Showing papers in "Cataloging & Classification Quarterly in 1993"
TL;DR: The conclusion recognizes the need to understand the differences between subject thesauri and subject heading lists, and the pressing need to investigate and understand intellectual control of visual archives in today's automated environment.
Abstract: The following investigation is a comparison between the Art and Architecture Thesaurus (AAT) and the LC Thesaurus for Graphic Materials (LCTGM), two popular sources for providing subject access to visual archives. The analysis begins with a discussion on the nature of visual archives and the employment of archival control theory to graphic materials. The major difference observed is that the AAT is a faceted structure geared towards a specialized audience of art and architecture researchers, while LCTGM is similar to LCSH in structure and aims to service the wide-spread archival community. The conclusion recognizes the need to understand the differences between subject thesauri and subject heading lists, and the pressing need to investigate and understand intellectual control of visual archives in today's automated environment.
21Â citations
TL;DR: The author identifies the variety of ways that Cataloging content is covered in education programs particularly the titles of courses containing cataloging content and calls for curriculum experts to be aware of the quantitative and qualitative requirements of the profession.
Abstract: This study examines what is taught in sixteen library schools in the United States. The trends and needs of Cataloging and Classification professionals were analyzed from professional literature and compared with course descriptions. The author identifies the variety of ways that cataloging content is covered in education programs particularly the titles of courses containing cataloging content and also calls for curriculum experts to be aware of the quantitative and qualitative requirements of the profession.
17Â citations
TL;DR: The role of subject headings in providing access to information for the Spanish-speaking population of the United States is examined.
Abstract: This article examines the role of subject headings in providing access to information for the Spanish-speaking population of the United States. Such tools for assigning subject headings as Li- bran of Connress Subiecr Headinns (LCSH) and Bilindex are ex- am&edSand 6eir effectheness assessed. A pika is made to technical services librarians to go beyond standardized methods of cataloging in order to assure me&ngiul access for Spanish-speaking patrons.
16Â citations
TL;DR: This symposium serves as a revelation to the real importance of cataloging in the profession of librarianship by sensitizing both library administration and educators to the usefulness of catalogers to the profession.
Abstract: Educating catalogers to an ever changing society is a challenge that the profession must be prepared to face. This symposium serves as a revelation to the real importance of cataloging in the profession of librarianship. By sensitizing both library administration and educators to the usefulness of catalogers to the profession, hopefully, will make it a priority.
16Â citations
TL;DR: The hypothesis advanced in the present project is that to a considerable degree there is a clearcut right and wrong to LCSH subject heading assignment.
Abstract: Recent papers have called attention to discrepancies in the assignment of Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH). While philosoohical arguments can be made that subject analysis, if not a logical impossibility, at least is point-of-view dependent subject headings continue to be assigned and continue to be useful. The hypothesis advanced in the present project is that to a considerable degree there is a clearcut right and wrong to LCSH subject heading assignment. To test the hypothesis, it was postulated that the assignment of a subject heading is correct if it is supported by textual warrant (at least 20 percent of the book being calaloged is on the topic) and is constructed in accordance with the Library of Congress Subject Cataloging Manual: Subject Headings. A sample of 100 books on scientific subjects was used to test the hypothesis.
13Â citations
TL;DR: The revision of AACR2 is based on four tenets: minor and repetitive word changes to the text, the removal of the concept of primary responsibility from the rules, the elimination of all rules concerning corporate main entry, and the integration of the added entry rules into the main portion of the text.
Abstract: The concept of the main entry has lost any meaningful purpose in today's online cataloging environment, despite a multiplicity of definitions. To bring current cataloging tools up-to-date, AACR2 chapter 21 and the MARC format need to be revised. The revision of AACR2 is based on four tenets: (1) minor and repetitive word changes to the text, (2) the removal of the concept of primary responsibility from the rules, (3) the elimination of all rules concerning corporate main entry, and (4) the integration of the added entry rules into the main portion of the text. Updating the MARC format includes the obsolescence of the IXX fields while altering the 7XX fields to indicate former main entries and from which entry the work in hand was Cuttered.
