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Showing papers in "Canadian Journal of Sociology in 2019"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors explored the experiences of African Nova Scotian women in relation to the police and found that participants did not trust the police, felt targeted by police, and did not feel protected by the police.
Abstract: This case study explores the experiences of African Nova Scotian women in relation to the police. Three semi-structured interviews were conducted with Black women living in a rural Nova Scotian community with a well-documented history of confrontations between the police and the Black community. Interviews explored their experiences with the police, their community’s experiences with the police, and their relationship with the police. My analysis revealed that participants did not trust the police, felt targeted by the police, and did not feel protected by the police. Their perceptions of the police were shaped by their own interactions with the police – often as Black mothers – and the experiences of the Black men in their lives in rural Nova Scotia. Some had engaged in active resistance and protection of their community. This article explores how anti-Blackness affects Black women directly and indirectly, contributing to the existing scholarship about over-policing of Black communities.

13 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a mixed-method approach involving both one-way analysis of variance, two-way mixed design analysis, and semi-structured interviews was used to investigate how science policy has transformed editorial practices at Polish journals and found that the editors do not discuss the challenges of internationalization, and implement only those internationalization practices that are explicitly required in the system regulations.
Abstract: This article discusses the transformations of Polish journals caused by the Polish Journal Ranking evaluation system. We focused on the internationalization of journals in the social sciences and humanities (N = 801), with the goal of investigating how science policy has transformed editorial practices at Polish journals. We used a mixed-method approach involving both one-way analysis of variance, two-way mixed design analysis of variance, and semi-structured interviews. Our findings showed that science policy has transformed editorial practices, but that there is no actual internationalization in Polish social sciences and humanities journals. Rather, there is only the ostensible internationalization that manifests in “gaming” the journal evaluation system. We found that the editors of Polish journals do not discuss the challenges of internationalization, and implement only those internationalization practices that are explicitly required in the system regulations. We conclude with recommendations for how to motivate the internationalization of journals and stem the corruption of parameters measuring internationalization.

12 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper explored early childhood educators' perceptions on how power relations are shaped by interactions between themselves, children, and the material environment, and found that power circulates between bodies and spatialities, in the complex interactions between individuals and the physical spaces they encounter.
Abstract: This paper addresses early childhood educators’ perceptions on how power relations are shaped by interactions between themselves, children, and the material environment. In a qualitative three-phase case study I explored educators’ perceptions on how power relations are enacted within one preschool classroom in Southern Ontario, and how power relations are affected when educators conceptualize the environment through the perspective of space and place. Drawing on reconceptualist theory in early childhood education, children’s spatialities, and Michel Foucault’s work on power in society, I suggest that power circulates between bodies and spatialities, in the complex interactions between individuals and the physical spaces they encounter. The findings suggest that while early childhood educators may understand intuitively the demarcation between space and place, external constraints – real or perceived – are barriers to change. I argue that shifting philosophical and pedagogical stances in early childhood education have resulted in two binarized positions, where philosophy and pedagogy are frequently understood as either child-centred, or teacher-directed orientations and that troubling the binary by thinking with place can help refigure power relations between educators and young children. The conceptual distinction between thinking of early childhood classrooms as space or place is significant and I argue that viewing the environment as place is one possible way educators can reconceptualize traditionally hierarchical and binarized power dynamics between themselves and young children.

10 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine common understandings of sexuality and sexual agency among heterosexual Black men in Toronto, based on focus groups and in-depth interviews conducted for the qualitative arm of the broader weSpeak project, a mixed-methods study designed to engage and support heterosexual men in Ontario, Canada, in living more holistically healthy lives.
Abstract: This article critically examines common understandings of sexuality and sexual agency among heterosexual Black men in Toronto. The findings are based on focus groups and in-depth interviews conducted for the qualitative arm of the broader weSpeak project, a mixed-methods study designed to engage and support heterosexual Black men in Ontario, Canada, in living more holistically healthy lives. Focus groups and in-depth interviews with 69 self-identified heterosexual Black men focused on vulnerability and resilience to HIV, but participants also shared their complex experiences and perspectives related to sexuality and sexual agency, especially in the context of systemic and structural conditions that affect their wellbeing. This article provides excerpts from their narratives to illustrate the complexities and emergent possibilities related to sexuality and sexual agency among heterosexual Black men, which may open up new ways of approaching HIV prevention and health promotion.

