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Showing papers in "Carbon in 1999"


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1999-Carbon
TL;DR: In this paper, a deconvolution method is proposed to analyze the TPD spectra, allowing for the quantitative determination of the amount of each functional group on the surface. But the deconvolutions are not suitable for the analysis of a large number of functional groups.

2,674 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1999-Carbon
TL;DR: In this paper, the surface groups of active carbons can also be characterized by immersion calorimetry and the variation of the pH of the point of zero charge with the total oxygen content of the surface.

724 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
S. Flandrois, B. Simon1
01 Feb 1999-Carbon
TL;DR: In this paper, the electrochemical behavior of the main families of materials, namely, natural and synthetic graphites, graphitizable carbons, low-temperature and non-graphitizing carbons and doped carbons are examined.

717 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1999-Carbon
TL;DR: In this article, high strength PAN-based carbon fibers were continuously electrochemically oxidized by applying current to the fibers serving as an anode in 1% wt aqueous KNO3.

563 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1999-Carbon
TL;DR: In this paper, two commercially available activated carbon (activated charcoal cloth (ACC) and activated granular carbon(AGC)) were oxidized with different oxidizing agents viz., HNO 3, H 2 O 2 and (NH 4 ) 2 S 2 O 8, in order to introduce surface oxygen complexes.

496 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1999-Carbon
TL;DR: In this article, a tubular carbon host with graded texture and chemical composition is used for studying the electrode processes during insertion and extraction of lithium in an aprotic medium, and the specific capacity, that is, the degree of irreversible (500 −100 −g−1) and reversible (400 −100 ¼ −g −1) insertion of lithium, has been estimated from galvanostatic charge-discharge characteristics.

433 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
22 Feb 1999-Carbon
TL;DR: In this paper, the surface properties of cellulose-based activated carbon cloth were investigated and the point of zero charge was determined by batch equilibrium method, where the site-binding model was applied to calculate the intrinsic acidity constants.

375 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1999-Carbon
TL;DR: In this paper, the development of the nitrogen functionality of model chars as a function of burn-off for gasification in CO2 or in O2 has been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).

354 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Cailu Xu1, Bingqing Wei1, Renzhi Ma1, Ji Liang1, X.K. Ma1, Dehai Wu1 
09 Apr 1999-Carbon
TL;DR: In this article, the electrical resistivities of aluminum-carbon nanotubes composites were measured from room temperature down to 4.2 K. The electrical resistivity at room temperature increases slightly with increasing volume fraction of the carbon nanotsubes in the aluminum.

310 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1999-Carbon
TL;DR: Adsorption studies of mercury (II) from aqueous solutions on coirpith carbon were investigated under the varying conditions of agitation time, metal ion concentration, adsorbent dose and pH as discussed by the authors.

287 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1999-Carbon
TL;DR: In this paper, a solgel polycondensation of resorcinol with formaldehyde and freeze drying with t -butanol was used to obtain mesoporous materials with high surface areas and large mesopore volumes.

Journal ArticleDOI
08 Mar 1999-Carbon
TL;DR: In this paper, active carbons containing up to 45% nitrogen (SCN-type carbons) were prepared by carbonization in argon and steam activation of a vinylpyridine resin.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1999-Carbon
TL;DR: A range of analytical techniques have been used to characterise the chemistry and morphology of a diesel engine and an exhaust soot, and a comparison made with a selection of commercial carbon blacks as mentioned in this paper.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1999-Carbon
TL;DR: In this paper, the adsorption isotherms of Cr(III and Cr(VI) ions on two samples of activated carbon fibres and two granulated activated carbons from aqueous solutions in the concentration range 20-1000 mg/l have been studied.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1999-Carbon
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that a judicious choice of activation strategy for nutshell precursors can produce activated carbons with numerous surface functional groups and high copper adsorption activity.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1999-Carbon
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of these treatments on the specific surface area and porosity, on the surface functional groups and on the adsorption behavior of phenol are studied by means of N2 adsorization at 77 K, temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and phenol adsorisation isotherms, respectively.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1999-Carbon
TL;DR: In this paper, the functionalities of polymeric model compounds containing defined forms of bound nitrogen were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and additional information about the structure was received from FT-IR, solid-state 13 C-NMR and, in part, X -ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) Spectroscopy.

