Showing papers in "Carbohydrate Polymers in 2004"

TL;DR: In this paper, various classes of chitosan derivatives and analytical methods to analyze them, the sorption mechanism, and structural analysis of the metal complexes by various methods are discussed.

TL;DR: In this paper, the thermal and mechanical properties of reinforced agro-materials have been investigated, which can be linked to interactions resulting in a decrease of starch chain mobility and to a regular reinforcing effect.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used FT-IR attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy for the fast characterization of cotton fabric scouring process, and the presence of pectins and/or waxes can also be probed by observation of carbonyl peak induced by the HCl vapor treatment on the fabric.

TL;DR: In this paper, carboxymethyl cellulose-g-polyacrylamide was synthesized by a ceric ion induced solution polymerization technique by varying the amount of catalyst and monomer, six different grades of graft copolymers were synthesized.

TL;DR: In this paper, the changes induced by thermal modification in the chemical structure of spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst], birch (Betula pendula), aspen (Populus tremula) and oak (Quercus robur) were studied by 13C CPMAS NMR spectroscopy.

TL;DR: In this article, five chitosan-zinc complexes with different zinc content were prepared and characterized by FT-IR, XRD, AAS and elemental analysis, and three possible structures corresponding to different chelate ratios were proposed and preliminarily complexation mechanisms were discussed.

TL;DR: The results showed that the sequential treatments were very effective on the fractionation of hemicelluloses from bagasse, and the extraction strength, such as alkali and H 2 O 2 concentration, had a great influence on the chemical and structural features of the hemicellular structures as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this paper, three kinds of partially deacetylated hetero-chitosans (90, 75 and 50% chitosan) were prepared, and their scavenging activities were investigated against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, alkyl radical, hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical using electron spin resonance spectrometer.

TL;DR: In this paper, Yam starch films were obtained by casting and the effect of different film thicknesses and concentrations of glycerol (1.30, 1.65 and 2.00% w/w) were evaluated.

TL;DR: In this paper, a fiber-reactive chitosan derivative, O-acrylamidomethyl-N-[(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium)propyl] chitosaan chloride (NMA-HTCC), was applied to cotton fabrics by a cold pad-batch method in the presence of an alkaline catalyst to evaluate its use as a durable antimicrobial textile finish.

TL;DR: In this article, a review of the current knowledge on starch biosynthesis is discussed, including the function of the rice biosynthetic enzymes (i.e., adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylases, synthases, branching and debranching enzymes), the effect of mutations on rice starch structure and, (iii) models for amylose and amylopectin synthesis.

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of microwave pretreatment of fruit raw material on some physical properties of the orange tissue was investigated and it was found that microwave heating led to destruction of the parenchymal cells.

TL;DR: In this article, polysaccharides-based membranes of chitosan and cellulose blends were prepared using trifluoroacetic acid as a co-solvent.

TL;DR: In this paper, the degree of substitution (DS) is an important parameter when assessing the conversion of chitin into one of its derivates, and FT-IR spectroscopy is a relatively easy but indirect way of determining the DS.

TL;DR: In this paper, a response surface methodology was applied on the results to identify the blend with the best mechanical properties and lowest water vapor transmission, and the crosslinking effect of glutaraldehyde in the films can be observed.

TL;DR: In this paper, a series of starch esters with different side-chain lengths and moderate DS-values were prepared and studied by acylation of the gelatinised starch with the appropriate acid chloride in 2.5 M aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution.

TL;DR: The dominant structure of Krueo Ma Noy pectin was established as a 1,4-linked α-d -galacturonan by a combination of carboxyl reduction and methylation analysis, and confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy.

TL;DR: The overall aims of maximising chitosan content (in order to provide satisfactory antibacterial activity) whilst retaining desirable physical properties (i.e satisfactory textile processing ability) were achieved, with respect to the fibres having potential application as wound dressing materials.

TL;DR: In this paper, the suitability of TGA/IR method for the analysis of the degree of substitution (DS) of acetylated starch (SA) was assessed, and the results were at the same precision level as the results of the hydrolysis and 1H NMR methods.

TL;DR: In this article, the breakage of 1,4-β-d -glucoside bonds of chitosan leads to the depolymerization of the material.

TL;DR: In this article, the thermal and rheological properties of water-free TPS (glycerol content 29-40%) prepared in the first half of a TSE using the above approach was analyzed.

TL;DR: This paper found that dialdehyde cellulose (DAC) prepared by periodate oxidation of cellulose dissolves in hot water, and examined the extent of decomposition during solubilization.

TL;DR: In this paper, several plasticizers containing amide groups for thermoplastic starch (TPS) were studied with the reference of glycerol in order to study the effects of water contents on mechanical properties of TPS.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of moisture content on the mechanical properties of composite foams was investigated and it was shown that the flexural strength and flexural modulus of elasticity appeared to be markedly improved with addition of 5-10% by weight of the fibers.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the composition of units of amylopectin of waxy maize and amylose-free potato starch (PAPS) for their compositions of categories of unit chains, and the original distributions of A and B-chains were traced and the chains were grouped into characteristic categories.

TL;DR: The extent of hydroxypropylation measured as molar substitution differed significantly among the starches from different potato cultivars as mentioned in this paper, while a substantial decrease in the same was observed for native starches.

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of galactomannan, a plant polysaccharide widely distributed in nature, on the physicochemical properties of collagen films were studied using infrared spectroscopy, dielectric analysis, thermal analysis, swelling and scanning electron microscopy, with possible applications in biomedical, cosmetic and food industry.

TL;DR: In this paper, the intrinsic functional properties (viscosity and glass transition temperature) of three corn maltodextrins (and their mixtures) in various amount of water are predicted from the molecular weight distribution.

TL;DR: In this article, the interactions between water and starch during gelatinization as affected by water content, maximum heating temperature and amylopectin crystallinity pattern were investigated by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and 1H NMR relaxation DSC was used to measure additional unfrozen water (AUW) arising from gelatinization, reflecting enhanced water-starch interactions, and enthalpy of gelatinization (ΔHgel).

TL;DR: In this paper, amylose fractions of different peak degree of polymerisation (DP) were complexed with docosanoic acid (C22) and glyceryl monostearate (GMS) at 60 and 90 °C.