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Showing papers in "Canadian Journal of Political Science in 2011"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine the political relevance of PTR's rhetorical strategies and show that how Canadian PTR talks, particularly its use of populist rhetoric, plays a central role in establishing what type of political deliberation and debate is possible within it.
Abstract: . Although scholars have identified political talk radio (PTR) as an important site of political socialization, the current literature has largely failed to examine the political relevance of PTR's rhetorical strategies and has virtually ignored Canadian PTR altogether. This article addresses these gaps by analyzing Adler On Line, Canada's only nationally syndicated commercial PTR program, to show that how Canadian PTR talks, particularly its use of populist rhetoric, plays a central role in establishing what type of political deliberation and debate is possible within it. Divided into two main sections, the article first explores how Adler On Line renders a particular epistemological framework authoritative. The second section then analyzes the rules and norms of political expression and debate encouraged by the show's style of argutainment debate. The article concludes with a more speculative evaluation of the practical consequences as well as the theoretical and normative implications of these discursive practices.Resume. Bien que les auteurs de recherches reconnaissent que la radio interactive politique (RIP) represente un lieu important de socialisation politique, la litterature courante dans ce domaine omet, en grande partie, d'analyser la signification politique des strategies rhetoriques de la RIP, tout en laissant entierement dans l'ombre les activites de RIP canadiennes. Visant a combler ces lacunes, le present article offre, dans un premier temps, une analyse de l'emission Adler On Line, qui est la seule emission de RIP commerciale souscrite nationalement au Canada, puis demontre que le mode d'expression typique adopte dans cette emission, et surtout son usage de la rhetorique populiste, ont une incidence determinante sur le genre de deliberation et de debat politiques que permet la radio parlee au Canada. L'article se divise en deux grandes parties. La premiere explore le cadre epistemologique particulier de l'emission Adler On Line et la maniere dont ce cadre se voit empreint d'autorite. La seconde partie analyse les regles ou normes de debat et d'expression des opinions politiques qu'encourage le style divertissant de cette emission-debat. Pour conclure, les auteurs evaluent de facon plus speculative les consequences pratiques de ces formes d'expression discursive, tout comme leur incidence theorique et normative.

66 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors examines the apparent contradiction between the current tendency of many Indigenous groups and their political institutions to embrace the capitalist economic model as the one and only solution in establishing contemporary Indigenous self-governance, on the one hand, and on the other, the detrimental force of the market economy on Indigenous societies, past and present.
Abstract: . This paper examines the apparent contradiction between the current tendency of many Indigenous groups and their political institutions to embrace the capitalist economic model as the one and only solution in establishing contemporary Indigenous self-governance, on the one hand, and on the other, the detrimental force of the market economy on Indigenous societies, past and present. The starting point is the following question. If the global market economy historically played a significant role in the loss of political and economic autonomy of Indigenous societies and women, how meaningful or sustainable is it to seek to (re)build contemporary Indigenous governance on the very economic model that was largely responsible for undermining it in the first place? Shouldn't this history be taken into consideration when discussing and shaping models and policies for contemporary Indigenous governance and hence be more critical of the standard economic development frameworks hailed as the path toward self-governance?Resume. Cet article examine l'apparente contradiction entre la tendance actuelle de nombreux groupes autochtones et de leurs institutions politiques a adopter le modele economique capitaliste contemporain en tant que seule et unique solution pour constituer une autonomie gouvernementale autochtone d'une part, et de l'autre, les forces nefastes de l'economie de marche dans les societes autochtones, passees et presentes. Au depart, se pose la question suivante : si l'economie de marche mondiale a historiquement joue un role important dans la perte d'autonomie politique et economique des societes autochtones et des femmes, jusqu'a quel point est-il pertinent ou viable de chercher a bâtir ou a rebâtir l'autonomie gouvernementale contemporaine des peuples autochtones sur le meme modele economique qui a ete largement responsable de la saper en premier lieu? Cette dimension historique ne devrait-elle pas etre prise en consideration lors de l'examen et de l'elaboration des modeles et des politiques de gouvernance autochtone contemporains et, par consequent, inciter a une vision plus critique des cadres de developpement economique convenus qui sont salues comme le chemin vers l'autogouvernance?

56 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The impact of the current neoliberal political context for Indigenous governance in Canada is examined in this paper, where the authors examine to what extent recent decentralizing initiatives, generally viewed as "concessions" made by the state to meet the demands of Indigenous peoples, must be evaluated as part of a broader governmental strategy of neoliberalism.
Abstract: . This article addresses the impact of the current neoliberal political context for Indigenous governance in Canada. While some observers have argued correctly that the neoliberal context provides new opportunities or points of entry in the political opportunity structure for “self-government” initiatives (Helvin, 2006; Scott, 2006; Slowey, 2008), I examine to what extent recent decentralizing initiatives, generally viewed as “concessions” made by the state to meet the demands of Indigenous peoples, must be evaluated as part of a broader governmental strategy of neoliberalism. This strategy is not simply about meeting the demands of Indigenous peoples but also about meeting the requirements of the contemporary governmental shift towards “privatization” within liberal democratic states. As such, I argue that certain manifestations of Indigenous self-government are vulnerable to criticisms launched against practices of privatization, practices which include a variety of policies designed to promote a shifting of contentious issues out of the public sphere and thereby limiting public debate and collective—that is, state—responsibility.Resume. Le present article analyse d'un oeil critique l'impact du contexte politique neoliberal actuel sur la gouvernance autochtone au Canada. Certains auteurs ont avance avec raison que le contexte neoliberal donnait aux peuples autochtones de nouveaux points d'entree pour leurs initiatives d'autogouvernance (Helvin, 2006; Scott, 2006; Slowey, 2008). Toutefois, j'examine ici dans quelle mesure les tentatives recentes de decentralisation, souvent comprises comme des «concessions» faites par l'Etat pour repondre aux revendications des peuples autochtones, doivent etre evaluees dans le cadre plus vaste d'une strategie de neoliberalisme du gouvernement. Cette strategie ne vise pas uniquement a repondre aux besoins des peuples autochtones, mais aussi a permettre au gouvernement de s'orienter vers la «privatisation» qui distingue l'Etat liberal democratique contemporain. A ce titre, je soutiens que certaines manifestations d'autogouvernance des Autochtones peuvent se preter aux memes critiques que les pratiques de privatisation, qui comprennent diverses politiques visant a retirer de la place publique certains sujets controverses afin de limiter le debat public et la responsabilite collective, c'est-a-dire celle de l'Etat.

