;DR: In this paper, the shear-wave velocity measured by bender elements in laboratory sand samples is shown to be dependent upon the excitation frequency and exhibits a maximum velocity for a finite frequency.
Abstract: Shear-wave velocity measured by bender elements in laboratory sand samples is shown to be dependent upon the excitation frequency and exhibits a maximum velocity for a finite frequency. By comparin...