Showing papers in "Canadian Geotechnical Journal in 2001"
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that roots can mechanically reinforce shallow soils in forested landscapes, however, forests can have variations in vegetation species and age which can do damage to shallow soils.
Abstract: Decades of quantitative measurement indicate that roots can mechanically reinforce shallow soils in forested landscapes. Forests, however, have variations in vegetation species and age which can do...
532 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the Cam-Clay model for isothermal mechanical behavior of clays has been extended to take account of the effects of temperature on stressstrain behavior.
Abstract: The Cam-Clay model for isothermal mechanical behaviour of clays has been extended to take account of the effects of temperature on stressstrain behaviour. The assumptions used in constructing the ...
225 citations
TL;DR: Many natural slopes and rockfill structures are made of a mixture of rock fragments and sand-size particles, and to analyze the stability of such natural slopes, a knowledge of how rocks...
Abstract: Many natural slopes and rockfill structures are made of a mixture of rock fragments and sand-size particles. To analyze the stability of such natural slopes and rockfills, a knowledge of how rocks...
178 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, natural cementation affects the properties of soils, the interpretation of in situ and laboratory test results, and the selection of criteria for geotechnical design, as well as its application in road networks.
Abstract: Natural cementation affects the properties of soils, the interpretation of in situ and laboratory test results, and the selection of criteria for geotechnical design. In this paper, published exper...
178 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared engineering properties with index properties in the field of geotechnical engineering and showed that correlation of engineering properties and index properties has assumed greater significance in the recent past.
Abstract: Correlating engineering properties with index properties has assumed greater significance in the recent past in the field of geotechnical engineering. Although attempts have been made in the past t...
172 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of lime and fly ash on the compressibility and hydraulic characteristics of an expansive soil in Cyprus was evaluated. But the results were limited to a series of laboratory tests.
Abstract: The paper presents a series of laboratory tests and evaluates the effect of lime and fly ash on the compressibility and hydraulic characteristics of an expansive soil in Cyprus The tests were perf
168 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors deal with the development of a technique for mapping landslide susceptibility using a geographical information system (GIS), with particular reference to landslides on natural terrain.
Abstract: This paper deals with the development of a technique for mapping landslide susceptibility using a geographical information system (GIS), with particular reference to landslides on natural terrain. ...
163 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a method of determining the correction factor to approximate a jointed, shield-driven tunnel lining as a continuous ring structure under plane strain conditions is presented. But this method is not suitable for tunnel construction.
Abstract: This paper presents a new method of determining the correction factor to approximate a jointed, shield-driven tunnel lining as a continuous ring structure under plane strain conditions. An earth pr...
159 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the pore-size distribution (PSD) of fine-grained soils is measured after compaction, after flexible-wall permeability testing, and during and after SWCC tests.
Abstract: The soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) of fine-grained soils is usually determined experimentally. In many applications, such as design of mine waste covers and landfill liners, the unsaturated permeability function, k(h), is often derived theoretically from the measured SWCC. Implicit in these derivations is the transformation of the SWCC to a pore-size distribution (PSD), typically assumed to be constant and mono-modal. PSDs of a clayey till compacted at various water contents were measured after compaction, after flexible-wall permeability testing, and during and after SWCC tests. The measurements show that the PSD changes significantly during permeability and SWCC testing. A method is advanced for predicting the observed changes in PSD during SWCC testing. PSDs are determined for soil samples subjected to the highest and lowest suctions applied during the SWCC test. The measured PSDs are transformed to account for pore trapping; the transform assumes that flow occurs through two sets of randomly d...
157 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an extensive series of centrifuge tests has been performed to evaluate the use of flexible subminiature pressure cells in the centrifuge environment and their subsequent use to measure lateral earth pressures behind retaining walls of narrow backfill width.
Abstract: Arching theory predicts a significant reduction in earth pressures behind retaining walls of narrow backfill width. An extensive series of centrifuge tests has been performed to evaluate the use of flexible subminiature pressure cells in the centrifuge environment and their subsequent use to measure lateral earth pressures behind retaining walls of narrow backfill width. Although the flexible earth pressure cells exhibit hysteresis and nonlinear calibration behaviour, the extensive calibration studies indicate that stiff diaphragm type earth pressure cells may be used with replicate models to measure earth pressures. Measurements of lateral pressures acting on the unyielding model retaining walls show good agreement with Janssen's arching theory. Tests on backfills bounded by vertical planes of dissimilar frictional characteristics indicate arching theory with an average interface friction angle provides a reasonable estimate of lateral earth pressures.Key words: fascia retaining walls, silos, earth press...
