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Showing papers in "Cartographic Journal in 2018"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that, by a modification of maps, appropriate structural features of the text media can be transferred to maps, which makes them more suitable for telling stories.
Abstract: Maps are good at representing geographic space, but texts have a stronger affordance of telling a story than maps. Telling stories is, however, important to make information more personal and to ar...

27 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The method and related results that are developed to propose a set of symbols for topographic mapping at large scales for the municipalities of Paraná, Brazil are described and essential for proposing a scientific framework forTopographic mapping that benefits a large group of producers and users of urban maps in Brazil.
Abstract: Topographic mapping in Brazil has been performed without the direct application of cartographic theory to reflect local conditions. This problem is even more pronounced regarding large-scale mappin...

14 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Main features of VR, advantages and disadvantages of the analysed 2D topographic database in the context of 3D geovisualization, cartographic principles which may be applied into VR are described.
Abstract: Virtual reality (VR) is a display and control technology. VR creates artificial worlds of sensory experience or immerses the user in representations of real spatial environments that might otherwis...

14 citations


Journal ArticleDOI

14 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a location-based game (LBG) based on the Wherigo platform is used to facilitate interdisciplinary student learning about places on field courses, which can decouple results-oriented actions from free-form serendipitous engagement with the field.
Abstract: In this paper we propose the use of ‘Encountering’ a location-based game (LBG) based on the Wherigo platform to facilitate interdisciplinary student learning about places on field courses. Deploying a mobile, digital map-based platform addresses significant challenges – such as the sacrifice of context specificity and methodological applicability and depth. It also runs the danger of ‘gamifying’ the fieldwork, blinding the participant to their own agency and emergent encounters. Interactive and layered digital map interfaces have affordances that can potentially overcome such challenges. We claim that one such affordance is the ability to play through the map. In other words, maps – and digital maps in particular – offer the possibility of decoupling results-orientated actions from free-form serendipitous engagement with the field. Our argument is two-fold. First, that LBG toolsets such as Wherigo can provide a ‘common ground’ for students engaging in place-based interdisciplinary research, by providing a...

12 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, maps serve to clarify the role of space and place in the human journey, and they were created for providing observations of topography, the shape and character of the Earth's surface.
Abstract: If maps serve to clarify the role of space and place in the human journey, maps created for providing observations of topography – the shape and character of the Earth's surface – were amongst the ...

10 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an automatic method to derive mappings from Swiss topographic maps is presented, based on line drawings of the Swiss topography, indicating slope, aspect and traversability.
Abstract: Rock depiction in Swiss topographic maps has evolved from humble line drawings into expressive renderings indicating slope, aspect and traversability. In this paper, an automatic method to derive m...

9 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a comparative analysis of the drawing techniques used in eighteenth-century manuscript topographic maps of European countries is presented, including tools, materials and procedures, and the applica...
Abstract: This paper presents a comparative analysis of the drawing techniques (i.e. tools, materials and procedures) used in eighteenth-century manuscript topographic maps of European countries. The applica...

9 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new technique called Differential Distortion Analysis, influenced by the treatment of distortions in map projection theory, was used and it was possible to identify trends in the obtained levels of accuracy and to relate these to historical facts about the Carte de cabinet’s production process.
Abstract: The eighteenth century Carte de cabinet of count de Ferraris is the first large-scale (1: 11 520) topographic map of the entire Belgian territory, making it a valuable source of historical information. In the past, a number of studies have tried to assess the geometric accuracy of this map, but they all suffer from restricted technical capabilities for computing and visualizing the distortions, and most of them only focus on a limited number of the 275 map sheets. This paper therefore seeks to provide the first systematic and in-depth investigation of the map's local geometric accuracy. Recently, two Belgian government agencies georeferenced the Flemish and Walloon part of the Carte de cabinet with a high level of detail, using some 30,000 ground control points to link the old map to the modern topographic map of Belgium. These data sets represent a new and unprecedented potential source of accuracy information. However, the high number of control points and our desire to compute distortions in an exact, local, quantitative and continuous way meant prominent techniques for studying the geometric accuracy of old maps, such as displacement vectors, distortion grids, triangular nets and the popular MapAnalyst software, were unsuited for this task. To meet all our requirements a new technique called Differential Distortion Analysis, which is influenced by the treatment of distortions in map projection theory, was used instead. Its advantages, structure and application to the Carte de cabinet are discussed in detail. The new technique allows calculating and displaying the map's local angular and surface distortions with a very high spatial resolution. Consequently, it was possible to identify trends in the obtained levels of accuracy and to relate these to historical facts about the Carte de cabinet's production process. This has resulted in important new insights into the map's geometric accuracy.