13Â citations
TL;DR: This edition provides intensive subject specificity through detailed term listings and full synthetic capability and allows a large measure of flexibility in arrangement and syntax.
Abstract: Publication of the 2nd edition of the Bliss Bibliographic Classification presents librarians with a fresh opportunity to reassess the nature and benefits of helpful order for their collections and records. Half the parts are now available, exhibiting major expansion, revision, and development of the scheme. The new edition is sponsored by the Bliss Classification Association which welcomes the views and input of American librarians. It has been applied to libraries and information centers and used in thesaurus construction. This edition provides intensive subject specificity through detailed term listings and full synthetic capability. The notation is designed to be as brief as possible for the detail attainable. The classification allows a large measure of flexibility in arrangement and syntax.
10Â citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present their views on education for cataloging from the perspective of a practicing cataloger who spends a portion of her time as a library science educator devoted to teaching cataloging.
Abstract: Educators and practitioners usually have very different views on what should be included in cataloging courses. The educators believe that a good theoretical foundation in bibliographic control and subject analysis will prepare graduates to work as catalog librarians. The practitioners usually believe that the person who completes a cataloging class in library school is qualified to begin a training program. I have been asked to present my views on education for cataloging from the perspective of a practicing cataloger who spends a portion of her time as a library science educator devoted to teaching cataloging.
8Â citations
TL;DR: The proposition of implementing laboratories, curriculum improvement for catalogers, and creation of internships gives the library student a mixture of theory and application, assuring proficiency as a first-time cataloger.
Abstract: Future production of qualified first-time catalogers depends on the amount of cooperation between educator/practitioner. Collectively, both educator and practitioner must find common ground in education and preparation for the library student to be fully competent as a cataloger. The proposition of implementing laboratories, curriculum improvement for catalogers, and creation of internships gives the library student a mixture of theory and application, assuring proficiency as a first-time cataloger.
8Â citations
TL;DR: Three alternatives for obtaining bibliographic records from sources outside the Cataloging Department of the Ohio State University Libraries are discussed: commercial vendors; cooperative cataloging; and the use of temporary help.
Abstract: This paper is based on a report issued by an Ohio State University Ad Hoc Task Force which was formed to investigate alternative methods for obtaining bibliographic records from sources outside the Cataloging Department of the Ohio State University Libraries. In this paper, three alternatives are discussed: commercial vendors; cooperative cataloging; and the use of temporary help. The conclusion that was reached by the Task Force was that the use of cooperative cataloging is the best alternative for the Ohio State University Libraries from both practical and economical points of view.
7Â citations
TL;DR: Since the days of hand written catalog cards, catalogers have continually searched for, utilized, and implemented new technologies in an effort to provide more efficient and accurate access to library materials.
Abstract: Since the days of hand written catalog cards, catalogers have continually searched for, utilized, and implemented new technologies in an effort to provide more efficient and accurate access to library materials. From hand written locally produced cards to Library of Congress cards, and from typewriters to increasingly complex computerized workstations, catalogers have experimented with and adapted new methods that would permit them to focus less time on the mechanical aspects of cataloging and more on its intellectual side. Present automated workstations and the promise for tomorrow's more complex systems demand a continued adaptation and redefinition of the cataloger's role in information provision.
TL;DR: Library administrators, heads of techni- cal services and catalog departments, and other catalogers also need to be aware of the particular difficulties that Middle East catalogers face.
Abstract: Cataloging of materials in Arabic, Turkish, Persian, and related lannuanes presents numerous soecial difficulties. The au- thor discusses-in aet&l problems presenied by the languages and scripts and their romanizations. He also deals with different calendar systems used in the Middle East and with representative problems in Library of Congress classification of Middle Eastern materials. The Middle East cataloger must be aware of and deal with these and 0th- er problems on a daily basis. Library administrators, heads of techni- cal services and catalog departments, and other catalogers also need to be aware of the particular difficulties that Middle East catalogers face.
