Showing papers in "Cartographic Journal in 2017"
TL;DR: Community geography as discussed by the authors, a growing area of academic geography that leverages university community partnerships to facilitate access to spatial technology, data, and analysis, is a popular area of research.
Abstract: Early advocates of Public Participation Geographic Information Systems (PPGIS) envisioned a future in which members of the public (broadly) and members of marginalized communities (specifically) would utilize geographic information and spatial technologies to affect positive change within their communities. Yet in spite of the emergence and success of PPGIS, open source geospatial tools, and the geoweb, access barriers recognized by proponents of PPGIS in the mid-1990s persist. As a result, PPGIS facilitators continue to be instrumental in addressing access barriers to geospatial technologies among resource poor organizations and marginalized groups. ‘Community geography’, is a growing area of academic geography that leverages university community partnerships to facilitate access to spatial technology, data, and analysis. Experiences from community geography programmes at three universities (Chicago State University, Syracuse University, and Columbus State University) demonstrate the benefits and challen...
33 citations
TL;DR: The results of an internet survey conducted at four locations in Poznan (Poland) allowed us to determine the following: threshold differentiation values for the analysed variables, indication of the dependence on the type of background displayed on the mobile device in augmented reality, and the advantage of using a combination of visual variables.
Abstract: On the basis of initial studies devoted to a better understanding of how the public user (a pedestrian in the city) perceives cartographic symbols in the mobile augmented reality system, we present an attempt to determine the threshold values of differentiation for three visual variables. The variables of size, transparency, and focus were implemented into image point symbols representing five types of objects. The set of symbols was designed in accordance with the rules of cartographic design taking into consideration an analysis of 19 professional tourist works. The symbols were presented on the screen of a mobile device in a system imitating the augmented reality system against four different backgrounds: white, a wall, and two typical urban landscapes. The results of an internet survey conducted using a tablet at four locations in Poznan (Poland) allowed us to determine the following: threshold differentiation values for the analysed variables, indication of the dependence on the type of background di...
29 citations
TL;DR: In this article, Robinson submitted his PhD thesis at Ohio State University; a document that laid the academic foundation for his seminal contribution to cartographic theory and practicability, which was later published in the New York Times.
Abstract: Seventy years ago, Arthur H. Robinson submitted his PhD thesis at Ohio State University; a document that laid the academic foundation for his seminal contribution to cartographic theory and practic...
21 citations
TL;DR: In order to be successful in spatial orientation tasks, people need to recall locations and configurations of spatial objects from their memory as mentioned in this paper, and this understanding of geographic space often arises when people are asked to locate objects.
Abstract: In order to be successful in spatial orientation tasks, people need to recall locations and configurations of spatial objects from their memory. This understanding of geographic space often arises ...
21 citations
TL;DR: A novel and efficient algorithm for labelling area features externally, i.e. outside their polygonal boundary, that can efficiently place labels with a quality that is close to the quality of traditional cartographic products made by human cartographers is introduced.
Abstract: One of the subtasks of automated map labelling that has received little attention so far is the labelling of areas. Geographic areas often are represented by concave polygons which pose severe limitations on straightforward solutions due to their great variety of shape, a fact worsened by the lack of measures for quantifying feature-label relationships. We introduce a novel and efficient algorithm for labelling area features externally, i.e. outside their polygonal boundary. Two main contributions are presented in the following. First, it is a highly optimized algorithm of generating candidate placements utilizing algorithms from the field of computational geometry. Second, we describe a measure for scoring label positions. Both solutions based on a series of well-established cartographic precepts about name positioning in the case of semantic enclaves such as islands or lakes. The results of our experiments show that our algorithm can efficiently place labels with a quality that is close to the quality o...
19 citations
TL;DR: In this study, a total of nine supervised learning approaches are applied to three road networks for selective omission and most of these approaches have similar performances, and they do not have any statistically significant difference.