7 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A review of a book on paleoart, Visions of the Prehistoric Past, is given in a cartographic publication by as discussed by the authors, where the author is simply fascinated by reco...
Abstract: What, you are probably asking, is a review of a book on paleoart – Visions of the Prehistoric Past – doing in a cartographic publication? At one level it's personal – I am simply fascinated by reco...

6 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this current theory and implementation of topographic mapping, the map is a graphics-based interface to a triplestore knowledge base which includes a topographic feature ontology, semantics and relations, and instance data with geometry and topology available.
Abstract: Whither the topographic map? Topographic mapping historically has been approached as a map factory operation through the period 1879–1990. During this time, data were field and photogrammetrically ...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The only written source regarding Glavac's map is the dedication, which is found in the dedication of the map as mentioned in this paper, and it dates from 1673, on which two meridians appear twice, 40°/51° and 41°/52°.
Abstract: Stjepan Glavac (1627-1680) produced a map of Croatia dated 1673, on which two meridians appear twice, 40°/51° and 41°/52°. The only written source regarding Glavac’s map is the dedication, which fo...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Hungarian military cartography scarcely mapped foreign areas until World War II as discussed by the authors, and the 1.50 000 survey of the areas occupied temporarily by Hungarian soldiers in the Soviet Union in 1941-1942 was the first attempt to map foreign areas.
Abstract: The Hungarian military cartography scarcely mapped foreign areas until World War II. The 1:50 000 survey of the areas occupied temporarily by Hungarian soldiers in the Soviet Union in 1941–1942 was...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Although the maps of the Third and Fourth Military Surveys of the Austria-Hungarian Empire were classified, after its dissolution the new countries had access to the topographic maps covering their... as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Although the maps of the Third and Fourth Military Surveys of the Austria–Hungarian Empire were classified, after its dissolution the new countries had access to the topographic maps covering their...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Although climate change is highly prevalent in the media, people in Europe and the United States are often unsure about climate change terms, processes, and its personal consequences as discussed by the authors. In other word...
Abstract: Although climate change is highly prevalent in the media, people in Europe and the United States are often unsure about climate change terms, processes, and its personal consequences. In other word...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the evolution of the cartography and toponymy of the second largest geyser field in the world, the Valley of Geysers in the Kronotsky Reserve (Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia).
Abstract: The article describes the evolution of the cartography and toponymy of the second largest geyser field in the world – the Valley of Geysers in the Kronotsky Reserve (Kamchatka Peninsula, Ru...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In the last third of the sixteenth century, the Spanish Crown launched a project to create a map of New World Regional maps would be obtained, which, referenced through a system of meridians and parallel arcs, would comprise a complete map of the continent as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: In the last third of the sixteenth century, the Spanish Crown launched a project to create a map of the New World Regional maps would be obtained, which, referenced through a system of meridians and parallel arcs, would comprise a complete map of the continent The mechanism devised for this purpose was that of surveys, known as the Relaciones Geograficas (Geographic Relations) Each town would be sent a questionnaire with more than 50 questions that should also be completed with a map of the region The majority of these maps, known as pinturas, lacked field measurements, and therefore also lacked both scale and geographical coordinates Only a few cases were created following the standards of European cartography Among these are the maps made by Francisco Gali In this paper, we study the map of Tlacotalpa, one of the first examples of local nautical charting in Latin America

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the rendering of minority place names on maps of the Third Austrian Military Survey was investigated, i.e., the Francisco-Josephinian topographical survey in the scales 1:75,000 and 1:30,000.
Abstract: The paper investigates into the rendering of minority place names on maps of the Third Austrian Military Survey, ie the Francisco-Josephinian topographical survey in the scales 1:75 000 (‘Special