52 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Erin Tolley1
TL;DR: The authors examined the electoral presence of women in federal, provincial and municipal governments and found that female legislators are increasingly present in roughly equivalent proportions across all three levels of government and suggested that women are more likely to be elected in roughly equal proportions to men at any level of government.
Abstract: . This article examines the electoral presence of women in federal, provincial and municipal governments. It casts doubt on the notion of a municipal advantage—a prevalent theme in the women in politics literature—and suggests, instead, that female legislators are increasingly present in roughly equivalent proportions across all three levels of government. Unlike prior analyses that have tended to focus on a limited number of provinces, a distinct time period or a select group of larger urban centres, this article uses longitudinal data that encompass all provinces and territories, as well as nearly all of Canada's 3750 municipalities. The findings demonstrate that female legislators often find greater electoral success at the higher levels of government but that the proportion of women elected rarely exceeds 25 per cent at any level. The article thus challenges a pervasive theme in the literature on women in politics.Resume. Cet article etudie la presence des femmes parmi les elus aux divers paliers de gouvernement, soit aux niveaux federal, provincial et municipal. Il remet en doute l'idee voulant que les femmes soient avantagees au niveau municipal – theme tres courant dans la litterature sur les femmes au gouvernement – et propose, au contraire, que les legislatrices sont de plus en plus presentes dans des proportions a peu pres semblables aux trois niveaux de gouvernement. Contrairement aux etudes anterieures, qui ont eu tendance a se concentrer sur un nombre limite de provinces, sur une periode determinee ou sur un groupe particulier de grands centres urbains, cet article se sert de donnees longitudinales qui englobent toutes les provinces, tous les territoires et la majeure partie des 3750 municipalites du Canada. Les conclusions demontrent que les legislatrices reussissent souvent mieux aux paliers superieurs de gouvernement, mais que la proportion des femmes elues excede rarement 25 pour cent, peu importe le niveau. L'auteure remet donc en question un theme omnipresent dans la litterature sur les femmes au gouvernement.

52 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyze the empirical process of securitization of the US-Canada border and then reflect on the model proposed by the Copenhagen School, and conclude that there are inconsistencies between truth and discourse, as well as significant distinctions between official and bureaucratic discourses, further emphasizing the importance of a comprehensive model of security.
Abstract: . In this paper, the authors analyze the empirical process of securitization of the US–Canada border and then reflect on the model proposed by the Copenhagen School. We argue that securitization theory oversimplifies the political process of securitizing moves and audience acceptance. Rather than attributing securitization to a singular speaker addressing a specific audience, we present overlapping and ongoing language security games performed by varying relevant actors during the key period between the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act (IRTPA) in December 2004 and the signing of the Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America (SPP) in June 2005, showing how multiple speakers participate in the continuing construction of a context in which this issue is increasingly treated as a matter of security. We also explore the language adopted by participants in the field, focusing on an expert panel convened by the Homeland Security Institute. We conclude that in the securitization of the US–Canada border there are inconsistencies between truth and discourse, as well as significant distinctions between official and bureaucratic discourses, further emphasizing the importance of a comprehensive model of securitization.Resume. Dans cet article, les auteurs font l'analyse du processus empirique de la securisation de la frontiere Canado-Americaine a travers la reflexion sur le modele propose par l'Ecole de Copenhague. Nous soutenons que cette theorie de securisation simplifie trop le processus politique de son initiation et de l'acceptation de l'auditeur. Au lieu d'attribuer la securisation a un orateur, s'adressant a un public particulier, nous presentons les jeux de langage continuels effectues par plusieurs acteurs pendant la periode suivant la Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act (IRTPA) en decembre 2004, jusqu'a l'approbation de la Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America (SPP) en juin 2005. Nous maintenons que plusieurs orateurs participent dans la construction continuelle du contexte dans lequel l'affaire est de plus en plus comprise dans le cadre de securite. Nous explorons aussi le langage employe par les participants dans le champ, observant surtout un groupe d'experts convoque au Homeland Security Institute. Nous concluons que dans le cas de la securisation de la frontiere Canado-Americaine il existe des incoherences entre le discours et le reel, ainsi que des distinctions significatives entre les discours officiels et bureaucratiques, mettant l'accent sur l'importance d'un modele comprehensif de securisation.

46 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide an alternative econometric framework for evaluating the curse of natural resources and economic growth, and find that petroleum resources are associated with rent-seeking behavior that negatively affects wellbeing.
Abstract: In 1995, Jeffrey Sachs and Andrew Warner found a negative relationship between natural resources and economic growth, and claimed that natural resources are a curse. Their work has been widely cited, with many economists now accepting the curse of natural resources as a welldocumented explanation of poor economic growth in some economies (e.g., Papyrakis and Gerlagh, 2004; Kronenberg, 2004). In this paper, we provide an alternative econometric framework for evaluating this claim, although we begin with a discussion of possible explanations for the curse and a critical assessment of the extant theory underlying the curse. Our approach is to identify natural resources that have the greatest rents and potential for exploitation through rent-seeking agents. The transmission mechanism that we specify works through the effect that rent seeking has on corruption and how that, in turn, impacts wellbeing. Our measure of wellbeing is the Human Development Index, although we find similar results for per capita GDP. While we find that resource abundance does not directly impact economic development, we do find that petroleum resources are associated with rent-seeking behavior that negatively affects wellbeing. Our regression results are robust to various model specifications and sensitivity analyses.

42 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors analyzed legislative votes in the 35 th (1994-97) and 38 th (200405) Canadian Parliaments over a multidimensional policy space and showed that policy debates are two-dimensional in Canada.
Abstract: We analyze legislative votes in the 35 th (1994-97) and 38 th (200405) Canadian Parliaments over a multidimensional policy space. The results demonstrate that policy debates are two-dimensional in Canada. The first dimension represents the division between governing and opposition parties that has been found in similar parliamentary systems. The second dimension captures the opposition between Quebec and western provinces. There is a clear regional division between the Reform Party (and later the Conservative Party) and the Bloc Quebecois in both Parliaments; whereas the Liberals and the NDP occupy the center on this legislative dimension. We also note that the newly formed Conservative Party has moved closer to the center in the 38 th Parliament.

39 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine how powerful policy actors defend themselves against opponents' strategies of conflict expansion through a case study on the oil sands of Alberta, and argue that in examining subsystem change, it is essential to go beyond an examination of formal institutional mechanisms to examine policy impacts.
Abstract: . This article examines how powerful policy actors defend themselves against opponents' strategies of conflict expansion through a case study on the oil sands of Alberta. In response to an escalation of criticism of its performance on environmental regulation and related issues, the government of Alberta has pursued a strategy of engaging in several multi-stakeholder consultations. We argue that in examining subsystem change, it is essential to go beyond an examination of formal institutional mechanisms to examine policy impacts. Thus far, despite a significant pluralisation of consultative mechanisms on the oil sands, there is little or no evidence of a shift in power away from pro-oil sands interests. This strategy of selective opening is designed to bolster the legitimacy of the policy process while maintaining control over decision rules and venues.Resume. Cet article etudie le rapport de force et la strategie de defense des acteurs politiques lorsqu'un conflit degenere, comme cela s'est produit dans le dossier des sables bitumineux de l'Alberta. Devant une recrudescence des critiques a l'egard de sa performance au chapitre de la reglementation environnementale, le gouvernement de l'Alberta a adopte une strategie qui consiste a effectuer des consultations avec plusieurs intervenants. Nous soutenons qu'en examinant les changements du sous-systeme, il est vital d'aller au dela de la simple etude des mecanismes institutionnels pour evaluer l'impact des politiques. En depit de la pluralite des mecanismes de consultation mis en place, rien ne semble indiquer qu'une partie quelconque du pouvoir ait echappe aux acteurs de l'exploitation des sables bitumineux. Cette strategie d'ouverture selective est concue pour renforcer la legitimite du processus politique tout en gardant le controle sur les prises de decision et les centres decisionnels.

