Showing papers in "Cataloging & Classification Quarterly in 1986"
TL;DR: A theoretical basis for identifying and classifying the kinds of subjects a picture may have is suggested, using previously developed principles of cataloging and classification, and concepts taken from the philosophy of art, from meaning in language, and from visual perception are suggested.
Abstract: This paper suggests a theoretical basis for identifying and classifying the kinds of subjects a picture may have, using previously developed principles of cataloging and classification, and concepts taken from the philosophy of art, from meaning in language, and from visual perception. The purpose of developing this theoretical basis is to provide the reader with a means for evaluating, adapting, and applying presently existing indexing languages, or for devising new languages for pictorial materials; this paper does not attempt to invent or prescribe a particular indexing language.
422 citations
TL;DR: It was found that references in books or articles they read; the Subject Catalog; and printed indexes, bibliographies and research guides in that order were the three most utilized information sources.
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to obtain information which would help planners of the online catalog design a catalog which would be relevant to the needs of university faculty. Data was obtained by means of a questionnaire mailed to the faculty, College of Humanities, University of Utah. It was found that (1) references in books or articles they read; (2) the Subject Catalog; and (3) printed indexes, bibliographies and research guides in that order were the three most utilized information sources. Browsing was an important fourth. The faculty would like more in-depth coverage of the local library collection rather than access to other library catalogs or online databases from the catalog terminal. Feedback and comments in response to an open-ended question varied.
25 citations
TL;DR: This paper proposes a model of the expert system for determining title proper as the first element of the first area in ISBD, and applies the "list" concept for the system data structure and addresses the potentiality of this conceptual model.
Abstract: The human process of determining bibliographic data from title pages of monographs is complex, yet systematic. This paper investigates the intellectual process involved, in conceptual and logical levels, by proposing a model of the expert system for determining title proper as the first element of the first area in ISBD. It assumes that the title page of a monograph consists of more than one block of character or graphic representation. Each block has its physical and content characteristics and can be separated from other blocks by separators. Three categories of expert knowledge are identified, and the system model is discussed along with its individual system component. It applies the "list" concept for the system data structure and addresses the potentiality of this conceptual model.
16 citations
TL;DR: An examination of subject heading practices in the card catalogs of libraries in one New York State county and an analysis of selected subject headings found that only the largest libraries were able to provide any kind of subject authority control.
Abstract: An examination of subject heading practices in the card catalogs of libraries in one New York State county and an analysis of selected subject headings found that only the largest libraries were able to provide any kind of subject authority control. Furthermore, not even the largest libraries were able to provide the "See Also" references upon which the Library of Congress assignment of subject headings is based. Changes in LCSH headings resulted in great confusion and a dispersal of resources in the smaller libraries. Is this situation typical of practices at other libraries in other parts of the United States? If so, the implications could be very serious. The study offers no answers, but raises important questions.
7 citations
TL;DR: The findings of this study suggest further research that could be done to provide empirical validation for rules for access point determination is needed.
Abstract: The problem addressed in this paper is that of simplifying access point determination. A critique is made of the simple, mechanical rule whereby every name appearing in certain designatable locations within a publication qualifies as an access point. Then a more acceptable version of the every-name-an-access-point rule is tested empirically against a sample of 400 English language monographs. Conclusions reached concern (1) the responsibility profiles of these monographs, i.e., how many authors, editors, illustrators and emanators are typically associated with them and in what combinations, and (2) the relative productivity of different locations within them, e.g., title pages and tables of contents, as sources of access points. The study was conceived to be exploratory in nature and its findings suggest further research that could be done to provide empirical validation for rules for access point determination.
6 citations
TL;DR: The United States Newspapers Program (USNP) is a cooperative venture of the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Library of Congress and will eventually involve libraries in all 50 states and territories as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The publication by OCLC of the United States Newspaper Program National Union List in June, 1985 is an important milestone for librarians in general as well as for participants in the Program and OCLC. The United States Newspapers Program (USNP) is a cooperative venture of the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Library of Congress and will eventually involve libraries in all 50 states and territories. The Program seeks to create an online data base with bibliographic records and holdings statements for all newspapers held in U.S. libraries regardless of their place of publication. To begin with U.S. newspapers are the focus. As the largest union list product produced by OCLC, this nearly 6,000- page set is impressive. However, bulk is not the most important characteristic. By providing access to bibliographic records contributed by many libraries around the nation in new ways, OCLC has responded to patron and librarian demands. The chronological, intended audience (subject), language, and place...