TL;DR: The National Library of Canada's main mandate is to acquire, catalogue, and promote Canadians regardless of language or place of publication, which includes policies governing cataloguing in languages other than English and French.
Abstract: The National Library of Canada's main mandate is to acquire, catalogue, and promote Canadians regardless of language or place of publication. Since Canada has two official languages, Eng- lish and French, the National Library aspires to bilingual biblio- graphic control. Technological advancks t ~ a t link bilinngual authority files and allow a lanmane-specific user interface make bilinmal cat- aloguing of individial ;[ems unnecessary. The National fibmy's cataloguing policy for materials in both official languages is out- lined, as well as policies governing cataloguing in languages other than English and French. As a resource-sharing agency, the National Library also operates a separate Multilingual Bibliosewice (MBS) collection to assist public libraries across lhe country in providing heritage-language material to their users. The MBS currently has collections in thiuty-two languages and several scripts, all of which are catalogued in the vernacular. The automated MBS-MINISIS sys- tem is a pioneer mul...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors highlight key points made by presenters at the Third Annette Lewis Phinazee Symposium and relate them to trends and needs in the education of specialists in technical services.
Abstract: This article highlights key points made by presenters at the Third Annette Lewis Phinazee Symposium and relates them to trends and needs in the education of specialists in technical services.
TL;DR: This paper argued that religious fundamentalism and creation science are not entitled in the library to "equal time" with science, since our society has made a provisional decision that such questions are most appropriately answered by conventional science.
Abstract: Collection development theory has generally neglected issues of fairness in the treatment of materials dealing with politics, religion, and other controversial subjects. The communication theory of Jurgen Habermas is proposed as a basis for a rational policy, and for dealing with difficult cases. It is suggested that as ideological conflict becomes less important in the relations between religious groups, it will be more acceptable for libraries to serve the particular religious interest of specific communities, rather than to treat religions as interest groups that, like political parties, should get "equal time" at all libraries. It is further argued that religious fundamentalism and "creation science" are not entitled in the library to "equal time" with science, since our society has made a provisional decision that such questions are most appropriately answered by conventional science. When the status of science is itself the issue, however, its critics from religion and elsewhere are entitled to a re...
TL;DR: The study focused on the development of a rule-based data validation system for quality control of Chinese-language records in the OCLC database, with emphasis on establishing a set of production rules for such a system.
Abstract: The study consisted of two interrelated parts: (1) a quality analysis of the Chinese-language records in the OCLC database, with emphasis on identifying errors in member-contributed records; and (2) the development of a rule-based data validation system for quality control of Chinese-language records in the OCLC database, with emphasis on establishing a set of production rules for such a system. One thousand three hundred six member-contributed Chinese records were randomly selected from the OCLC database and were examined by the researcher. Commonly occurring errors were identified and were categorized into three classes: format errors, content deficiency and inconsistency errors, and typographical errors of editing and inputting. The relationship between the number of times a record had been enhanced and errors still occurring in it was also studied.
TL;DR: In the preparation of a book on how to do a literature search, many inconsistencies were found in the assignment of subject terms and there is a need to provide a single thesaurus for all English index terms.
Abstract: In the preparation of a book on how to do a literature search, many inconsistencies were found in the assignment of subject terms. The Library of Congress Subject Headings is cited for not bringing computer languages into a consistent pattern. BASIC and FORTRAN are treated differently in their see also references and are without references to the words "computers" or "computer." Also index terms for the literature search on the "search for extraterrestrial life" showed inconsistent patterns in indexing. Catalogers and indexers need to review the work they are currently publishing and try to decide how to bring some standardization to the construction of subject terms. There is a need to provide a single thesaurus for all English index terms.
TL;DR: The author proposes the three areas of simplification, stabilization, and internationalization as goals in effecting improvements in cataloging rules and practice.
Abstract: The cataloging of Chinese legal materials is described as a challenging field of s~ecialization based on a comolex varietv of factors. The author proposes the three areas of simplification, stabilization, and internationalization as goals in effecting improvements in cataloging rules and practice.