38 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper explored the relationship between elite and mass evaluations of corruption by combining survey data with system-level indicators in 30 countries and found that more economically fortunate individuals and those who supported the government in the previous election tend to be less critical of corruption.
Abstract: . This paper investigates how people form perceptions about corruption. By combining survey data with system-level indicators in 30 countries, the author first explores the relationship between elite and mass evaluations of corruption. Furthermore, the author tests a series of hypotheses pertaining to how individual-level factors, such as political allegiances, personal economic conditions and education may influence people's perceptions. The findings reveal that mass assessments of corruption track closely those of the elites. In addition, more economically fortunate individuals and those who supported the government in the previous election tend to be less critical of corruption. The effect of education is contingent on a country's level of corruption. Specifically, more educated citizens in “cleaner” countries do not see as much corruption as their less educated counterparts. However, this difference is substantively modest.Resume. Cet article etudie la facon dont le public etablit sa perception de la corruption. En utilisant conjointement les informations donnees par les enquetes d'opinion et par les indicateurs de pointage de 30 pays, l'auteur va d'abord explorer les evaluations de la corruption des elites et celles de la masse populaire. De plus, l'auteur va tester une serie d'hypotheses concernant la facon dont la perception du public est influencee par des facteurs personnels, l'appartenance politique par exemple, ou par la situation economique personnelle ou l'education. Les resultats revelent que les jugements de la masse sur la corruption suivent de pres ceux des elites. De plus, les individus plus fortunes ou ceux qui ont vote pour le gouvernement aux dernieres elections ont tendance a se montrer moins critiques au sujet de la corruption. L'effet de l'education est aleatoire quant au niveau de corruption d' un pays. En particulier, dans les pays consideres comme les plus « propres », les citoyens plus eduques constatent moins la corruption que ceux qui sont moins eduques. La difference cependant est extremement modeste.

38 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Nisha Nath1
TL;DR: This paper argued that mainstream Canadian political science reproduces a logic that limits the conversation to particular dimensions of "identity" (i.e., identity as a basis of political action, a collective phenomenon denoting sameness and a core aspect of individual/collective selfhood) at the expense of others.
Abstract: . This article maps how Canadian political science has considered and shaped the logic of “identity” across the institutional, societal and governance dimensions of this disciplinary subfield. Focusing on the ubiquitous analytic absence of “race” in the mainstream literature, this article argues that mainstream Canadian political science reproduces a logic that limits the conversation to particular dimensions of ‘identity’ (‘identity’ as a basis of political action, a collective phenomenon denoting sameness and a core aspect of individual/collective selfhood) at the expense of others (‘identity’ as a product of social or political action, a product of multiple and competing discourses and a governmentality). In addition to this logic of ‘identity’, eight methodological tendencies in the mainstream literature further impede analyses of ‘race’. By challenging these methodological tendencies, abandoning ‘identity’ as an analytic category and reflecting on the consequences of deactivating and erasing ‘race’, Canadian political scientists may become better equipped to interrogate the operating logic of ‘identity’, to substantively incorporate ‘race’ as a conceptual, analytic and explanatory device, and perhaps most critically, begin to redefine the canon.Resume. Cet article retrace la maniere dont la science politique canadienne a considere et faconne la logique de «l'identite» dans certaines dimensions particulieres de cette discipline, soit celles des institutions, de la societe et de la gouvernance. En se concentrant sur l'absence predominante du concept de «race» dans les analyses de la litterature conventionnelle, l'article soutient que la science politique canadienne dans la ligne du courant dominant reproduit une logique qui limite la conversation a certaines dimensions de «l'identite» (soit «l'identite» en tant que base de l'action politique, en tant que phenomene denotant l'uniformite et en tant qu'aspect essentiel du moi individuel ou collectif) au detriment des autres (soit «l'identite» en tant que produit de l'action politique ou sociale, produit de discours multiples et rivaux, et gouvernementalite). Outre cette logique de «l'identite», huit tendances methodologiques de la litterature conventionnelle entravent davantage les analyses de la «race». En contestant ces tendances methodologiques, en abandonnant «l'identite» en tant que categorie analytique et en reflechissant aux consequences de la desactivation et de l'effacement de la «race», les politicologues canadiens pourraient devenir mieux equipes pour interroger la logique operante de «l'identite», pour incorporer la «race» de maniere substantielle en tant que dispositif conceptuel, analytique et explicatif, et peut-etre le plus important, pour commencer a redefinir le canon.

27 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper found that the likelihood of dissension is strongly related to four broad factors that appear to exert independent influence on whether the Court is consensual or divided: political conflict, institutional structure, legal ambiguity in the law and variations in the leadership style of the chief justice.
Abstract: . While there is an extensive literature on the causes of dissensus on appellate courts in the US, few empirical studies exist of the causes of dissent in Canadian Supreme Court. The current study seeks to close that gap in the literature, proposing and then testing what we call a Canadian model of dissent. We find that the likelihood of dissent is strongly related to four broad factors that appear to exert independent influence on whether the Court is consensual or divided: political conflict, institutional structure, legal ambiguity in the law and variations in the leadership style of the chief justice.Resume. Les causes de dissension dans les cours d'appel aux Etats-Unis font l'objet de nombreux articles et publications, mais il existe tres peu d'etudes empiriques sur les causes de dissidence a la Cour supreme du Canada. La presente etude vise a combler cette lacune en proposant, un modele canadien de dissension, puis en le mettant a l'epreuve. Nous avons constate que le risque de dissension est fortement lie a quatre facteurs generaux qui semblent exercer une influence independante, que la Cour soit en accord ou divisee. Ces facteurs sont le conflit politique, la structure institutionnelle, la presence d'une ambiguite juridique dans la loi et le style de direction du juge en chef.