4 citations
TL;DR: The scale of the program has required specificity of goals and objectives, satisfying standards for inclusion of records in the national serials data base while maintaining reasonable economies, and some of the mechanisms put in place to achieve that balance are outlined.
Abstract: The bibliographic component of the United States Newspaper Program comprises cooperative efforts to locate and catalog the more than 300,000 newspapers published in the U.S. and its territories since colonial times, and to enter bibliographic and holdings information about those titles into the CONSER data base. The attempt to gain bibliographic control over existing newspaper collections, as well as the attempt to gather and organize previously uncollected materials, has required procedural adaptations determined by a unique set of working conditions. The scale of the program has required specificity of goals and objectives, satisfying standards for inclusion of records in the national serials data base while maintaining reasonable economies. This paper outlines some of the mechanisms put in place to achieve that balance.
3 citations
TL;DR: An experiment in latest entry cataloging of selected serial title changes is currently being conducted at Northwestern University Library, and the study team is encouraged with the results, but will continue gathering cataloging statistics and will conduct user studies before adopting latest entries cataloging as a permanent option.
Abstract: An experiment in latest entry cataloging of selected serial title changes is currently being conducted at Northwestern University Library. The integrated structure of Northwestern's automated system NOTIS and its applications to serials processing were primary factors leading to the investigation of latest entry cataloging as an alternative to the current standard of successive entry cataloging for serial title changes. A systematic investigation was conducted through most of 1985 and allowed project staff to identify and evaluate a number of concerns and problems. The study team is encouraged with the results, but will continue gathering cataloging statistics and will conduct user studies before adopting latest entry cataloging as a permanent option.
3 citations
TL;DR: The task of adopting consistent descriptive terminology presents the field with its greatest challenge, and will ease the transition to widespread use of machine readable cataloging, expanded access points, and greater cooperation among rare book and research libraries.
Abstract: In the forty years since Paul Dunkin's call for significant expansions in rare books cataloging, such developments as the adaptation of computing power to library problems and the widespread adoption of MARC formats and ISBD in descriptive cataloging have, simultaneously, opened the way for such expansions and created new problems. The modifications in ISBD and MARC tags to meet specific concerns of rare books catalogers illustrate this process. It is, however the task of adopting consistent descriptive terminology which presents the field with its greatest challenge, and will ease the transition to widespread use of machine readable cataloging, expanded access points, and greater cooperation among rare book and research libraries.
3 citations
TL;DR: The experiences of the Penn State team in their quest to identify, inventory and catalog newspapers in a variety of unorthodox and exciting situations are shared in this article, focusing on problems associated with identifying titles, linking titles, updating cataloging and gathering holdings data.
Abstract: On-site newspaper cataloging in libraries, historical societies, newspaper publishers' offices and private collectors' homes in rural northcentral Pennsylvania created a host of challenges and rewards for project librarians of the Pennsylvania Newspaper Project. The experiences of the Penn State team in their quest to identify, inventory and catalog newspapers in a variety of unorthodox and exciting situations are shared in this article. The paper focuses on problems associated with identifying titles, linking titles, updating cataloging and gathering holdings data, and offers some solutions to those problems.
2 citations
TL;DR: The origin and growth of NACO, its operations, and prospects for future cooperation are described.
Abstract: Over the past nine years, the Name Authority Co-op Project (NACO) has grown to become an important source of both authority and bibliographic records in the LC database. With the implementation of the Linked Systems Project in late 1985, the enriched LC authorities database is being made available on a more timely basis to a wider library public. This article describes the origin and growth of NACO, its operations, and prospects for future cooperation.
TL;DR: Librarians should lobby to have the single record approach adopted as national policy for serial publications, especially due to the proliferation of preservation microfilming efforts and union list projects.
