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Showing papers in "Cartographic Journal in 1978"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The evolution of a continuous projection for portraying the area of territorial units in proportion to a thematic variable has, in the past, eluded the cartographer as discussed by the authors, and the present paper describes the development of such a projection and some of the possible applications.
Abstract: The evolution of a continuous projection for portraying the area of territorial units in proportion to a thematic variable has, in the past, eluded the cartographer. The present paper—resulting from postgraduate research in cartography by the second author under the supervision of the first—describes the development of such a projection and some of the possible applications.

85 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of supplementing contour lines with other relief formats has been evaluated and it has been shown that adding layer tints to contour line can increase speed of reading some types of relief information; whereas, addition of shaded relief does not increase map reading speed more than use of layer Tints.
Abstract: The test discussed in this report is designed to assess the effect of supplementing contour lines with other relief formats. It contains eight types of problems and a review of relevant aspects of map reading. It has been produced in three relief formats: contour lines, contour lines plus layer tints, and contour lines plus shading. Initial work indicates that addition of layer tints to contour lines can increase speed of reading some types of relief information; whereas, addition of shaded relief does not increase map reading speed more than use of layer tints and can cause a decrease in accuracy.

30 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of sample size can be accommodated by a modified form of the X2 test statistic, which is described in this paper and can be used for mapping and statistical analysis.
Abstract: When interest extends beyond purely univariate considerations, there is no fixed rule governing the ordering of spatial samples for mapping and statistical analysis. Ratios and numerical differences have conventionally been the basis for comparing samples. As both these are known to be influenced by variations in sample size, they are unsuitable for the comparison of demographic samples which vary greatly in size. Where necessary, the effect of sample size can be accommodated by a modified form of the X2 test statistic which is described in this paper.

15 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Eye movement recording demonstrates that this search time depends on the number of names fixated with the eyes and the mean fixation time, which leads to some recommendations on type legibility.
Abstract: It is argued that the best way to evaluate map typography is to measure the time taken to find names on a map. Eye movement recording demonstrates that this search time depends on two independent factors: the number of names fixated with the eyes and the mean fixation time. Changes in map design usually affect only one of these factors. For example, typographic coding can reduce the average number of fixations but an increase in point size reduces mean fixation time. This discussion leads to some recommendations on type legibility.

10 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the visual aspects of class intervals in choroplethic mapping were studied in tests which involved a series of five chorephic maps using the same data but different methods of classing, and the subjects were asked to rank the maps in the order of preference for the final map production.
Abstract: Visual aspects of class intervals in choroplethic mapping were studied in tests which involved a series of five choroplethic maps using the same data but different methods of classing. The subjects were asked to rank the maps in the order of preference for the final map production, and to provide explanations for their rankings. The study finds that the grouping of adjoining counties and the number of counties in each statistical class are the most important criteria to the subjects.

9 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A continuous tone image can be produced by facsimile to simulate the various shaded patterns of a choropleth map, thereby forcing the cartographer to debate the significance of class generalisation.
Abstract: A continuous tone image can be produced by facsimile to simulate the various shaded patterns of a choropleth map. The image can be subsequently screened for half-tone reproduction. Up to 255 hues of tone can be reproduced. The facsimile technique removes the need for finding manufactured tones whose visual intensity is closely proportional to the data value, thereby forcing the cartographer to debate the significance of class generalisation.

9 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An experimental technique is presented which utilises the power of automated cartography in determining a scale which can be applied to all types of three-dimensional surfaces.
Abstract: The selection of a vertical scale in the production of block diagrams or three-dimensional views is a decision which can have a great effect on the map reader's perception of the information presented. Advice available in the cartographic literature is extremely subjective and refers mainly to physical data. In the absence of suitable guidelines for statistical mapping, an experimental technique is presented which utilises the power of automated cartography in determining a scale which can be applied to all types of three-dimensional surfaces.

3 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the decagraph is suggested as a substitute for the pie graph, which is widely condemned for its inability to afford estimations that are close to the latent information.
Abstract: Various point symbols have been employed by cartographers to represent component parts of certain phenomena. The pie graph is obviously the most popular of these symbols. At the same time, it is widely condemned for its inability to afford estimations that are close to the latent information. To help overcome this problem, the decagraph is suggested in this paper, as a substitute for the pie graph.

2 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The utility and interest of these maps is demonstrated, while their neglect is regretted as mentioned in this paper, and the language, grid systems and units of measurement used, and types of revision and overprinted information displayed, are discussed and illustrated.
Abstract: 'Captured German' maps at King's College, London, are examined. The language, grid systems and units of measurement used, and types of revision and overprinted information displayed, are discussed and illustrated. The utility and interest of these maps is demonstrated, while their neglect is regretted.

2 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Technician Education Council (TEC) as discussed by the authors was established by the TEC guidelines for replacement courses leading to the award of nationally recognised qualifications in Cartography, and its constitution, aims, objectives and logistics.
Abstract: An explanation of the governmental philosophy relating to the establishment of the Technician Education Council; its constitution, aims, objectives and logistics; and the necessary modification of existing schemes of technician education to comply with TEC guidelines for replacement courses leading to the award of nationally recognised qualifications in Cartography.