Journal ArticleDOI
Jonathan Fox1
TL;DR: This paper examined the influence of constitutional clauses on state religion policy as measured by the Religion and State (RAS) dataset's religious legislation variable for 166 states and found that even when controlling for structural factors which have been shown to influence the level of religious legislation, constitutional clauses have a significant impact.
Abstract: . This study examines the influence of constitutional clauses—which either establish religions (EOR) or separation of religion and state (SRAS)—on state religion policy as measured by the Religion and State (RAS) dataset's religious legislation variable for 166 states. The results show that, even when controlling for structural factors which have been shown to influence the level of religious legislation, constitutional clauses have a significant impact. However, this influence is small compared to structural factors and is limited to the presence or absence of EOR and SRAS clauses. The specific wording of these clauses has minimal, if any, impact on legislation. This study also finds that religious legislation is ubiquitous even in states with SRAS clauses in their constitutions.Resume. Cette etude examine l'influence exercee par les clauses constitutionnelles – qui regissent l'etablissement d'une religion officielle (EOR) ou la separation de l'Eglise et de l'Etat (SRAS) – sur la politique religieuse des Etats, telle que mesuree par les donnees de la legislation religieuse de 166 Etats, celles-ci etant repertoriees dans la base de donnees RAS (l'Eglise et l'Etat). Les resultats montrent que meme lorsqu'on etudie les facteurs structurels qui ont une incidence reconnue sur le niveau de legislation religieuse, les clauses constitutionnelles ont un impact notable. Leur influence s'avere toutefois faible en comparaison de celle des facteurs structurels et elle se limite a la presence ou a l'absence de clauses EOR et SRAS. La formulation precise de ces clauses influe peu ou pas du tout sur la legislation. L'etude conclut egalement que la legislation religieuse est omnipresente, meme dans les Etats dont la constitution comporte des clauses de separation de l'Eglise et de l'Etat.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the survival functions of ministerial turnover for potential, but not yet appointed, cabinet ministers were estimated were they to survive to a defined political benchmark; these survival rates were included in a logit model of Canadian ministerial appointment following four general elections (1957, 1979, 1984 and 2006) in which the prime minister was tasked with appointing a cabinet with ministerial neophytes.
Abstract: . The Canadian federal cabinet stands out among Westminster parliamentary democracies because of the large number of first-time ministers who are appointed to cabinet without any previous parliamentary or political experience. Several explanations have been put forward to account for this peculiarity but no attempt has been made to examine how Canadian prime ministers overcome the information deficit associated with appointing ministers with no experience. How can prime ministers be confident that they are making the right choice? This paper explores the subject by estimating the survival functions of ministerial turnover for potential, but not yet appointed, cabinet ministers were they to survive to a defined political benchmark; these survival rates are included in a logit model of Canadian ministerial appointment following four general elections (1957, 1979, 1984 and 2006) in which the prime minister was tasked with appointing a cabinet with ministerial neophytes.Resume. Le Conseil des ministres federal du Canada se demarque dans l'ensemble des democraties parlementaires britanniques en raison du grand nombre de ministres novices qui sont nommes au Conseil alors qu'ils ne possedent aucune experience parlementaire ou politique anterieure. Plusieurs explications de cette anomalie ont ete proposees, mais aucune demarche d'analyse ne s'est encore penchee sur la maniere dont les premiers ministres du Canada arrivent a surmonter le manque d'information associe a la nomination de ministres sans experience. Comment les premiers ministres peuvent-ils etre certains d'avoir fait le bon choix? Cette etude scrute le sujet en evaluant le coefficient de survie, en cas de remaniement ministeriel, pour les ministres du Conseil potentiels, mais pas encore mandates, advenant que ces derniers survivent a certains jalons politiques precis. Ces taux de survie font partie integrante d'un modele de repartition des nominations ministerielles qui sont survenues a la suite de quatre elections generales (1957, 1979, 1984 et 2006) ou le premier ministre a du constituer un Conseil des ministres compose de neophytes.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the French-language scholars' place in Canadian foreign policy and compared their productions in French and in English (output) and the citations to this output (impact) in works by English language scholars.
Abstract: . This study analyses the French-language scholars' place in Canadian foreign policy. More precisely, it measures and compares their productions in French and in English (output) and the citations to this output (impact) in works by English-language scholars. The output is measured using the Canadian Foreign Relations Index. Then a representative sample of bibliographies taken from books and articles written by English-language scholars and published between 1997 and 2007 is analyzed. Various conclusions on the place of French and French-language scholars in the field are drawn from these data, including their small contribution to Canadian foreign policy and the absence of citations to works in French by English-language scholars. Political implications of the results are discussed.Resume. Cette analyse examine la place des chercheurs francophones dans l'etude de la politique etrangere canadienne. Plus precisement, elle mesure et compare leurs publications en francais et en anglais (la production) et les citations tirees de cette production (l'incidence) que l'on retrouve dans les travaux des chercheurs anglophones. La production est mesuree a l'aide du Canadian Foreign Relations Index. Puis un echantillon representatif de bibliographies de travaux anglophones publies entre 1997 et 2007 est analyse. Ces donnees permettent de tirer diverses conclusions sur la place du francais et des chercheurs francophones dans ce champ d'etude. Il apparait, notamment, que la contribution des francophones au domaine de la politique etrangere canadienne est reduite et que les chercheurs anglophones ne citent pratiquement jamais les travaux en francais. Les auteurs degagent, en conclusion, les consequences politiques de ces resultats.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors trace the financial flows into and within the four major Canadian political parties from 2004 to 2007 with a view to identifying the model of party organization that these flows indicate.
Abstract: . Based on an examination of constitutional and other party documents, Canadian political parties have been described as stratarchically organized (Carty, 2002). We identify four models of internal party financial flows that correspond to different models of internal party organization. We then trace the financial flows into and within the four major Canadian political parties from 2004 to 2007 with a view to identifying the model of party organization that these flows indicate. Our evidence in some respects supports Carty's assertion that Canadian parties are stratarchically organized, but it also suggests that changes to the regulatory regime governing political finance have contributed to a centralization of power at the level of the national party and at the expense of candidates and local associations. This centralizing tendency is significant, as it may disrupt the bargain that underlies the stratarchical organization of Canadian parties.Resume. A la lumiere d'une revue des constitutions et de divers autres documents des partis politiques canadiens, ces derniers ont ete decrits comme etant organises de maniere stratarchique (Carty, 2002). Nous degageons quatre modeles de flux monetaires internes des partis qui correspondent a differents modeles d'organisation interne des partis politiques. Nous retracons les entrees de fonds des quatre principaux partis politiques canadiens et leur distribution interne de 2004 a 2007 en vue d'identifier le modele d'organisation de parti qui correspond a ces flux monetaires. Sous certains rapports, nos resultats appuient l'argument de Carty affirmant que les partis canadiens sont organises de maniere stratarchique, mais ils suggerent aussi que les changements apportes au regime regulateur gouvernant le financement politique ont contribue a une centralisation du pouvoir au niveau national des partis et ce aux depens des candidats et des associations locales. Cette tendance centralisatrice est importante, car elle peut rompre le compromis qui sous-tend l'organisation stratarchique des partis politiques canadiens.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The development of federalism in the context of the neoliberal era in the 2000s has partly created the conditions for a more stable co-operation between the federal and Quebec governments, contributing to the trend of separatism being sidelined in Quebec as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: . The development of federalism in the context of the neoliberal era in the 2000s has partly created the conditions for a more stable co-operation between the federal and Quebec governments, contributing to the trend of separatism being sidelined in Quebec. In the context of neoliberalism, federal–provincial agreements have created conditions for just enough asymmetry in the relationship between the federal government and Quebec, something that Quebec has historically demanded, for separatism to remain off the agenda. What separates this relationship from past ones is a significant change in the context whereby the neoliberal orientation is becoming the common currency for co-operation. If Canadian federalism continues its present course under neoliberalism without any major mishaps, for the first time since the divisive period of the 1990s and early 2000s, federal–Quebec relations likely will be stable without national unity crises of the kind that culminated in the 1980 and 1995 Quebec referenda on sovereignty.Resume. Le developpement du federalisme dans le contexte de l'ere neoliberale dans les annees 2000 a en partie cree les conditions pour une cooperation plus stable entre les gouvernements federal et quebecois, contribuant ainsi a la tendance du separatisme au Quebec d'etre marginalises. Dans le contexte du neoliberalisme, des ententes federales-provinciales ont cree les conditions pour un peu assez de relation asymetrique entre le gouvernement federal et du Quebec, quelque chose que le Quebec a toujours exige, au separatisme de rester hors l'ordre du jour. Ce qui separe cette relation de celles du passe est un changement significatif dans le contexte dans lequel l'orientation neo-liberale devient la monnaie commune pour la cooperation. Si le federalisme canadien continue son cours actuel sous le neoliberalisme sans encombre majeur, pour la premiere fois depuis la periode de division des annees 1990 et debut des annees 2000, les relations federales-Quebec probablement seront stable sans crises unite nationale du genre qui a culmine dans les annees 1980 et 1995 referendums sur la souverainete du Quebec.