9 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats faced by Spanish humanities journals and explores the role these journals play as tools for the transmission of research against a global academia.
Abstract: This paper analyses the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOTs) faced by Spanish humanities journals and explores the role these journals play as tools for the transmission of research against a global academia. The dataset is comprised of the replies to twenty semi-structured surveys that were administered among ten editors of Spanish journals in the area of the humanities and ten Spanish humanities researchers with extensive publishing experience in national and international journals. Main findings are discussed in terms of internationality, predominance of English and Spanish as scientific languages, research assessment, visibility, credibility, quality assurance, editorial expertise or open access. Moreover, they point at far-reaching implications for both parties, compelled to seeking academic acceptance and researching credibility in today’s global scholarly communication while at the same time supporting the national science system through publication in national journals.

7 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored the effects of accountability, liability, and capacity of scientific research on the example of publication and citation patterns of Serbian scholars and revealed a form of latent conflict between the accustomed publishing behavior in social sciences and humanities and the new dynamics of knowledge production.
Abstract: From the perspective of non-Anglophone countries, accountability, liability, and capacity of scientific research is often related to the process of internationalization. The article explores the effects of this process on the example of publication and citation patterns of Serbian scholars. Results of the analysis are mostly in line with the common conceptions about the differences among scientific disciplines. Authors in social sciences and humanities have manifested more nationally oriented publication and citation behavior, tendency to cite older literature, and stronger preference towards non-journal literature. However, huge individual differences among scholars and some inconsistencies between their publication and citation patterns, reveal a form of latent conflict between the accustomed publishing behavior in social sciences and humanities and the new dynamics of knowledge production. This conflict obscures the notion of typical or expected behavior of scholars in certain disciplines and has important implications for research evaluation. Scholars in social sciences and humanities were not so eager and successful in shifting their communication to the international arena. For them, national journals still play a crucial role in the “local” information exchange. But the question is how one transitional country that is facing serious structural challenges and weak economy can afford to support “locally relevant” research projects and whether national journals have become a mere tool for an ungainly customized research evaluation in the social sciences and humanities.

7 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored the ways that gendered and sexualized discourses of Blackness shape the lives of men and women in metro Vancouver and found that people who are racialized as Black or claim an African ethnic origin make up just over 1% of the population.
Abstract: Vancouver is one of the most diverse cities in North America, with 49% of the population identifying as people of colour. However, residents who are racialized as Black or claim an African ethnic origin make up just over 1% of the population. These residents may constitute a hyper-visible minority in the local context, but they are firmly embedded in discourses about Blackness that transcend local geographies. Based on interviews with 35 adult children of immigrants from sub-Saharan Africa, this paper explores some of the ways that gendered and sexualized discourses of Blackness shape the lives of men and women in metro Vancouver. Interactions in public spaces include challenges to competency, honesty, and respectability, while private lives are marked by differences in heterosexual desirability that enhance the romantic prospects of men and limit those of women. The following discussion illustrates that processes of racialization are simultaneously gendered and sexualized.

6 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Canadian Journal of Sociology as mentioned in this paper studies the dissemination of social science and humanities (SS&H) national literature and explores two key vehicles for dissemination of scholarly knowledge in those fields: journal articles and book reviews.
Abstract: This current issue of the Canadian Journal of Sociology studies the dissemination of social science and humanities (SS&H) national literature. Contemporary scientific exchanges—thanks to technology—are instant and global, and the pace of scientific production and dissemination has accelerated like never before in history. What are the consequences of these dramatic transformations for researchers working in SS&H? Two key vehicles for the dissemination of scholarly knowledge in those fields—journal articles and book reviews—are explored here. In particular, how do national journals fare in the new digitalized and globalized era?