Abstract: Selective omission is necessary for road network generalisation. This study investigates the use of supervised learning approaches for selective omission in a road network. To be specific, at first, the properties to measure the importance of a road in the network are viewed as input attributes, and the decision of such a road is retained or not at a specific scale is viewed as an output class; then, a number of samples with known input and output are used to train a classifier; finally, this classifier can be used to determine whether other roads to be retained or not. In this study, a total of nine supervised learning approaches, i.e., ID3, C4·5, CRT, Random Tree, support vector machine (SVM), naive Bayes (NB), K-nearest neighbour (KNN), multilayer perception (MP) and binary logistic regression (BLR), are applied to three road networks for selective omission. The performances of these approaches are evaluated by both quantitative assessment and visual inception. Results show that: (1) in most cases, the...
15 citations
TL;DR: The experiments confirmed that regular partitioning was the quickest strategy, but less effective when taking context into account, and geographical partitioning, though less effective for now, is quite promising regarding the quality of the results as it better integrates the geographical context.
Abstract: Automatic map generalization requires the use of computationally intensive processes often unable to deal with large datasets. Distributing the generalization process is the only way to make them scalable and usable in practice. But map generalization is a highly contextual process, and the surroundings of a generalized map feature needs to be known to generalize the feature, which is a problem as distribution might partition the dataset and parallelize the processing of each part. This paper proposes experiments to evaluate the past propositions to distribute map generalization, and to identify the main remaining issues. The past propositions to distribute map generalization are first discussed, and then the experiment hypotheses and apparatus are described. The experiments confirmed that regular partitioning was the quickest strategy, but less effective when taking context into account. The geographical partitioning, though less effective for now, is quite promising regarding the quality of the results as it better integrates the geographical context.
12 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on the design of relief depictions and image maps, as well as how to read and interpret relief representations and how to calculate distances and directions in real-world situations.
Abstract: existing, following chapters would be better suited to this chapter as they consider ‘general map design’ aspects, not specifically related to qualitative or quantitative maps. Besides the traditional qualitative versus quantitative subdivision, the book also focusses on the design (and thus how to read) relief portrayal and image maps. The satellites in the last chapter are also updated since the last edition with the addition, for example, of Worldview3. The Map Reading part concludes with a chapter on Map Accuracy. The Map Analysis part of the book takes an approach whereby complexity gradually increases throughout each of the seven chapters. These chapters show many practical examples which show how to really use the map in a number of real-life situations in order to derive measures that allow you to calculate distances and directions. These in turn are necessary for position finding and navigation. Next, the chapters focus on spatial analysis of features, the analysis of surface, pattern analysis and spatial association analysis among spatial features and data layers. Nice additions in the text are the referral to the Nobel Prize of 2014, an update of the magnetic declination and referral to navigation-apps (community drive app Waze). In the part concerning Map Interpretation, a number of cases are considered which are not exhaustive but illustrate a number of basic principles that are widely adopted. These cases focus on the lithosphere (geology and landforms), the atmosphere and biosphere (e.g. weather maps, climate and distribution of species) and the human landscape (land use, agriculture, population and ethnicity). This part of the book ends with an appropriate and applicable chapter on Maps and Reality with, on the one hand, a ‘warning’ to be careful with information on maps and, on the other hand, a look into the future (web maps and ‘Internet of Things’). Across the different editions ofMap Use, computers have a played an increasingly important role; for both map making and map use. This holds specifically true for the interaction users can have with the maps. The addition of the QR codes which link to online applications is therefore a valuable solution. The most recent step in this interaction is actually not considered in the outlook, which is the contribution of data and use of distributed server systems (mashup maps). When reading through the chapters, I believe that the ones included in the Map Reading part would be valuable to a large and diverse audience, whereas the ones include in Map Analysis and Map Interpretation require more advanced skills, which might be more of interest to a more specialist target group. In particular, the last part could be beneficial for domain experts. Therefore, it might be of interest to some potential readers to have access to only a part of the book (for example, using the e-book version).
12 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the influence of panning on the map user's (attentive) behavior, using a mixed methods approach, and found that the attentive behavior was influenced by the type of view (map or satellite) and whether it occurs while performing the panning operation.
Abstract: The general aim of this paper is to evaluate the influence of panning on the map user’s (attentive) behaviour, using a mixed methods approach. A user study was conducted in which participants – with an expertise in cartography – had to execute four tasks in Google Maps, using only a panning operation. During the first two tasks, participants had to follow a predefined route; during the latter two tasks they had to locate Belgium on a less detailed scale level. A strong task-related interactive behaviour was revealed by the participants’ mouse action and eye movements. Furthermore, the attentive behaviour was influenced by the type of view (map or satellite) and whether it occurs while performing the panning operation. The georeferenced eye movements were imported in a GIS for spatial analysis. Based on these spatial queries, we discovered that the duration of the fixations was associated by their location on the map.