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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate whether women lawyers face a more difficult time winning cases before the US Supreme Court than men, and they find that men are more likely to side with litigation teams with larger proportions of women lawyers.
Abstract: . Recent work by Szmer, Sarver, and Kaheny ( 2010 ) exploring US Supreme Court decision making has suggested that lawyer gender might play a role in influencing judicial voting behaviour. Specifically, while women lawyers were not revealed to have a more difficult time winning cases before the US Supreme Court, the study did suggest they face a tougher challenge in gaining support from the more conservative justices on that bench. Here, we test whether women lawyers face similar challenges before the SCC. Our findings do not reveal any disadvantage for litigation teams with larger proportions of women and, in most instances, such teams have an advantage. Specifically, in our model of civil rights and liberties votes, litigation team gender had no bearing on individual SCC justice decisions. However, in a pooled model of all issues combined and in separate models of criminal and economic votes, SCC justices were more likely to side with litigation teams with larger proportions of women lawyers. Resume. Une etude recente de Szmer, Sarver et Kaheny ( 2010 ) explore la maniere dont la Cour supreme des Etats-Unis prend ses decisions, suggerant que le sexe des avocats pourrait avoir une influence sur le comportement decisionnel des juges. Plus specifiquement, bien que les avocates n'aient pas plus de difficulte que leurs collegues masculins a gagner leurs proces a la Cour supreme des Etats-Unis, l'etude suggere que leur plus grand defi est d'obtenir le soutien des juges plus traditionnels de cette cour. Dans le present article, nous cherchons a determiner si les avocates canadiennes font face a un defi semblable a la Cour supreme du Canada. Les resultats de notre etude ne revelent aucun desavantage pour les equipes d'avocats comprenant plus de femmes et dans la plupart des cas, ces equipes beneficient meme d'un avantage. Plus precisement, dans notre modele decisionnel en matiere de droits et libertes civiles, le sexe des membres des equipes d'avocats n'avait aucune incidence sur les decisions individuelles des juges de la Cour supreme du Canada. Cependant, dans un modele commun reunissant tous les types de dossiers et dans des modeles separes pour les decisions sur des dossiers criminels et financiers, les juges de la Cour supreme du Canada etaient plus enclins a prendre parti pour des equipes comportant une plus grande proportion d'avocates.

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TL;DR: In this paper, a comparative case study of a series of semi-structured interviews with a range of actors, written public submissions, and official reports is presented to understand why some elites are inclined to empower members of their affected publics.
Abstract: . In recent years, elites in the Canadian Nuclear Waste Management Organization (NWMO), Nova Scotia Power Incorporated (NSP) and Toronto Community Housing Corporation (TCHC) held consultations based on principles of deliberative democracy with members of their affected publics. I explore five factors that may help us understand why some elites are inclined to empower members of their affected publics. These factors can be understood as characteristics of each policy context and include normative principle, public pressure, policy requirement, strategic management interest, and economic interest. Based on a comparative case study of a series of semi-structured interviews with a range of actors, written public submissions, and official reports, I identify these as pertinent factors and argue that the convergence of the economic interests of the organization and the deliberative empowerment of its affected public is critical. This examination serves constructively in helping us better understand a persistent gap between the theoretical aims and practical instantiations of deliberative democracy.Resume. Au cours des dernieres annees, les elites dirigeantes de la Societe canadienne de gestion des dechets nucleaires, de la Nova Scotia Power Inc. et de la Societe de logement communautaire de Toronto ont tenu des seances de consultation fondees sur les principes de la democratie deliberative avec les membres concernes par leurs politiques. J'examine cinq facteurs qui peuvent nous aider a mieux comprendre pourquoi certains decideurs sont enclins a reconnaitre un droit de regard aux membres touches par leurs politiques. Ces facteurs peuvent etre analyses en tant que caracteristiques des contextes particuliers de chaque politique concernee et incluent les dimensions liees aux principes normatifs, aux pressions publiques, au contenu des politiques, a la gestion strategique des interets et aux enjeux economiques. A l'aide d'une etude comparative de cas comprenant des entretiens semi-diriges avec divers acteurs, des soumissions publiques ecrites et des rapports officiels, je presente ces dimensions a titre de facteurs pertinents et soutiens que la convergence des interets economiques des organisations et le pouvoir de deliberation accorde au public concerne revetent une importance cruciale. Cet examen se revele constructif et nous aide a mieux comprendre le fosse persistant entre les finalites theoriques et la mise en pratique de la democratie deliberative.

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TL;DR: The authors argue that the death of Jordan Manners acted as a focusing event that triggered concern regarding school safety and the challenges facing Black youth in Toronto, altering the policy climate and opening a window of opportunity for change.
Abstract: . In January 2008, the Toronto District School Board (TDSB) voted to establish Afrocentric education. Earlier proposals dating back to the early 1990s, however, garnered little response from the board. Why was the TDSB suddenly more amenable to the idea? We argue that the death of Jordan Manners acted as a focusing event that triggered concern regarding school safety and the challenges facing Black youth in Toronto, altering the policy climate and opening a window of opportunity for change. This analysis furthers conceptualizations of the connections between focusing events, policy entrepreneurs, the viability of alternative proposals, and the catalysts that facilitate policy change.Resume. En janvier 2008, le Conseil Scolaire du District de Toronto (CSDT) a vote en faveur de l'etablissement d'un programme d'education afro-centree. Des propositions precedentes remontant au debut des annees 1990 avaient suscite peu d'interet de la part du Conseil. Pourquoi le CSDT s'est-il soudainement montre receptif a cette idee? Nous considerons que le deces de Jordan Manners a servi d'episode marquant qui a suscite de fortes preoccupations quant a la securite a l'ecole et aux defis auxquels font face les jeunes noirs a Toronto. Cet evenement marquant a contribue a modifier le climat politique et a ouvrir une fenetre d'opportunite propice au changement. Cette analyse conceptualise de plus les liens entre episodes marquants, entrepreneurs politiques, la viabilite de differentes propositions et les catalyseurs qui facilitent le changement politique.