5 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors examine how Chinese Canadian youth perceive media representation of Chinese people and how that perception affects their identity construction, and argue that media-initiated symbolic violence not only reproduces and reinforces racism institutionally and systemically but also contributes to the evolvement of a racialized habitus among ChineseCanadian youth.
Abstract: This study examines how Chinese Canadian youth perceive media representation of Chinese people and how that perception affects their identity construction. Drawing on Bourdieu and interview data with thirty-six first- and second-generation Chinese Canadian youth in Alberta, we discuss three themes of symbolic violence that Chinese youth experience in the media field. We argue that media-initiated symbolic violence not only reproduces and reinforces racism institutionally and systemically but also contributes to the evolvement of a racialized habitus among Chinese Canadian youth. It affects Chinese Canadian youth’s construction of a positive Chinese identity, and at the same time their perceptions as “real” Canadians in the country that they view as home.

5 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Carl E. James1
TL;DR: Using a combination of critical race theory and positioning theory, this paper presented the results of a 2018 focus group of middle school male students residing in an outer suburb of the Greater Toronto Area.
Abstract: Studies of Black students’ schooling experiences and educational outcomes have consistently shown that compared to their peers, they – especially males – tend to underperform academically, be more athletically engaged, and be streamed into non-academic educational programs. These studies tend to focus on high school students, but what of middle school students: is the situation any different? Using a combination of critical race theory and positioning theory, this article presents the results of a 2018 focus group of middle school male students residing in an outer suburb of the Greater Toronto Area. The findings reveal how the nine participants positioned themselves, and were positioned by their teachers, for an education that would enable them to enter high school and become academically successful. Some participants felt that teachers had constructs of them as underperformers, athletes, and troublemakers; others believed teachers saw them as ‘regular students’ and treated them accordingly by supporting their academic and extracurricular activities. How these students read educators’ perceptions of them informed their positioning responses: some adjusted and others resisted. Our findings highlight the urgent need to support Black students in culturally relevant ways during the transition schooling years so that they enter high school ready to meet the social, academic, and pedagogical challenges they will face, graduate, and realize their post high school ambitions.

