Showing papers in "Carbohydrate Research in 2010"

TL;DR: A 'pseudo bridged' unidentate coordination with intermolecular hydrogen bonds is proposed for the metal-carboxylate complexes in polyguluronic regions while for the polymannuronic region the bidentate bridging coordination was proposed.

TL;DR: This review paper provides a structured, comprehensive overview of the knowledge accumulated over the years with regard to PME and PMEI and attention is paid to both well-established and novel data concerning their occurrence, polymorphism and physicochemical properties.

TL;DR: The results showed that the ZnO content had an effect on the mechanical properties of CS/nano-ZnO composite membranes, and that the antibacterial activities of CS membranes for Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus were enhanced by the incorporation of ZNO.

TL;DR: A limited degree (typically 1-20%) of periodate oxidation of polysaccharides may give rise to derivatives with entirely altered chemical and physical properties, including highly flexible 'hinges' in otherwise rather semiflexible or rigid structures.

TL;DR: Individual pectin polymers and complexes, isolated from the pericarp of unripe tomato, were subjected to a mild acid hydrolysis and visualised and characterised by atomic force microscopy, suggesting that rhamnose, arabinose and galactose are not the major components of the individual polymers but are, instead, confined to the complexes.

TL;DR: Hydrophobic association does indeed favor a crystal-like structure over solution, as might be expected, and hydrogen bonding also favored the crystal packing, possibly in part because of the high entropic cost for hydrating glucose hydroxyl groups, which significantly restricts the configurational freedom of the hydrogen-bonded waters.

TL;DR: The polysaccharide composition of a fucoidan preparation isolated from the brown alga Saccharina latissima was reinvestigated and it was shown that even a single algal species may contain, at least in minor amounts, several sulfatedpolysaccharides differing in molecular structure.

TL;DR: The results indicate reduced crystallinity of the cellulose following the organosolv pretreatment, which renders the substrate easily hydrolyzable by cellulase.

TL;DR: In vitro cell culturing of 3T3 fibroblasts and scanning electron microscopy images revealed the existence of interconnected porous structures in all the chitosan-gamma-PGA PEC hydrogels, which appears to have potential as a new material for biomedical applications.

TL;DR: Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) demonstrates a wide range of antioxidant activity for chitosan-GA as evidenced from its reactions with oxidizing free radicals, that is, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-H(2)O(2), carbon-centered alkyl radicals, and hydroxyl radicals.

TL;DR: It was demonstrated that the metal NPs-chitosan bioconjugates functioned as effective catalysts for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol in the presence of NaBH(4), which was monitored by means of spectrophotometry as a function of reaction time.

TL;DR: The results complete the suggestion of a spectrum of approximate transition timescales for carbohydrates up to the disaccharide level, namely: approximately 30 ps (hydroxyl groups), approximately 1 ns (free lactol group, free hydroxymethyl groups), and approximately 10 ns to 2 micros (ring conformation, glycosidic dihedral angles phi and psi).

TL;DR: The enzyme showed a strong preference for the formation of beta-d-Galp-(1-->6)-d-Lac linkages in its transgalactosylation mode, while beta-1-->3)-linked products were formed to a lesser extent, comprising approximately 80% and 9%, respectively, of the newly formed glycosidic linksages in the oligosaccharide mixture at maximum GOS formation.

TL;DR: Rice straw, a cheap, abundant, and mainly unused agricultural waste, is converted to furans by a dilute acid hydrolysis process and HMF and furfural production, both of which can be derived from renewable sources, are examined.

TL;DR: It was found that SCOS III blocked viral entry and virus-cell fusion probably via disrupting the binding of HIV-1 gp120 to CD4 cell surface receptor and suggested that sulfated chitooligosaccharides represent novel candidates for the development of anti-HIV-1 agent.

TL;DR: Ulvan is semi-crystalline in nature and possesses high hygroscopic features, as revealed in this research work and can be considered, pure or modified, as a versatile biodegradable polymer for different applications, including tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

TL;DR: A polysaccharide structure of the wheat flour AGP is proposed that is substantially revised from earlier models.

TL;DR: The cellulose-binding domain (CBD) is the second important and the most wide-spread element of cellulase structure involved in cellulose transformation with a great structural diversity and a range of adsorption behavior toward different types of cellulosic materials.

TL;DR: Highly stable silver nanoparticles in agar-agar (Ag/agar) as inorganic-organic hybrid were obtained as free-standing film by in situ reduction of silver nitrate by ethanol and the mechanical strength of the film determined by nanoindentation technique showed almost retention of the strength even after repeated cycle.

TL;DR: NMR studies indicated migration of acetyl groups from O-2 or O-3 to O-6 after a heating treatment in a water bath, and the thermal stability of the products was investigated by DSC-TGA.

TL;DR: The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of sialylation changes that occur in breast cancer and to describe the cellular models developed to analyze the consequences of these changes on disease progression and aggressiveness.

TL;DR: Using NMR analysis, two main series of branched arabino-oligosaccharides have been identified, both having an alpha-(1,5)-linked backbone of L-arabinosyl residues.

TL;DR: This review describes some recent examples of stereoselective glycosylations in which oxacarbenium ions are believed to be at the basis of the selectivity.

TL;DR: The nanocomposites exhibited interesting inhibitory as well as bactericidal activity against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria.

TL;DR: In situ NMR analysis suggested that the transformation of fructose to HMF was a highly selective reaction that proceeded through the cyclic fructofuranosyl intermediate pathway, which increased the capacity to produce HMF.

TL;DR: In the course of this work, different reactivities of isomeric alpha- and beta-glucopyranosyl azides under CuAAC conditions were noted and the preference for inhibition of one enzyme over the other proved to be dependent on the anomeric configuration of the inhibitor.

TL;DR: The renewable furan-based platform chemical, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), has been efficiently synthesized from d-fructose and sucrose in the presence of a catalytic amount of protic ionic liquids.

TL;DR: Fucoidan was isolated and purified from the most fucose-rich fraction, collected in July, and subjected to autohydrolysis to obtain fucooligosaccharides, suitable for mass-spectrometric analysis, and it was concluded that fragments of the fucoidan were predominantly linked with a (1→3)-type of linkage.

TL;DR: In this paper, Caragana korshinskii hemicelluloses were isolated with 10% KOH at 25°C for 10h from the delignified materials and successively sub-fractionated by graded precipitation at final ethanol concentrations of 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, and 80, respectively.

TL;DR: By reducing the expression level of the sialyltransferase gene and increasing that of the neuABC genes, this work has been able to favour the formation of 6'-sialyllactose and to prevent the Formation of KDO-lactose.