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TL;DR: The authors examine the findings and recommendations of the commission of inquiry into the death of Neil Stonechild to show how certain stories were told (or not) through legal narratives, and how, in such a judicial forum, specific narratives were framed as more legitimate than others.
Abstract: . Employing a critical race methodology focused on the notion of law as a hegemonic form of truth telling, I examine the findings and recommendations of the commission of inquiry into the death of Neil Stonechild to show how certain stories were told (or not) through legal narratives, and how, in such a judicial forum, specific narratives were framed as more legitimate than others. This forum reproduces colonial assumptions of the Aboriginal “other,” as deserving less priority in the realm of justice and the Aboriginal voice as illegitimate compared to legal actors, thereby weakening notions of equal access to justice in Canada. I argue that the Neil Stonechild inquiry, while important, falls short in advancing justice by failing to address underlying racial factors and motivations, thereby providing an incomplete picture of what happened. As a consequence, the dominant mythology of Canada as a non-racist nation remains unchallenged, to the detriment of meaningful social change.Resume. A l'aide d'une methodologie critique de la race axee sur la notion du droit comme facon hegemonique de dire la verite, j'examine les conclusions et les recommandations de la commission d'enquete sur la mort de Neil Stonechild afin de montrer comment certaines histoires ont ete racontees (ou pas) grâce au recit juridique et comment, dans un tel forum judiciaire, on a accorde une legitimite plus grande a certains recits. Ce forum reprend les suppositions coloniales sur «l'autre» autochtone, qui meriterait une priorite moindre dans le domaine de la justice, et sur la voix autochtone, qui serait illegitime comparativement a celle des acteurs juridiques, affaiblissant de ce fait les notions d'egalite d'acces a la justice au Canada. Je soutiens que l'enquete sur Neil Stonechild, bien qu'importante, ne reussit pas a faire avancer la justice, car les enqueteurs ne sont pas parvenus a aborder les facteurs et les motivations raciaux sous-jacents, donnant ainsi une image incomplete de ce qui s'est passe. Par consequent, la mythologie dominante voulant que le Canada ne soit pas une nation raciste demeure incontestee, au prejudice d'un changement social significatif.

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TL;DR: In this article, the authors compare the effect of the participation of different linguistic communities in the federal public service of Canada and Switzerland on the success of multilingualism in the public service.
Abstract: Resume. Sous l'angle du concept de bureaucratie representative, le present article compare la gestion des enjeux lies a la participation des differentes communautes linguistiques dans l'administration publique de deux Etats multilingues : le Canada et la Suisse. A la suite de la mobilisation politique autour du clivage linguistique, des strategies de promotion du plurilinguisme ont ete adoptees dans les deux pays. La strategie canadienne mise sur l'egalite de traitement des fonctionnaires anglophones et francophones. La Suisse poursuit quant a elle l'objectif de la representation des differentes communautes linguistiques dans la fonction publique. Ces differences de fond s'expliquent, entre autres, par la nature du regime linguistique en place et par le contexte de democratie consociationnelle en Suisse. La participation proportionnelle des communautes linguistiques au sein de l'administration federale est globalement atteinte dans les deux pays. Cependant, au niveau du fonctionnement interne, une logique de rationalite linguistique exerce une pression sur les groupes minoritaires pour qu'ils adoptent la langue majoritaire.Abstract. Drawing on the concept of representative bureaucracy, this article examines how two multi-lingual states—Canada and Switzerland—deal with issues related to the participation of different linguistic communities in the federal public service. Following a political mobilisation of the linguistic cleavage, strategies to promote multilingualism in the public service have been adopted in both countries. The Canadian strategy focuses on equal treatment of Anglophones and Francophones in the public service. In Switzerland, adequate representation of the linguistic communities is the primary goal. These differences are explained by the characteristics of the linguistic regimes in each of the two countries, as well as by the peculiarities of consociational democracy in Switzerland. In both countries, the linguistic origins of public administration staff, overall, mirrors the proportions of the linguistic communities in the wider society. Within administrative units, however, linguistic diversity is hampered by the logics of language rationality, where minorities are under pressure to communicate in the language of the majority.

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TL;DR: The Canadian Arctic is one of the most promising fields of enquiry for Canadian political scientists as discussed by the authors and it offers a host of fascinating research topics and intellectual puzzles, many of which entail the often fraught relationship between the Canadian state and Aboriginal peoples.
Abstract: . The North—defined as the Canadian Arctic—ranks among the most understudied and yet the most promising fields of enquiry for Canadian political scientists. It offers a host of fascinating research topics and intellectual puzzles, many of which entail the often fraught relationship between the Canadian state and Aboriginal peoples. Important conceptual issues await academics studying northern politics and governance. As well, political scientists' work can benefit the governments and the people of the North who are grappling with difficult practical problems as they develop distinctive ways of governing themselves. Academic work on northern politics can be at once intellectually stimulating, professionally rewarding and of significant practical utility. Accordingly, more Canadian political scientists, especially young scholars, should turn their attention northwards. Resume. Le Nord, ou plus precisement l'Arctique canadien, constitue un des champs les moins explores et pourtant les plus prometteurs pour les politologues canadiens. Son etude revele une foule de sujets de recherche fascinants et d'enigmes intellectuelles, dont plusieurs se rapportent aux relations souvent tendues entre l'Etat canadien et les peuples autochtones. D'importants enjeux conceptuels se posent aux chercheurs de la politique nordique et de la gouvernance. De plus, les recherches des politologues peuvent aider les gouvernements et les habitants du Nord a resoudre des problemes concrets associes au developpement de facons distinctives de se gouverner. En somme, la recherche sur la politique nordique peut etre a la fois intellectuellement stimulante, professionnellement gratifiante et pourvu d'une grande utilite pratique. En consequence, plus de politologues canadiens, et en particulier ceux des nouvelles generations, devraient diriger leur attention vers le Nord.