Abstract: Current national cataloging policy requires the creation of unique cataloging records for an original publication and each of its microfilm reproductions. Such redundant entries are difficult to decipher and expensive to produce and maintain. The case of serial publications is most urgent, especially due to the proliferation of preservation microfilming efforts and union list projects. The master record concept used in the United States Newspaper Project offers a viable alternative method. Librarians should lobby to have the single record approach adopted as national policy.
TL;DR: In this paper, aupres de 60 bibliotheques sur les activites de catalogage de documents reproduits: personnel, formation, temps passe, qualite du travail, influence du catalogue en ligne
Abstract: Enquete aupres de 60 bibliotheques sur les activites de catalogage de documents reproduits: personnel, formation, temps passe, qualite du travail, influence du catalogue en ligne
TL;DR: The bibliographic phase of the Pennsylvania Newspaper Project is described in terms of organization and procedures and an innovative system of profiling has been developed to allow for the inclusion, into OCLC, of the holdings of small repositories and private individuals.
Abstract: The bibliographic phase of the Pennsylvania Newspaper Project (PaNP) is described in terms of organization and procedures. During the first year of the PaNP, cataloging at five sites distributed geographically throughout Pennsylvania was implemented. Overall project direction is provided at the State Library of Pennsylvania and CONSER authentication for Pennsylvania newspaper cataloging is performed at the University of Pittsburgh (Pitt). The article emphasizes activities at the University of Pittsburgh and documents procedures and recommendations by the staff at Pitt. Unique complexities of cataloging newspapers and recording holdings information are examined. An innovative system of profiling has been developed to allow for the inclusion, into OCLC, of the holdings of small repositories and private individuals.
TL;DR: The paper identifies five factors which result in duplication of original cataloging and inhibit shared cataloging programs among research libraries and several mechanisms whereby duplication ofOriginal cataloging efforts can be minimized in order to increase the efficacy of shared Cataloging programs.
Abstract: During the summer of 1985 the authors wrote "Shared Cataloging: Some Remaining Issues" as a background document for discussions of the Committee on Bibliographic Control of the Association of Research Libraries (ARL). The paper identifies five factors which result in duplication of original cataloging and inhibit shared cataloging programs among research libraries. Several mechanisms whereby duplication of original cataloging efforts can be minimized in order to increase the efficacy of shared cataloging programs are described. The paper concludes by enumerating eight recommendations for further investigation.
TL;DR: The rules for description in Harriman's Newspaper Cataloging Manual are compared to those found in Chapter 1 (General Rules for Description) and Chapter 12 (Serials) of AACR2, and the pertinent Library of Congress rule interpretations that have appeared in Cataloging Service Bulletin.
Abstract: The rules for description in Harriman's Newspaper Cataloging Manual are compared to those found in Chapter 1 (General Rules for Description) and Chapter 12 (Serials) of AACR2, and the pertinent Library of Congress rule interpretations that have appeared in Cataloging Service Bulletin. Some of the differences among the documents, both major and minor, are discussed.
TL;DR: The origin of the U.S. Newspaper Program and the involvement with it by the National Endowment for the Humanities are reviewed and the program's contributions are described as a model for future cooperative preservation programs.
Abstract: The origin of the US Newspaper Program and the involvement with it by the National Endowment for the Humanities are reviewed Activities of the Endowment's Office of Preservation are described along with the US Newspaper Program's contributions as a model for future cooperative preservation programs
TL;DR: Cette nouvelle approche de l'indexation est une tentative de lier indexation controlee et indexation libre s'appuie sur des categories thematiques refletant le cadre conceptuel d'une discipline donnee.
Abstract: Cette nouvelle approche de l'indexation est une tentative de lier indexation controlee et indexation libre. Elle s'appuie sur des categories thematiques refletant le cadre conceptuel d'une discipline donnee. Ces categories fournissent des ensembles structures de vedettes matieres controlees que l'on complete par des mots libres. Exemple d'application au domaine litteraire
TL;DR: The areas covered are: Soviet Union, Baltic States, Siberia, Soviet Central Asia, Soviet Far East, Ural Mountains Region, and fifteen individual republics.
Abstract: Additional period subdivisions are proposed, with justifications, for the Library of Congress's subject headings for the Soviet Union. The areas covered are: Soviet Union, Baltic States, Siberia, Soviet Central Asia, Soviet Far East, Ural Mountains Region, and fifteen individual republics.