Showing papers in "Cartographic Journal in 1981"
TL;DR: In this paper, an understanding of the concepts of competence and performance in cartographic language is derived from research into psycholinguistics and psychology, and the concept of competence hinges on the individual's ability to comprehend cartographic signs.
Abstract: How do individuals develop an understanding (ie competence) and an ability to use (ie performance) the language of signs found on maps? An understanding of the concepts of competence and performance in cartographic language is derived from research into psycholinguistics and psychology The concept of competence hinges on the individual's ability to comprehend cartographic signs Competence and a range of individual attributes are important influences on an individual's development of performance in cartographic language Emphasis is placed on children's development of competence and performance in cartographic language
16 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a novel approach to classification which exploits the observed and inferred characteristics of categorised data is proposed, where concepts and methods are applied to data on household composition to extract a demographic typology from the onekilometre grid square population census data for 1971.
Abstract: Several polychotomous characteristics, when expressed in chi-score form, exhibit distributions in property space which deviate from the inherent assumptions of the more commonly used methods of cluster analysis. This paper suggests a novel approach to classification which exploits the observed and inferred characteristics of categorised data. The concepts and methods are applied to data on household composition to extract a demographic typology from the one-kilometre grid square population census data for 1971.
9 citations
TL;DR: The history of land use mapping can be traced back to the early 20th century as mentioned in this paper, when the Cartographic Journal: Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 45-48.
Abstract: (1981). The History of Land Use Mapping. The Cartographic Journal: Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 45-48.
8 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the accuracy of hydrological data portrayed on present and past editions of Ordnance Survey 1:10560 and 1:2500 series maps is examined by reference to official instruction manuals.
Abstract: The accuracy of hydrological data portrayed on present and past editions of Ordnance Survey 1:10560 and 1:2500 series maps is examined by reference to official instruction manuals issued to the Ordnance Surveyors. These manuals have enabled the 'blue-line' networks to be qualified and results indicate that comparison of drainage networks on maps of different dates is feasible.Editions suitable for drainage network analysis are selected and their drainage networks compared for an area within the New Forest perambulation. Substantial changes in the drainage network are suggested over the last fifty years which appear to represent real changes in drainage network extent.
5 citations
TL;DR: In this article, five different cartometric techniques applied to the same large-scale German mapping were compared and the authors concluded that the vertical systematic interpolation technique generates the most objective and comprehensive values of vertical accuracy of the cartometric tests analysed.
Abstract: The various vertical map accuracy tests may be divided into cartometrically derived methods, in which the map is tested against more accurate material, and theoretically determined errors, in which accuracy is assumed to be a function of contour interval and planimetric error. The theoretically derived values are outlined but the paper concentrates on five different cartometric techniques applied to the same large-scale German mapping. The methodology of each is discussed and the results assessed. It is concluded that the vertical systematic interpolation technique generates the most objective and comprehensive values of vertical accuracy of the cartometric tests analysed.
4 citations
TL;DR: This paper certainly is not presented as a research or review article, but rather as a contemplative essay in which the above topics are examined and comparisons made between the cartographic and other manufacturing industries.
Abstract: The communication approach advocated by cartographers during the past decade appears to have provided direction but no route to improvement of the product. Much of the research in this area appears almost aimless and considerable danger is foreseen in that if a path is not quickly established and maintained the purpose of cartographic research will be lost behind ill conceived forays into 'no man's land'. The map is considered within this article as primarily a 'total product' and interdependence between its various elements seen as its strength. The current obsession with component parts detached from their operating environment appears to provide nothing of use to the manufacturer. This paper certainly is not presented as either a research or review article, but rather as a contemplative essay in which the above topics are examined and comparisons made between the cartographic and other manufacturing industries.
4 citations
4 citations
[...]
TL;DR: The built-up area of towns and cities is the most significant of Man's environments and one of the most clearly defined on the ground, yet it is inadequately portrayed and inaccurately delineated on small scale maps as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The built-up area of towns and cities is the most significant of Man's environments and one of the most clearly defined on the ground, yet it is inadequately portrayed and inaccurately delineated on small scale maps. The consequences of this are examined and some recommendations made.