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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on Turkey and China, two important states that frequently are characterized as sui generis and possibly unsuited to comparative analysis in the context of any overarching theory.
Abstract: . Poliheuristic theory (PH) is an innovative attempt to conceptualize decision making in a way that recognizes patterns deriving from both cognitive and rational schools of thought about how foreign policy is made. Crisis decision making, a setting in which the political aspects emphasized by PH can be expected to operate, is the subject of this article. The study focuses on Turkey and China, two important states that frequently are characterized as sui generis and possibly unsuited to comparative analysis in the context of any overarching theory. As will become apparent, PH is capable of explaining crisis decision making for China and Turkey and the common pattern we explore is perhaps only the tip of the iceberg when it comes to cross-national application of the theory within the crisis domain.Resume. La theorie poliheuristique (PH) est une tentative novatrice de concevoir la prise de decision en reconnaissant l'apport des modes de comportement issus des ecoles de pensee cognitive et rationnelle. Cet article porte sur la politique etrangere en temps de crise et offre un cadre politique au sein duquel les modes de comportement identifies par la theorie poliheuristique devraient normalement operer. Plus particulierement, l'etude se concentre sur le cas de la Chine et de la Turquie, deux Etats souvent consideres comme singuliers et possiblement inadaptes a l'analyse theorique de la politique etrangere comparee. Toutefois, comme cet article le demontre, la PH est en mesure d'expliquer de maniere comparee la prise de decision de la Chine et de la Turquie en temps de crise. Les conclusions de recherche laissent penser que cette etude pourrait bien etre le prelude de nombreuses recherches employant la PH dans le domaine de la politique etrangere comparee en temps de crise.

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TL;DR: In this article, the authors tried to determine the actual influence that the economy had on Quebeckers' vote choice in that election, with the use of survey data collected in December 2008.
Abstract: Resume. En declenchant une election provinciale anticipee a l'automne 2008 en pleine crise financiere, le premier ministre du Quebec, Jean Charest, fit le pari que la population reelirait son gouvernement en raison de sa competence a gerer la «tempete economique» qui s'annoncait. Cet article cherche a determiner le poids de la variable economique dans les choix electoraux lors de ce scrutin en exploitant les donnees d'une enquete d'opinion menee en decembre 2008. Ces donnees permettent notamment de verifier a quel point le «vote economique» lors de cette election en fut un de nature traditionnelle, c'est-a-dire s'appuyant sur les evaluations retrospectives de l'economie de la part des votants, ou plutot un de nature prospective, reposant sur les perceptions de la competence des partis a gerer la crise economique annoncee. Nous analysons egalement l'effet particulier exerce sur le vote par l'enjeu des pertes de la Caisse de depot et placement du Quebec.Abstract. By calling an early election in the fall of 2008 in the midst of a financial crisis, Quebec Premier Jean Charest hoped that the population would re-elect his government on the basis of its competence at dealing with the upcoming “economic storm.” This article attempts to determine the actual influence that the economy had on Quebeckers' vote choice in that election, with the use of survey data collected in December 2008. The data allows us to verify whether “economic voting” in that election was of a traditional nature, that is based on retrospective assessments of economic conditions, or was more prospective in nature, that is based on perceptions of the parties' competence at managing the economic crisis that would soon follow. The impact on the vote of the issue of the Caisse de depot et placement du Quebec's losses is also analyzed.

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TL;DR: This article examined how CBC's Sounds Like Canada and Corus Radio Network's Adler Online work to reproduce colonialism in Canada through formation of colonial subjectivity through analysis of listener experience informed by postcolonial theory, and the work of Deleuze and Guattari.
Abstract: . This paper examines how two talk radio programs—CBC's Sounds Like Canada and Corus Radio Network's Adler Online —work to reproduce colonialism in Canada through formation of colonial subjectivity. It proceeds through analysis of listener experience informed by postcolonial theory, and the work of Deleuze and Guattari. The mobilization of affective states by these programs, specifically sympathy and outrage, has important implications for how colonialism continues to dictate many of the terms of Canadian political discourse. If colonialism continues to be reproduced in our daily interactions with the media, this poses serious threats to Canadian multiculturalism and to the potential for realizing Aboriginal political goals. Resume. Cet article explore la maniere dont deux emissions-debats radiophoniques ( Sounds Like Canada de CBC ainsi que Adler Online du reseau Corus Radio) participent a la reproduction du colonialisme au Canada en renforcant la formation d'une subjectivite coloniale. Cette recherche propose une analyse de l'experience d'un auditeur developpee conjointement avec les theories postcoloniales et les oeuvres de Deleuze et Guattari. La mobilisation d'etats affectifs, plus precisement la sympathie ou l'indignation, qu'engendre l'ecoute de ces emissions-debats a de nombreuses implications sur la facon dont le colonialisme continue de dicter plusieurs elements cles du discours politique canadien. La perpetuation du colonialisme au cours de nos interactions quotidiennes avec les medias pose un risque non negligeable pour le multiculturalisme canadien et pour l'atteinte eventuelle des objectifs politiques des communautes autochtones.

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TL;DR: In this article, the degree of variance of local campaign intensity at the constituency level in the Liberal and New Democratic parties in the 2008 Canadian federal election and consider the variables that may explain this variance.
Abstract: . There is considerable evidence that local campaign activity is positively related both to a party's constituency level vote share and to voter participation rates. In this article we consider the degree of variance of local campaign intensity at the constituency level in the Liberal and New Democratic parties in the 2008 Canadian federal election and consider the variables that may explain this variance. Utilizing data collected through a post-election mail-back survey of candidates, we find significant variance in local campaign activity and identify six factors that influence it. These are an objective measure of the local candidate's chance for victory in the constituency, the candidate's subjective view of their chances, whether the candidate was challenged for the local nomination, how involved the candidate is in his/her local community, whether the candidate contested the prior election and whether party notables from outside the constituency campaigned in the riding. Resume. Les preuves sont considerables au fait que l'activite dans les campagnes locales correspond a la part des votes dans la circonscription electorale ainsi qu'a la participation electorale. Dans cet article nous considerons le degre de variance de l'intensite des campagnes locales des partis Liberal et Nouveau Democratique durant l'election federale Canadienne 2008 et examinons les donnees qui expliquent la variation. En utilisant les donnees recueillies par des questionnaires postelectoraux des candidats retournes par la poste, nous trouvons une variance significative dans l'activite des campagnes locales et nous identifions six facteurs qui l'influencent. Ils sont: une mesure objective des chances de victoire du candidat, l'impression subjective du candidat de ses chances de gagner, si le candidat etait mis au defi dans la nomination locale, la participation du candidat dans sa communaute locale, si le candidat avait conteste l'election precedente, et si les notables du parti en dehors de la circonscription faisaient campagne pour le candidat dans sa circonscription.