5 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed books on Canada, United Kingdom and United States and their reviewers and found that book reviews are decreasing in importance in all disciplines, especially those where books have historically been peripheral.
Abstract: Books and their reviews have been historically central to knowledge dissemination in the social sciences and humanities. Despite this perceive importance, few studies have assessed the relative importance of these document types in the dissemination of knowledge. This paper aims at better understanding the place of book reviews in the scholarly communication system and to shed light--through the analysis of books on Canada, United Kingdom and United States and their reviewers--on the international circulation of ideas in the social sciences and humanities. Based on 1,675,999 book reviews indexed in the Social Science Citation Index and Arts and Humanities Citation Index over the 1975-2016 period, our results show that book reviews are decreasing in importance in all disciplines—especially those where books have historically been peripheral. We also observe a high rate of homophily between reviewers and reviewed books, with researchers being primarily interested in the books that have been written by someone from their own country. Hence, despite the now widely held assumptions of the globalization of science, social science and humanities remains a highly localized activity.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Farrugia et al. as mentioned in this paper found that the spatial coding of gender relations in rural Newfoundland makes certain kinds of mobilities more intelligible and possible for young men, while constraining women's.
Abstract: Despite the popular representation of the masculine hero migrant (Ni Laoire, 2001), rural youth scholars have found that young men are more likely to stay on in their communities, while young women tend to be more mobile, leaving for education and better employment opportunities elsewhere (Corbett, 2007b; Lowe, 2015). Taking a spatialized approach (Farrugia, Smyth & Harrison, 2014), we contribute to and extend the rural youth studies scholarship on gender, mobilities and place by considering the case of young Newfoundlanders’ geographical mobilities in relation to male-dominated resource extraction industries. We draw on findings from two SSHRC-funded research projects, the Rural Youth and Recovery project, a subcomponent of the Community-University Research for Recovery Alliance (CURRA) and the Youth, Apprenticeship and Mobility project, a subcomponent of the On the Move Partnershi We argue that the spatial coding of gender relations in rural Newfoundland makes certain kinds of mobilities more intelligible and possible for young men, while constraining women’s. In other words, gender relations of rural places are “stretched out” (Farrugia et al., 2014) across space through the mobility practices of young men and women in relation to work in skilled trades and resource extraction industries. These “stretched out” gender relations are reproduced by the organisation of a sector that relies on a mobile workforce free from care and domestic work and familiar with manual work.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine the way youth negotiate belonging in two priority neighbourhoods (Malvern and Chester Li) in Toronto's east-end, and find that neighbourhoods are the very sites where youth negotiate differences and connections as they engage with peers, families, friends and residents.
Abstract: The objective of this study is to examine the way youth negotiate belonging in two priority neighbourhoods – Malvern and Chester Li – in Toronto’s east-end. It asks how youth experience belonging and negotiate difference in ‘priority neighbourhoods’. In what ways does space shape belonging and difference? In contrast to previous studies that are spatially decontextualized, I argue that neighbourhoods are the very sites where youth negotiate differences and connections as they engage with peers, families, friends and residents. The importance of space in studying youth’s sense of belonging is particularly valuable in Toronto where neighbourhoods are highly diverse and stratified. My work is inspired by Yuval-Davis’s (2006) notion of belonging and the politics of belonging and Bourdieu’s (1984) concepts of social field and habitus. I braid together a conceptual framework with the aim to achieve a more nuanced understanding of the ways power operates in the everyday context of ‘priority neighbourhoods’ and how processes of inclusion and exclusion and boundaries of belonging are demarcated.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors found that changes in occupational demand associated with the dot-com boom and what followed it have caused substantial shifts in the relative earnings of young male and female university graduates, and that differences in hours worked by gender contribute to the size and growth of the female earnings disadvantage.
Abstract: A number of mechanisms contribute to the gender earnings gap – both its level and trends in it. We focus on three of them: occupational demand, the cumulation of disadvantage that originates in the unequal domestic division of labour, and labour market statuses which also may originate in the domestic division of labour. We show that changes in occupational demand associated with the dot-com boom and what followed it have caused substantial shifts in the relative earnings of young male and female university graduates. We provide evidence of how one consequence of the domestic division of labour – differences in hours worked by gender - contribute to the size and growth of the female earnings disadvantage. And, even in our generally young sample, human capital accumulation is more likely to be disrupted for women than for men. We identify several methodological and substantive implications of our results.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A special issue focusing on the sociology of chilhdhood and youth in Canada is presented in this article, with the introduction of a special issue, "Sociology of Childefhood and Youth in Canada".
Abstract: This is the introduction to a special issue, focusing on the sociology of chilhdhood and youth in Canada.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a special issue, focusing on African Canadians, gender and sexuality, is presented, which adds to the body of empirical knowledge about gender and sexual identity and how they relate to identities, structures and systems within African Canadian communities.
Abstract: This is the introduction to a special issue, focusing on African Canadians, gender and sexuality. This special issue adds to the body of empirical knowledge about gender and sexuality and how they relate to identities, structures, and systems within African Canadian communities. All of the articles feature qualitative inquiries. These were conducted in Nova Scotia, Quebec, Ontario, and British Columbia and focused on education, policing, sexual agency and romantic relationships.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, des resultats preliminaires d'une recherche menee dans deux cegeps montrealais and ayant documente l’experience aux etudes de jeunes d'origine haitienne entre janvier 2017 and juin 2018.
Abstract: Cet article presente des resultats preliminaires d’une recherche menee dans deux cegeps montrealais et ayant documente l’experience aux etudes de jeunes d’origine haitienne entre janvier 2017 et juin 2018. Des entretiens individuels ont ete realises avec une trentaine d’etudiantes et etudiants ainsi qu’avec une vingtaine de membres du personnel des colleges (N=53). Bien que l’objectif de la recherche ne fut pas d’analyser explicitement les effets de l’appartenance de genre sur le rapport aux etudes, ces enjeux ont rapidement emerge du discours des participants, qui relevent des differences marquees dans les comportements et pratiques des etudiantes et etudiants sur le plan de l’orientation, de la mobilisation dans les etudes et de la sociabilite. Les jeunes femmes se distingueraient par leur niveau eleve d’engagement et un fort volontarisme, tandis que leurs pairs masculins sont presentes comme etant moins motives, moins perseverants et plus portes sur la sociabilite. Nous discutons des hypotheses evoquees par les membres du corps etudiant et du corps professionnel pour expliquer ces comportements differencies selon le genre. Nous mettons en evidence les effets croises du genre, de l’ethnicite et du milieu social sur la perseverance aux etudes postsecondaires des etudiantes et etudiants.