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Showing papers in "Cartographic Journal in 1990"


Journal ArticleDOI

57 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Horton's system of stream ordering is examined as a way of generalising rivers for reference maps at a variety of small scales in this paper, where the manipulation of classes of ordered streams provides a way to answer the questions "How many?" and "Which ones?"
Abstract: Horton's system of stream ordering is examined as a way of generalising rivers for reference maps at a variety of small scales. The manipulation of classes of ordered streams provides a way of answering the questions “How many?” and “Which ones?”

32 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a comparison of six map complexity measures (aggregation index, compactness index, boundary contrast index, fragmentation index and size disparity index) using 90 different choropleth maps.
Abstract: The complexity of a choropleth map has an important influence on its readability. Six map complexity measures (aggregation index, compactness index, boundary contrast index, fragmentation index, boundary index, size disparity index) described in literature are presented in this study. Correlation coefficients between these indices are calculated, using 90 different maps. It is shown that most of the measures are highly correlated and therefore redundant.Visual judgement of 13 maps by 28 subjects shows that four indices (aggregation index, compactness index, fragmentation index, boundary index) can serve as reliable indicators of map complexity. As a result, each of these measures can be used to compare pattern complexity among different maps. The fragmentation index seems to be the best choice in view of its simplicity and calculation ease.

26 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a set of public information symbols for tourist and recreational maps is proposed, organized around the following classification: accommodation, cultural features, entertainment, facilities, recreation, services, transport, uniques features and warnings.
Abstract: Tourists and recreators have an increasing need for useful graphic products. Investigations have revealed that there is a lack of uniformity in the public information symbols used on tourist and recreational maps around the world. It is perceived that a need exists to develop a set of standardised public information symbols for this large group of map users. A range of theoretical and practical influences on the development of such symbols are examined to provide a sound basis for their design. As a result, a systematic procedure is proposed for designing public information symbols. To test this procedure, a study was completed to develop a prototype set of public information symbols for use with computer (raster-based) generated tourist and recreational maps. This set of symbols is organised around the following classification: accommodation, cultural features, entertainment, facilities, recreation, services, transport, uniques features and warnings. This prototype of symbols could form the basi...

18 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a knowledge-based system for cartographic symbol design is presented, which is based on the concept of Cartographic Symbolic Symbolic Symbol Design (CDSD).
Abstract: (1990). A knowledge based system for cartographic symbol design. The Cartographic Journal: Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 24-30.

17 citations


Journal ArticleDOI

14 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an experiment was carried out to determine if subjects' map reading ability is affected by this change of media. And the results showed that there was significantly better performance obtained when using conventional paper maps in comparison to their video images as displayed by the Domesday system.
Abstract: The development of the video disc and similar devices for storing pictures for subsequent display on computer screens has led to video images of conventional printed maps being used in a number of systems. Little consideration appears to have been given to the factors influencing the visual processing of such images. An experiment was carried out to determine if subjects' map reading ability is affected by this change of media. Results show that there was significantly better performance obtained when using conventional paper maps in comparison to their video images as displayed by the Domesday system.

13 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is argued that the needs of users interested in analysis of spatially referenced data are poorly met by the 'mainstream' model for GIS that is often presented in the literature.
Abstract: In much the same way as a spreadsheet is more appropriate to some needs than a fully relational DBMS, many users interested in analysis of spatially referenced data have fairly unsophisticated requirements for extensive data storage or complex retrieval functions, and limited needs for topographic detail, cartographic accuracy or advanced map editing; however, they do require access to a wide range of statistical functions for data transformation, reduction and smoothing, multivariate analysis, and the modelling of spatial relationships. This paper argues that the needs of such users are poorly met by the 'mainstream' model for GIS that is often presented in the literature. A PC-based system, equivalent in GIS terms to the spreadsheet, is described. It integrates simple data structures, limited map creation and editing, a powerful range of standard and spatially orientated statistical functions, and the ability to interactively present results through chloropleth, contour, proportionate symbol, or...

11 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The map of Jerusalem (1538) by Hermanus Borculus and its copies is a carto-genealogical study as mentioned in this paper. But the map of the city of Jerusalem is not available.
Abstract: (1990). The map of Jerusalem (1538) by Hermanus Borculus and its copies - a carto-genealogical study. The Cartographic Journal: Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 31-39.

6 citations




Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a vector geometry approach to the calculation of projection coordinates is demonstrated by using vector geometry, which is useful in simulating photographs taken from Earth orbiting space vehicles using a perspective projection of the Earth onto a tilted plane.
Abstract: The perspective projection of the Earth onto a tilted plane is useful in simulating photographs taken from Earth orbiting space vehicles. A new approach to the calculation of projection coordinates is demonstrated by using vector geometry.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of tertiary educational establishments in orienteering mapping is examined in a non-commercial manner, in increasing production and improving standards of orienteering map quality.
Abstract: The sport of orienteering relies on good quality accurate mapping which reflects the intricate detail of landscapes which are navigated across, on foot, by enthusiastic and experienced competitors of all ages. As a central component of the sport, therefore, mapping has assumed a prominent role in the thinking behind 'The Forward Plan', a study promoted by the British Orienteering Federation (BOP) and sponsored by the English Sports Council. The mapping component of 'The Forward Plan' suggests that extending awareness of mapping and encouraging technical skills are vital steps. The role of institutes of higher education (universities, polytechnics, colleges) in these areas is examined in this paper. The objective is to determine to what extent tertiary educational establishments can assist, in a non-commercial manner, in increasing production and improving standards of orienteering mapping.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review the developments in high quality map production and interpretation of survey information, with particular regard to the Regional Geochemical Atlas Series, through the application of image processing techniques on the display and analysis of multiple datasets.
Abstract: Digital techniques for cartographic data capture and high quality map production have been developed and applied over some 18 years to the mapping of the geoscientific datasets of the British Geological Survey, in particular to the geochemical dataset. Over this period, technological advances and developments in both vector and raster data processing techniques have facilitated high quality map production and the integration and display of multiple datasets. This paper reviews the developments in high quality map production and interpretation of survey information, with particular regard to the Regional Geochemical Atlas Series, through the application of image processing techniques on the display and analysis of multiple datasets.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the first edition of the six-inches-to-one-mile Ordnance Survey maps of Ireland were conserved by encapsulating them in Melinex polyester film.
Abstract: This paper describes the conservation of the first edition of the six-inches-to-one-mile Ordnance Survey maps of Ireland. It outlines the general problem of the acidity of paper on which nineteenth-century Ordnance Survey maps are printed and the peculiar problems of conserving a hand-coloured presentation set. Each stage in the process is described up to the final encapsulation of the maps in Melinex polyester film.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors made an examination of the rate of replacement and of the factors involved in this replacement, and a solution to the problem was offered, where the names of geographical entities in school atlases present a mixture of standardised names and exonyms (conventional names).
Abstract: The names of geographical entities in school atlases present a mixture of standardised names and exonyms (conventional names), and the former are only slowly replacing the latter. An examination is made of the rate of replacement and of the factors involved in this replacement. A solution to the problem is offered.