11 citations
TL;DR: Assessment of the contribution of an AR system for map reading and for improving users’ understanding of geographic data found that users that had previous experience of the geographical dataset provided performed the task better using only the printed maps, while those without that experience performed better with the AR system.
Abstract: Among the systems that aim to help users to perform map reading tasks, augmented reality (AR) is one of the most promising. However, the impact of this new technology in terms of acceptance, motiva...
11 citations
TL;DR: An online survey with 290 heterogeneous users of the interactive mapping platform WorldMap provides insights into problems faced by such users and contributes to the discussions on how to improve the design of online GIS-based mapping platforms.
Abstract: This article reports on the results of an online survey with 290 heterogeneous users of the interactive mapping platform WorldMap and provides insights into problems faced by such users. Heterogeneous users are users with a variety of GIS skills, educational background, gender, and age categories. We investigate how they interact with online maps and analyse their experience. WorldMap represents as a case study of an online mapping platform which aims to serve researchers and users across disciplines in viewing and creating online interactive maps. We concentrate on operations that are perceived as difficult and very difficult by the majority of users as well as operations that are rarely used. Our aim is to contribute to the discussions on how to improve the design of online GIS-based mapping platforms. We conclude the paper with reflections on the results of our study and ideas for further research.
TL;DR: In this article, expressed emotions related to power places, which are defined as places at which people can recharge and relax, are explored and mapped in the context of cartographic mapping of emotions and places.
Abstract: Mapping emotions and places is an emerging field in cartography. This article explores expressed emotions related to power places, which are defined as places at which people can recharge and relax...
TL;DR: The description of the MapDesign pattern can aid software developers in understanding how to build tools that allow automation and distributed processing in parts of the map design process for visualizing big geospatial data.
Abstract: A design pattern approach for conceptualizing the cartographic design process is presented. A design pattern presents a solution to a problem by describing solutions for the commonalities in proble...
TL;DR: In this article, an adaptive multi-scale population spatialization model (APSM) is proposed with a focus on the scale transformation for population spatialisation, which is the foundation for the visualization and analysis of population integrated with other information.
Abstract: Population spatialization is the foundation for the visualization and analysis of population integrated with other information, such as environmental resources, economy, and public health. The existing population spatialization models have solved many problems for population distribution, but most of these studies have focused on a specific, single-scale approach and ignored the scale transformation for population spatialization. However, multi-scale visualization and the analysis of spatial information need multi-scale information. Meanwhile, the population distribution map as one kind of thematic map is always overlaid with the digital vector map or remote sensing map and visualized in the Web Geographic Information Systems (Web GIS), so it should adapt to the map scale showed in browser, when the user zoom in and zoom out. Hence adaptive multi-scale is necessary for population spatialization. Therefore, in this study, an adaptive multi-scale population spatialization model (APSM) is proposed with compr...
TL;DR: In the last decade, web GIS has been a hot topic in the field of geographic information science as mentioned in this paper, by providing the geospatial data open access, visualization, and analysis on the web, the web-based...
Abstract: In the last decade, web GIS has been a hot topic in the field of geographic information science. By providing the geospatial data open access, visualization, and analysis on the web, the web-based ...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a population dot density map for the year 2011 on two scales: (1) for mainland Portugal, and (2) for the Lisbon and Oporto regions.
Abstract: Dot maps are one of the best ways to visualize absolute values in thematic cartography. Dots represent quantitative data on a map. Population is often used in this type of representation. This paper presents a population dot density map for the year 2011 on two scales: (1) for mainland Portugal, and (2) for the Lisbon and Oporto regions. We have used dots with constant values and sizes at the most detailed statistical level (i.e. statistical subsection) for localities with less than 5000 inhabitants, and proportional circles for localities with more than 5000 inhabitants. These two scales of analysis coupled with two cartographic representation techniques used on a single map allow for a clear reading of the distribution of population.