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The cultural gap between Europe and Asia (at first political and then religious) saw an increase with the spread of Islam, which, to the European imagination, was synonymous with ‘foreign’ as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The cultural gap between Europe and Asia (at first political and then religious) saw an increase with the spread of Islam, which, to the European imagination, was synonymous with ‘foreign’. This se...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the early modern English public's knowledge of maps was investigated using the Early English Books Online (EEBO) and Eighteenth Century Book Online (ECCO) databases of digitized early modern literature.
Abstract: Curiosity about imaginary thematic maps described in The Consolidator, Daniel Defoe’s 1705 satirical fantasy about a trip to the Moon, inspired research into the early modern English public's knowledge of maps. The Early English Books Online (EEBO) and Eighteenth Century Books Online (ECCO) databases of digitized early modern literature were employed. A full-text EEBO search of 1600–1700 found the word ‘map’ and its variants in 3382 records. A similar search in ECCO of 1701–1710 yielded results in 1425 records. About half of the results are printed map illustrations and mentions of actual maps, while the remainder are map metaphors in sermons, poems, plays, etc. The metaphors can be classified using Oxford English Dictionary definitions of ‘map’. This literary use of map metaphors arguably prepared the public to accept maps as tools for the visualization of invisible or intangible physical and cultural phenomena, when thematic maps began to develop in the mid-eighteenth century.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The teragon-test revealed an unexpected loss of symmetry from both the Visvalingam and Douglas-Peucker options, making the tested versions unsuitable for some applications, especially outside of cartography.
Abstract: There are several open source and commercial implementations of the Visvalingam algorithm for line generalization. The algorithm provides scope for implementation-specific interpretations, with dif...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors highlight Jeppe's British connections to draw out a partisan thread in the life and work of this meticulous mapmaker, one that had a direct effect on military intelligence just before the conflagration of the South African War in 1899.
Abstract: The German-born technocrat Friedrich Heinrich (Fred) Jeppe (1833–1898) is identified more than any other individual with the nineteenth-century cartography of the South African Republic (Transvaal). Many existing studies note that he was an Anglophile who served the short-lived British colonial government (1877–1881), a bureaucrat who operated within the settler republics that preceded and followed it, and a figure whose work extended beyond the realm of cartography narrowly. Very few, however, have considered his role as a passive and, at times, active agent who channelled information to the British government at least until his own death in June 1898. Based on extensive archival research, this essay highlights Jeppe's British connections to draw out a different, more partisan thread in the life and work of this meticulous mapmaker, one that had a direct effect on military intelligence just before the conflagration of the South African War in 1899.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The first edition of Cartography is a good introduction to map-making as mentioned in this paper, and it made for an excellent crash-course text for new students, which made it suitable for any course.
Abstract: I’ve long had a copy of the first edition of Cartography - an introduction in my library, and have frequently thought it made for an excellent crash-course text on map-making for new students. I th...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: When classical statistical atlases in Western Europe and North America had already seen their heyday by the end of the First World War and were in decline, newly independent nations in Eastern Europe as mentioned in this paper were emerging.
Abstract: When ‘classical’ statistical atlases in Western Europe and North America had already seen their heyday by the end of the First World War and were in decline, newly independent nations in Eastern Eu...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A compound hierarchy to be used in cartographic labelling of streets to ease navigation of street maps and to provide more understandability and legibility of street features for map users is proposed.
Abstract: This paper proposes a compound hierarchy to be used in cartographic labelling of streets. The main purposes of this hierarchy are to ease navigation of street maps and to provide more understandability and legibility of street features for map users. The hierarchy uses centrality measures along with functional classes of the streets to order features according to their spatial importance in each used zoom level. The calculation of a proper radius, to be employed in the calculations of centrality measures, is based on extracting proper field of view in the map user’s focus status. The used measures are integrated using fuzzy-analytic hierarchy process, yielding proper coefficients to create the hierarchy. The hierarchy is applied for the thinning process and later for using the styled layer descriptor to label street features. Quality constrains are implemented to make the street labels more understandable and readable.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The principle of "the higher, the darker" in the monochrome and polychrome design of height layer was introduced by von Hauslab as discussed by the authors, who was regarded as the innovator of chromolithography in cartography.
Abstract: Franz von Hauslab is regarded as innovator of chromolithography in cartography and as originator of the principle of ‘the higher, the darker’ in the monochrome and polychrome design of height layer...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the methodological development and generation of an autostereoscopic hardcopy display of Antarctic topography, showing two superimposed surfaces of both the ice sheet and the rock-bed and, in addition, of the surrounding seafloor, thus displaying a vertical drop of more than 12,000m.