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TL;DR: In this paper, Simard et al. describe a set of idées politiques which cristallisent the antagonismes and polarisent les conflits de sens.
Abstract: du “sérieux de la mort”» ~«Carl Schmitt à l’index?» le débat, no 131, 2004, 136!. Si l’on s’est fait l’écho de ces discussions, c’est pour souligner un point de méthode qui ajoute à la qualité de l’ouvrage. Les idées politiques dont il s’agit d’écrire l’histoire sont par nature plongées dans la «polémicité». Imbriquées dans des rapports de force, elles voient «leur signification suspendue à une suite d’investissements pratiques, d’inflexions et d’appropriation» ~15!. C’est pourquoi l’un des écueils classiques consiste à rabattre les textes sur les contextes dont ils ne seraient que l’expression instrumentale. Cette difficulté est redoublée dans le cas présent si l’on s’accorde avec Karl Lowith – ses fines analyses du nihilisme antinihiliste de Schmitt sont citées dans La loi désarmée – sur la dimension «essentiellement polémique» des arguments du conseiller d’État dont la justesse ne reposerait que «sur ce contre quoi ils sont dirigés», à savoir l’État libéral du dix-neuvième siècle.4 Proposant une lecture des textes historiquement située, sensible aux évolutions, tournants ou inflexions, Augustin Simard nous emmène dans un voyage qui n’est «ni antiquaire, ni idéaliste», en nous donnant accès à une compréhension profonde des contenus de l’œuvre. Autrement dit, il se livre à une histoire des concepts, contextualisée, mais non réductionniste. Empruntant à Ernst-Wolfgang Böckenförde le terme de notion sas ~Schleusenbergriff !, ces notions qui cristallisent les antagonismes et polarisent les conflits de sens, il souligne que «ce qui est politique au sens éminent, c’est toujours le conflit des interprétations». La dichotomie légitimité 0 légalité est évidemment politique en ce sens, tout comme le sont sur un autre plan aussi les déformations contrôlées ou les renversements de perspective que subit l’oeuvre wébérienne dans le contexte crépusculaire de Weimar. Nul doute qu’une telle approche nourrira d’autres recherches à venir.

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TL;DR: The authors examine the controversy surrounding Quebec's "Ethics and Religious Culture" course within a framework that seeks to put the interest of children first, as well as how the religious rights of parents and children might be understood in this context.
Abstract: . Until very recently, the “orthodox” liberal view had assumed that the right to the profession and practice of one's own religious values encompassed the right to instil particular religious values in one's children. This view has been challenged by sustained analysis of the role of children within liberal theory, given the basic tenet of the equal moral worth of persons. This strand of liberal thought questions the extent to which parental rights to direct children's upbringing can include a right to form children's basic value sets. With this challenge comes a stronger basis from which to also challenge the idea that parents may legitimately oppose certain aspects of the state-mandated curriculum on the basis that such education may impinge on the values they wish to instil in their children. This paper will examine the controversy surrounding Quebec's “Ethics and Religious Culture” course within a framework that seeks to put the interest of children first, as well as how the religious rights of parents and children might be understood in this context.Resume. Naguere, l'opinion liberale voulait que le droit a la pratique et a la profession de sa propre religion et de ses valeurs comprit le droit d'inculquer ces valeurs religieuses a ses enfants. Depuis un certain temps, cette position est remise en question a la lumiere d'une analyse soutenue des droits de l'enfant, vu la primaute du tenant de l'egalite morale de tous les individus dans la pensee liberale contemporaine. Selon cette analyse, il n'est pas acquis que le droit du parent de voir a la formation de l'enfant comprenne le droit de lui imposer des valeurs de base particulieres. Cette remise en question donne lieu a une reevaluation plus concrete du droit des parents de s'opposer a certains aspects du programme d'etudes etabli par le gouvernement sous pretexte que ceux-ci nuiraient a leur droit d'inculquer des valeurs particulieres a leurs enfants. La controverse au sujet du cours d'ethique et de culture religieuse au Quebec est revue dans un contexte qui place en priorite le droit de l'enfant. Il est question du rapport entre les droits des parents et ceux des enfants concernant la religion et l'education religieuse.

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TL;DR: In this paper, the impact of legal instruments on public policy of memory in contemporary France is analyzed, showing how legal instruments can develop specific effects on the politics of memory that were not originally foreseen.
Abstract: Resume. Notre contribution vise a analyser l'impact des instruments juridiques sur la fabrique des politiques publiques de la memoire dans la France contemporaine. Il s'agit de montrer en quoi les instruments juridiques peuvent developper des effets propres sur les politiques de la memoire qui n'etaient pas prevus initialement. C'est le cas lorsque la Cour de cassation decide, lors du proces Barbie en 1983, de donner une extension juridique a la notion de crime contre l'humanite, qui va au-dela de la reconnaissance des crimes perpetres durant le judeocide. La reconnaissance originaire de la memoire de la Shoah, adossee juridiquement a la notion d'imprescriptibilite du crime contre l'humanite, tient lieu de matrice cognitive pour la defense d'autres causes memorielles (memoire de l'esclavage et reconnaissance du genocide armenien, entre autres).Abstract. Our contribution aims at analyzing the impact of legal instruments on public policy of memory in contemporary France. This is to show how legal instruments can develop specific effects on the politics of memory that were not originally foreseen. This is the case when “La Cour de Cassation” decided, at the Klaus Barbie trial in 1983, to give an extension to the legal concept of crimes against humanity that goes beyond the recognition of crimes perpetrated during the Holocaust. The recognition memory of the Holocaust, legally backed at the notion of crimes against humanity, acts as a cognitive matrix for the defense of other memories (memory of slavery, recognition of the Armenian Genocide …).

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TL;DR: This paper investigated the extent to which the environment is a left-right issue in the minds of Canadian citizens and assessed the effect of environmental concern on citizens' views of political parties and whether this issue tends to operate as a positional or valence issue in differentiating political parties.
Abstract: Concern about the environment has grown around the world Important work has assessed the correlates of support for the environment and its relationship to values (for example, Inglehart, 1995) Recent comparative work on political party positioning demonstrates how the issue has increasingly taken on a left–right dimension (Dalton, 2009) Filling a void in the literature, this paper explores how and whether the environmental issue has been incorporated into the ideological space of Canadian citizens and reflected in the views of the major political parties outside of Quebec In particular, we first consider the extent to which the environment is a left–right issue in the minds of Canadian citizens We follow this by assessing the effect of environmental concern on citizens' views of political parties and whether this issue tends to operate as a positional or valence issue in differentiating political parties We use the Canadian Election Studies from 2000–2006 to address these research questions empiricallyResume L'interet pour la protection de l'environnement s'est intensifie autour du monde Des recherches ont ete menees sur la correlation entre l'ideologie et la protection de l'environnement (par exemple, Inglehart 1995) Une etude recente sur le positionnement des partis politiques en matiere d'environnement demontre que la question prend de plus en plus une dimension gauche–droite (Dalton 2009) Dans le but de combler un manque dans la litterature, cet article tente d'etablir dans quelle mesure l'environnement a effectivement ete integre dans l'espace ideologique des citoyens canadiens et se reflete dans l'opinion sur les principaux partis politiques a l'exterieur du Quebec Nous examinons d'abord jusqu'a quel point l'environnement est considere par les Canadiens comme un enjeu politique de gauche ou de droite Nous evaluons ensuite l'effet de cet interet pour l'environnement sur l'opinion des citoyens canadiens a l'egard des partis politiques en vue de determiner s'il s'agit la d'un enjeu de valeur ou d'un enjeu positionnel dans les choix politiques et electoraux Nous appuyons empiriquement notre etude sur les donnees de l'Etude electorale canadienne de 2000 a 2006