Journal ArticleDOI
08 Mar 1999-Carbon
TL;DR: In this article, the adsorption isotherms of fluoride from an aqueous solution on plain and aluminum-impregnated activated carbons were measured, and the impregnated carbon was prepared by impregnation with an aluminum nitrate solution at a fixed pH, followed by calcination under nitrogen at temperatures above 300°C.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1999-Carbon
TL;DR: In this paper, a series of carbonaceous adsorbents including PAN-based activated carbon fibers, coal activated carbon and pitch carbon bead were analyzed using Density Functional Theory (DFT).

Journal ArticleDOI
22 Feb 1999-Carbon
TL;DR: In this article, three activated carbons of various origins were tested as H2S adsorbents, chosen to differ significantly in surface area, pore structure and surface chemistry, and the results showed that a heterogeneous carbon with chemical surface functionality performs better than apparently neutral, predominantly microporous materials with high surface areas.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1999-Carbon
TL;DR: In this paper, a cloth-like soot was produced, containing about 40% single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) by characterization with high resolution transmission electron microscope (HREM) and Raman spectroscopy.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1999-Carbon
TL;DR: In this article, the formation of oxygen structures in activated carbon is investigated using cherry stones (CS) as starting material and commonly air as activating agent, and the activation at 250°C in air results in activated carbons that contain different oxygen structures when CS is carbonized at 450 or 600°C.

Journal ArticleDOI
Yubao Li1, B.Q Wei1, Ji Liang1, Qiangmin Yu1, Dehai Wu1 
22 Feb 1999-Carbon
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the possible formation mechanism of carbon nanoparticles under the impact acting as driving force, and they show that carbon nanotubes can be formed by high-energy ball milling processing for different milling times.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1999-Carbon
TL;DR: In this article, contact angle analyses were performed on unsized and sized carbon fibers to better understand the mechanism of adhesion in carbon fiber/polymer matrix composites, which showed that the sizing changes the surface topography on a microscopic scale.

Journal ArticleDOI
Zhijie Jia1, Zhengyuan Wang1, Ji Liang1, Bingqing Wei1, Dehai Wu1 
01 Jan 1999-Carbon
TL;DR: In this paper, the average length of the nanotubes will be reduced and they will be relatively straight, and they can be dispersed evenly in a matrix when used to make a composite, which can result in an enhancement of the composite's properties.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1999-Carbon
TL;DR: Cheng et al. as discussed by the authors proposed a method for Chinese Academy of Science to solve the problem of Chinese-English language adaptation in the context of artificial intelligence, and they used it in their paper.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Feb 1999-Carbon
TL;DR: In this article, controlled heating of sucrose chars and other precursor materials was carried out in an inert environment with an excess of potassium or sodium hydroxide Initially, the precursor materials were subjected to a regulated temperature-time profile to elevated temperatures (400-900°C) and subsequently cooled The products were then exposed either to an atmosphere of methanol vapour or to the air.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1999-Carbon
TL;DR: The textural characteristics of transition-metal-containing activated carbon aerogels depend on the nature of the metal as discussed by the authors, whereas the sample containing Pt, in a very small amount, had the largest meso and macropore volume (0.822 and 2.982 cm 3 g −1 ).

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1999-Carbon
TL;DR: In this paper, high-strength PAN-based carbon fibers were continuously electrochemically oxidized by applying current through the fibers which served as an anode in 1% wt. KNO 3 solutions.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1999-Carbon
TL;DR: In this article, a micropore mechanism for the storage of lithium in low temperature carbons (LTCs) is proposed, which is further confirmed by results from the addition of pore-genic agent and introduction of crosslinker DVB into addition polymers PAN and P(4-VP).