Abstract: Within the past 10–15 years true-3D lenticular cartography has experienced a remarkable boost. In the course of this development, besides studies into its potential for thematic-cartographic representations, the synoptic depiction of physical surfaces (‘geo[graphical] surfaces’) has been playing a significant role. In this context the innovative holistic display of complex morphological and topographical conditions is of particular interest. The simultaneous representation of various cartographic parameters at different depths will deliver an enormous surplus of information transfer in the field of thematic cartography as well as in physical/topographic cartography. This paper describes the methodological development and generation of an autostereoscopic hardcopy display of Antarctic topography. The purpose was the simultaneous depiction of the two superimposed surfaces of both the ice-sheet and the rock-bed and, in addition, of the surrounding seafloor, thus displaying a vertical drop of more than 12,000 m.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors claim that patenting a map projection is largely pointless because essentially similar transformations are readily available in the public domain and patenting them is a waste of time.
Abstract: John Parr Snyder claimed that patenting a map projection was largely pointless because essentially similar transformations are readily available in the public domain. Map projection patents are rar...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Waldo Tobler was a genius as discussed by the authors who was one of the first to use a map transformation algorithm for real-time complex map transformation, which can be seen as a way of transforming a map into any way you want, as you watch it.
Abstract: Waldo Tobler was a genius. Very few people are, far fewer than the normal proportions banded around, but Waldo was one. He appeared to greatly dislike being singled out in this way, but now he is dead it has to be said. Unlike many geniuses he is most remembered for his affable manner, his very kindly smile, the remarkable longevity of this academic life, his great academic achievements and – much more importantly – for being very kind, especially to strangers. A generation of scholars who received his collected works on floppy disc (later on CD) is evidence for his commitment to engage with other scholars. He made no distinction between the hierarchies in academia and gave young scholars the same respect and attention as senior academics, acting as a mentor and source of inspiration to many of them. Understanding and discovery were his real aspirations. His most simple of discoveries are most often quoted, ‘Tobler’s law’ and ‘Tobler’s walking rule’, but behind such simplistic truisms, there was a mind that was constantly producing ideas that others, including the vast majority of his colleagues, rarely understood at the time. It is lucky he was such a patient man or else he could have become exasperated. One of Waldo’s earliest papers was entitled ‘Automation and cartography’ and was published in the Geographical Review (Tobler, 1959). He was at the forefront years before his contemporaries, but his great modesty meant that few initially noticed – and none resented. Through the 1960s he quietly produced what would become seminal papers, the first on computer animation, on medieval mapping, on the mathematics of mapping and on filters and the inverses (in Geographical Analysis) – touching on what we now know as spatial smoothing and sharpening – and about the methodology behind everything from optical character reading to, eventually, automated face recognition. He began all this with a wonderful PhD thesis on map transformations (Tobler, 1961). Waldo did modern cartograms first, and the way they are still made today is essentially his method; admittedly with a few very clever tweaks that speed things up considerably and mean that we are on the verge of real-time complex map transformation; when any map morphs in any way you want, as you watch it. With most inventors, it is possible to say that if they had not done it someone else would have stepped in shortly afterwards and filled their boots, or even that someone else was actually inventing the same things at the very same time because it was actually the next obvious step to take. You cannot say that about Tobler. There was no one else at the same time doing anything at all similar and many of his ideas remain to this day to still be taken forward because they are still too innovative for our times. Waldo operated as if he had come from the future. His ideas about the (imaginary still to be visualized economic) winds that move migrants around the USA and the transformation of time to morph it into space have not yet been taken very far forwards. In 1971 he was one of the first, and possibly still the only, human geographer to have a paper published in Nature on archaeology (Tobler and Wineburg, 1971). Tobler’s most productive year was 1973. In a paper published in the Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences that year he showed how the districting problem of the USA, and anywhere else in the world, could be solved (Tobler, 1973a). This was done by simply putting a hexagonal grid over an equal population density map and then re-projecting those hexagons back into real space to create a set of districts that fairly defined each of equal population. Imagine if his ideas had been taken up – no more gerrymandering in US politics! In Geographical Analysis that year he demonstrated completely new forms of mapping (Tobler, 1973b). And in a collected work, he explained how the geometry of our imagined mental maps could be better understood (Tobler, 1973c). And then, for a further five decades he just carried on publishing. Keith Clarke has written about this later period in his obituary of Waldo published in CaGIS (Clarke, 2018).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This method models cartographic colour reproduction as a constrained transform problem, namely, adapting a map’s gamut to fit a device's gamut while preserving the semiotic quality, and implements the self-organizing map method, which offers better results than two alternatives.
Abstract: Colour distortion, which is caused by the unavoidable mismatch between a map’s gamut and a device’s gamut, negatively affects the semiotic quality of maps. Cartographic communication often suffers ...