156 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an empirical model for analysis of debris flows based on field observations of landslides from clear-cuts in the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, Canada is presented.
Abstract: An empirical model is presented for analysis of debris flows based on field observations of landslides from clear-cuts in the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. Given an initial failure vol...
TL;DR: In 1994, the Merriespruit gold tailings dam in South Africa failed, resulting in 17 deaths, and the post-failure investigation provided no explanation as to why the catastrophic flow failure occurred.
Abstract: In 1994 the Merriespruit gold tailings dam in South Africa failed, resulting in 17 deaths. The post-failure investigation provided no explanation as to why the catastrophic flow failure, which cont...
TL;DR: A vast amount and variety of mine tailings are produced around the world each day, and these mining wastes must be properly managed as discussed by the authors, which is the appropriate approach to evaluate mine tailing disposal technology, the appropriate engin...
Abstract: A vast amount and variety of mine tailings are produced around the world each day. These mining wastes must be properly managed. To evaluate mine tailings disposal technology, the appropriate engin...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied soil degradation from the point of view of cyclic axial strain through stress-controlled triaxial tests on Hangzhou normally consolidated clay and showed that different influence factors on strain, such as different factors on soil degradation, can influence soil degradation.
Abstract: Soil degradation is studied from the point of view of cyclic axial strain through stress-controlled triaxial tests on Hangzhou normally consolidated clay. Different influence factors on strain, suc...
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of confining pressure and static shear on resistance to liquefaction were investigated Site-specific, site-specific and cyclic loading of a sand under cyclic load.
Abstract: Liquefaction resistance of a sand under cyclic loading is assessed and the effects of the levels of confining pressure and static shear on resistance to liquefaction are investigated Site-specific
TL;DR: In this article, an experimental program on electrokinetic strengthening of a marine sediment using intermittent current was conducted on a high-salinity marine clay recovered from a land reclamation site on the Ko...
Abstract: An experimental program on electrokinetic strengthening of a marine sediment using intermittent current was conducted on a high-salinity marine clay recovered from a land reclamation site on the Ko...
TL;DR: The method of soil stabilization is well known and has been used throughout the world for many decades to improve some soil properties as mentioned in this paper. Although many researchers have studied the effect of adding a...
Abstract: The method of soil stabilization is well known and has been used throughout the world for many decades to improve some soil properties. Although many researchers have studied the effect of adding a...
TL;DR: In this article, a nonlinear, least squares method was used to determine best-fit parameters for several empirical equations for the soil-water characteristic curve, and a number of empirical equations have been proposed.
Abstract: A number of empirical equations have been proposed for the soil-water characteristic curve. A nonlinear, least squares method was used to determine best-fit parameters for several empirical equatio...
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of strain rate and viscoplastic strain on the consolidation of natural clay were analyzed by using a nonlinear viscplastic model in which viscoplastics behavior was modeled by a unicycle.
Abstract: To analyze the effects of strain rate and viscoplastic strain on consolidation of natural clay, this paper presents a nonlinear viscoplastic model in which viscoplastic behaviour is modeled by a un...
TL;DR: By taking the failure surface as a combination of the arc of a logarithmic spiral and a straight line, passive earth pressure coefficients in the presence of a horizontal pseudostatic earthquake body were derived in this article.
Abstract: By taking the failure surface as a combination of the arc of a logarithmic spiral and a straight line, passive earth pressure coefficients in the presence of horizontal pseudostatic earthquake body...
TL;DR: In this paper, three dimensional (3D) numerical analyses were conducted to investigate groundwater responses in an initially unsaturated cut slope at Lai Ping Road in Hong Kong subjected to rainfalls with various weather conditions.
Abstract: Three-dimensional (3D) numerical analyses were conducted to investigate groundwater responses in an initially unsaturated cut slope at Lai Ping Road in Hong Kong subjected to rainfalls with various...
TL;DR: A soil investigation was carried out at two sites in Singapore and Bangkok, Southeast Asia, and the results were compared with those from a site in Ariake, Japan as mentioned in this paper, where soil samples at all the sites were collected.
Abstract: A soil investigation was carried out at two sites in Singapore and Bangkok, Southeast Asia, and the results were compared with those from a site in Ariake, Japan. Soil samples at all the sites were...