TL;DR: In this article, a unique approach to studying the historical landscape by applying GIS techniques to the examination of an eighteenth-century English village was proposed. But the study focused on the physical and social characteristics of the village.
Abstract: Historical enclosure era property-related maps can tell us a great deal about the life and times of communities in the past. This study offers a unique approach to studying the historical landscape by applying GIS techniques to the examination of an eighteenth-century English village. Using novel GIS applications relying on historical maps, the study explores various aspects of the village’s physical and social characteristics. In doing so, the study forges effective linkages between cultural and landscape variables to reveal aspects of the historical landscape in eighteenth-century Britain previously inaccessible to researchers. This, in turn, provides a much more comprehensive and sophisticated template for future use by historical geographers in a number of contexts.
TL;DR: The use of digital and interactive elements in a thematic atlas improves and enhances the usability of the cartographic products for the visualization of architectural heritage (in this case of Tegucigalpa and Comayaguela), due to which it provides new ways and possibilities for interaction.
Abstract: Technological advancement has led us to new ways of representing geospatial information, beyond traditional analogue forms. As a consequence, the design of maps and atlases is developing in new way...
TL;DR: The Hunters in the Snow (Figure 1) as mentioned in this paper depicts a wintery landscape of such realism that we can feel the chill, and bears the unmistakable style of Pieter Bruegel the Elder, one of the leading Flemish artists.
Abstract: Drawing us into a wintery landscape of such realism that we can feel the chill, Hunters in the Snow (Figure 1) bears the unmistakable style of Pieter Bruegel the Elder, one of the leading Flemish p...
TL;DR: In this article, the dates of churches and chapels were used as a valuable indicator of the completeness of the coverage of large-scale nineteenth-century town plans of Manchester and Salford.
Abstract: The long sequence of Pigot’s plans of Manchester and Salford is used to test the concept that the dates of churches and chapels can be used as a valuable indicator of the completeness of the coverage of large-scale nineteenth-century town plans. The approach appears to hold some promise and suggests that Pigot’s plans were surprisingly comprehensive. This may reflect not merely his drawing on existing surveys but, more interestingly, may be the incidental product of collecting data for his town directories. The methodology could usefully be extended to explore the value of directory plans of other towns.
TL;DR: It was determined that the nature of the seabed relief had an impact on the selection process and the dKart Editor feature was considered inadequate for serious usage as a completely automatic tool for the process of sounding selection on navigational charts.
Abstract: A good seabed representation is one of the important characteristics of any navigational chart. Along with depth contours and coloured depth areas, soundings are used for this task. All the soundings on a navigational chart are selected for a reason. Soundings contribute to the navigational chart safety aspect by alerting to all the threats and dangers. They also show all the attributes of a seabed relief without overcrowding it, thus maintaining the overall chart quality. Soundings are selected from a hydrographic survey and since it consists of a vast number of data, the process of sounding selection is a challenging and demanding task. It requires experience and knowledge from the nautical cartographer and is mostly done manually. Some types of software nowadays provide an automatic selection feature. This paper analyses a process of automatic sounding selection in the dKart Editor software. On the Croatian side of the Adriatic Sea, Sibenski Kanal (Sibenik channel) and Kanal Sv. Ante (St. Ante’s channe...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe a localization of Muller's maps of regions of Bohemia from 1712 to 1718, which represent the territories within regional boundaries in approximate scale 1: 100 000.
Abstract: The paper describes a localization of Muller’s maps of regions of Bohemia from 1712 to 1718. Original maps represent the territories within regional boundaries in approximate scale 1: 100 000. It is relatively problematic to extract spatial information from the maps based on precise geodetic control and well-known cartographic projection. A different approach must be chosen in case of old maps without geodetic control and identifiable cartographic projection. In such a case the identical points whose coordinates in the reference coordinate system are known must be identified in the old map and their cartometric coordinates measured. This is also the case of manuscript Muller’s maps. For creation of a transformation key the suitable input data must be selected. As the most frequented features on these maps are settlements it was decided to use this part of planimetric component. Several ways how to use the settlements for transformation were explored in order to find out the most appropriate way of localiz...
TL;DR: There are two ways to use topographic maps to explore the past and the development of a landscape: one is to use the map as a birds' eye view of what was there at the time of its creation; the other is to explore a landscape from a bird's eye view as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: There are two ways to use topographic maps to explore the past and the development of a landscape. One is to use the map as a birds’ eye view of what was there at the time of its creation; the othe...