3 citations
3 citations
TL;DR: The Land Decade Educational Council meeting in April 1980 was reported in the Cartographic Journal for June 1980 (17, 2, page 110) and three papers were given below as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The Land Decade Educational Council meeting in April 1980 was reported in the Cartographic Journal for June 1980 (17, 2, page 110). The introduction and three of the presented papers are given below.
2 citations
TL;DR: The authors describes the three main aspects of cartography and concludes that while academic and manipulative cartography may be flourishing, the essential force which gives meaning to the craft is a fast diminishing commodity.
Abstract: This paper describes the 3 main aspects of cartography and concludes that while academic and manipulative cartography may be flourishing the essential force which gives meaning to the craft is a fast diminishing commodity.
TL;DR: A speech made by the Author, a Past President of the Society, at the Annual Symposium at Liverpool, 1980, as a contribution to the session 'Is Cartography in the Doldrums?' as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Text of a speech made by the Author, a Past President of the Society, at the Annual Symposium at Liverpool, 1980, as a contribution to the session 'Is Cartography in the Doldrums?'
TL;DR: In this paper, the use of a regular sampling technique based on a grid is examined and the effect of grid displacement calculated and it is concluded that statistically, the count of "yes-cells" is a more reliable indicator than that of joins.
Abstract: The use of a regular sampling technique based on a grid is examined and the effect of grid displacement calculated. A simple distribution (binary) is used in the calculation which is compared with the effects of the occurrence of joins. It is concluded that statistically, the count of 'yes-cells' is a more reliable indicator than that of joins.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the channel of communication between the cartographer and the mind of the map-user: the human eye and the viewing environment, and their physical characteristics and their influence on cartographic design in varying circumstances.
Abstract: The paper is concerned with the channel of communication between the cartographer and the mind of the map-user: the human eye and the viewing environment. Of man's five senses, only two, sight and sound, are extensively used for communication. One major use of sight in the acquisition of knowledge is still the reading of text, in effect a substitute for speech. Cartography provides a means of communication, using sight directly. Its development as a means of transmitting spatial information is outlined, and the basic limitations are noted. The physical characteristics of the human eye and their influence on cartographic design in varying circumstances are examined, as are the problems and advantages in the use of colour.
TL;DR: In this article, two possible causes of the failure of map users to successfully interpret relief forms from contour maps are Gibson's texture gradient effect which may give false depth cues; and, the expectancy or prior set developed from previous experience by the map reader.
Abstract: Two possible causes of the failure of map users to successfully interpret relief forms from contour maps are Gibson's texture gradient effect which may give false depth cues; and, the expectancy or prior set developed from previous experience by the map reader. In the two experiments reported attempts were made to alter subjects' expectancy by providing cues or contextural information related to the task of interpreting a number of unquantified contour patterns. Although expectancy has proved to be a dominant influence on contour interpretation, successful priming in the experiments provided subjects with a number of conflicting but valid hypotheses which were often resolved in the direction of the texture gradient.
[...]
TL;DR: The utility and limitations of surveys of map use in libraries are discussed in this paper in the light of a survey at Edinburgh University Library, where a cautious approach is urged, their value for administrative purposes, and their complementary role to other descriptions of map usage, are demonstrated.
Abstract: The utility and limitations of surveys of map use in libraries are discussed in the light of a survey at Edinburgh University Library. Although a cautious approach is urged, their value for administrative purposes, and their complementary role to other descriptions of map use, are demonstrated.
TL;DR: In this paper, the requirements of an ideal cartographic proof are discussed and a number of proofing systems are examined, together with the equipment required for each proofing system and the costs involved.
Abstract: Proofing is one of the most important stages in multicolour map production, in which all components of a map are brought together in a single form for the first time. This stage may be considered to be the ultimate cartographic check. The requirements of an ideal cartographic proof are discussed and a number of proofing systems are examined. The equipment required for each proofing system is given together with the costs involved.