TL;DR: In this article, the soil-water characteristic curve data for specimens containing either ~1 mm or ~2 mm diameter pellets of processed diatomaceous earth are measured using a variety of methods (Tempe cell, pressure pl...
Abstract: Soil-water characteristic curve data for specimens containing either ~1 mm or ~2 mm diameter pellets of processed diatomaceous earth are measured using a variety of methods (Tempe cell, pressure pl...
TL;DR: In this article, the intrinsic behavior of a residual clayey sand derived from sandstone was investigated in one-dimensional compression and the data showed some interesting differences when compared with other publish...
Abstract: The intrinsic behaviour of a residual clayey sand derived from sandstone was investigated in one-dimensional compression. The data show some interesting differences when compared with other publish...
TL;DR: In this article, a simplified analytical method is presented for nonlinear analysis of the behavior of pile groups under vertical loads, and a hyperbolic approach is adopted to describe the nonlinear relationship.
Abstract: A simplified analytical method is presented for nonlinear analysis of the behaviour of pile groups under vertical loads. A hyperbolic approach is adopted to describe the nonlinear relationship betw...
TL;DR: Although variable confining pressure (VCP) triaxial tests are generally preferred to CPs due to the more realistic stress application, VCP tests have been found to have better performance than CPs as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Although variable confining pressure (VCP) triaxial tests are generally preferred to constant confining pressure (CCP) triaxial tests due to the more realistic stress application, VCP tests have ne...
TL;DR: The behavior of geosynthetic-reinforced embankments constructed over soft cohesive soils installed with prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) was investigated by numerically examining an embankment as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The behaviour of geosynthetic-reinforced embankments constructed over soft cohesive soils installed with prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) is investigated by numerically examining an embankment ...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors demonstrate that the concept of a steady state line, which separates dilative from contractive behaviour upon undrained loading, is applicable to Merriespruit tailings.
Abstract: Failure of the Merriespruit gold tailings dam in 1994 in South Africa was unusual in that never before had a gold tailings dam in South Africa failed in such a catastrophic fashion. Conventional thinking was that gold tailings would always exhibit dilative characteristics upon loading, primarily because of the method of deposition which allows significant consolidation to occur due to sun-drying. This paper demonstrates that the concept of a steady state line, which separates dilative from contractive behaviour upon undrained loading, is applicable to Merriespruit tailings. Four particle-size distributions of Merriespruit tailings were tested to determine the influence of the percent finer than 75 µm on the position of the steady state line. The tailings with the greater percentage of fines gave a steady state line that plotted above all the others, which translated to the requirement that a greater relative density was necessary to produce noncontractive behaviour than for the low-fines tailings samples....
TL;DR: In this article, a stress-dilatancy model that incorporates microstructural aspects of sand is obtained while writing energy conservation for an ensemble of particles over a representative elementary volume at micro- and macro-scales.
Abstract: This paper presents a mathematical modelling of the effects of initial fabric on the mechanical behaviour of sand. A stress-dilatancy model that incorporates microstructural aspects of sand is hereby obtained while writing energy conservation for an ensemble of particles over a representative elementary volume at micro- and macro-scales. The resulting stress-dilatancy model, when used within an elastoplastic framework, successfully reproduces certain aspects of sand behaviour that are reflective of its microstructure under both drained and undrained conditions. The role of microstructure in relation to the characterization of steady, quasi-steady, and phase-transformation states is discussed within the framework of the model. Numerical simulations obtained from the proposed model are generally very con- sistent with experimental observations and provide insightful information.
TL;DR: In this paper, a new uniaxial swelling device was designed and fabricated to enable controlled swelling of clay samples, which allowed for the measurement of swelling pressure at a controlled and predetermined extent of swelling of the expansive clays.
Abstract: The focus of this work is to elucidate the changes in microstructure during swelling in expansive clays. A new device to enable controlled swelling of clay samples was designed and fabricated. This controlled uniaxial swelling device when integrated with a closed loop mechanical testing load frame allowed for the measurement of swelling pressure at a controlled and predetermined extent of swelling of the expansive clay samples. Further, this cell offered ease of removal of samples for microanalytical testing in a scanning electron microscope. Microstructural analysis was performed on the bentonite samples after the saturated samples were allowed to swell 0, 50, and 75% beyond their original volume. The void and particle gray scales were identified in the images using energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. Digital analysis of the images using custom-developed macros and Scion ImageTM software shows that the increase in swelling and reduction of swelling pressure due to swelling in the clay samples result in app...