TL;DR: A touring exhibition of Northern Ireland cartography, called Mapping Alternative Ulster as discussed by the authors, was created from a dissatisfaction with how Northern Ireland is represented in the media in the UK and Ireland.
Abstract: The author curates a touring exhibition of Northern Ireland cartography, called Mapping Alternative Ulster. The project emerged from a dissatisfaction with how Northern Ireland is represented in ma...
TL;DR: The ArcGIS Pro as mentioned in this paper is a 64-bit GIS package that offers a ribbon-based interface where key function functions can be accessed by key ribbon-shaped keys.
Abstract: Leading GIS software vendor Esri has recently developed a brand new 64-bit GIS package, ArcGIS Pro. This attempt to rewrite Desktop GIS offers a contextual ribbon-based interface where key function...
TL;DR: The first attempted republican map of present-day Colombia remained unachieved as mentioned in this paper, and the map remains understudied, although its basic cartographic parameters, the political context of its unfinished making and its pertinent cartographic precedents are discussed in this article.
Abstract: The first attempted republican map of present-day Colombia remained unachieved. Francisco Jose de Caldas worked on it since 1797 and, come the revolution and Nueva Granada's republican inception, he prepared two successive cartouches to introduce it: the first one in 1811, the latter in 1815. Finally entitled Provincias de la Nueva Granada, Caldas's map remains understudied. In this article, I establish its basic cartographic parameters, discuss the political context of its unfinished making and link it to its pertinent cartographic precedents.
TL;DR: For cartographers, the main title of this book could be misleading. It could suggest that the book deals with name placement on maps - another important, but rather neglected field of cartography as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: For cartographers, the main title of this book could be misleading. It could suggest that the book deals with name placement on maps – another important, but rather neglected field of cartography. ...
TL;DR: The cartography of the unseen was presented at the HIT's Faculty of Design Research Gallery, Israel, February 2015 as discussed by the authors, where a short commentary surveys an international exhibition entitled "The Cartography of The unseen".
Abstract: This short commentary surveys an international exhibition entitled ‘The cartography of the unseen’, presented at HIT's Faculty of Design Research Gallery, Israel, February 2015. For a better understanding of this exhibition and its implications, also theoretically, we intervened with a further interpretation on one of the exhibited projects, that is, Map Kibera.
TL;DR: The history of Hungarian school atlases can be traced back to 1800, when professor Ézsáiás Budai created the New School Atlas for elementary pupils.
Abstract: The first part of this article is dedicated to the history of Hungarian school atlases to 1914. The publication of atlases for schools is dated to 1800, when professor Ézsáiás Budai created his ‘New School Atlas for elementary pupils’. For almost 90 years the school atlases were mostly translations and adaptations of foreign (e.g. German) atlases. In 1890, a talented cartographer, Manó Kogutowicz founded the Hungarian Geographical Institute, which produced school atlases for the different types of schools in Hungary. The professional quality of these school atlases was recognized by prizes won in international exhibitions. Kogutowicz laid the foundations of the current Hungarian school cartography: three of his school atlases are presented in more detail in the second part of this article, to give examples of how the pupils were introduced to the basic cartographic concepts as well as how different innovative solutions were used on the maps.
TL;DR: The cartographer's eye is able to transform the presentation of data into the communication of places, feelings and ideas, using a visual, graphical language which is engaging, expressive and intimate.
Abstract: People love maps. Each one offers us a new way to see the world, whether we are remembering a favourite place from our childhood or discovering somewhere new; whether we are navigating across a city or following an imaginary journey across a fantasy landscape. Maps kindle our imagination and make the world both more accessible and more personal. The cartographer’s eye is able to transform the presentation of data into the communication of places, feelings and ideas, using a visual, graphical language which is engaging, expressive and intimate. Whenever and wherever they were made, maps connect us with people and places long after the currency of their information fades. They can be shared – and visually consumed – in an instant (especially via social media) or give more lasting enjoyment (e.g. in print). The last two years have seen many books published on maps and cartography (a selection is shown in Figure 1), and perhaps this last decade has seen more published than in recent decades,