TL;DR: Semantic equivalence is shown to be the proper basis for linkage, and linkage based on semantic equivalence can be accommodated by the current structure of the USMARC Format for Bibliographic Data.
Abstract: USMARC records that contain non-Roman scripts exhibit two types of linkage between the Latin script fields and their alternate graphic representation (the non-Roman text): linkage based on systematic romanization, and linkage between names for the same person, place, or thing. The lack of rules for linkage inhibits copy cataloging, and causes inconsistency on record displays. To determine an unequivocal basis for linkage, four types of field association in bibliographic records are examined: hierarchy of components, functional equivalence, semantic equivalence, and systematic romanization. Semantic equivalence is shown to be the proper basis for linkage. Linkage based on semantic equivalence can be accommodated by the current structure of the USMARC Format for Bibliographic Data
TL;DR: In many libraries the cataloging of materials in African languages is done of necessity by librarians who have little or no back- ground in the languages or the subject matter.
Abstract: In many libraries the cataloging of materials in African languages is done of necessity by librarians who have little or no back- ground in the languages or the subject matter. Guidelines and reference tools are suggested for the non-specialist cataloger, and suggestions are made for an appropriate attitude toward the whole problem.
TL;DR: In this article, a cooperative cataloging program among libraries with major collections in the Slavic and East European languages and in the lan- guages of the former Soviet Union is proposed.
Abstract: This paper proposes, as a backlog reduction strategy, a national cooperative cataloging program among libraries with major collections in the Slavic and East European languages and in the lan- guages of the former Soviet Union. The long-standing problem of cataloging backlogs is discussed, including a brief discussion of some of the other ways that have been used to address the problem. The proposal for a cooperative effort is outlined and some of the cat- aloging issues to be considered are discussed.
TL;DR: The authors argue that cataloging is a necessary foundation for all aspects of serials work and argue that library school education for serials librarians should provide a solid foundation in the basics and pave the way for career long continuing education both on-the-job and through more formal mechanisms.
Abstract: This presentation discusses the diversity of serials librarianship and argues that cataloging is a necessary foundation for all aspects of serials work. Library school education for serials librarians should provide a solid foundation in the basics and pave the way for career long continuing education both on-the-job and through more formal mechanisms.
TL;DR: Recommendations are made for a new file of machine-readable authority records for period subdivisions and for enhancements to the existing file of subject authority records to enable online systems to assist in subject heading formulation and verify, with limited assistance by human intermediaries, the individual components of subdivided headings.
Abstract: This paper recognizes the limitations of the existing file of Library of Congress (LC) subject authority records for subject heading assignment and validation. It makes recommendations for a new file of machine-readable authority records for period subdivisions and for enhancements to the existing file of subject authority records. Recommended changes would enable online systems to assist in subject heading formulation and verify, with limited assistance by human intermediaries, the individual components of subdivided headings. The recommendations are timely in view of changes to the forms of period subdivisions that the Library of Congress is studying to facilitate the display of period subdivisions in chronological order. The availability of machine-readable authority records for most period subdivisions would enable online systems to automatically make changes to the forms of period subdivisions in bibliographic records using cross references for previously-used forms in the authority records for the n...
TL;DR: The teaching of practice versus theory in librarianship remains an issue and a commentary on how library schools are dealing with the problem is provided.
Abstract: Together library schools and libraries can prepare entry level professional librarians for a smooth transition to the practical world of librarianship in technical services. The teaching of practice versus theory in librarianship remains an issue; this article is a commentary on how library schools are dealing with the problem.
TL;DR: The development of regional on-line catalogs and in-house information systems for retrieval of references provide examples of the impact of indexing theory and applications on technical processing.
Abstract: The development of regional on-line catalogs and in-house information systems for retrieval of references provide examples of the impact of indexing theory and applications on technical processing. More emphasis must be given to understanding the techniques for evaluating the effectiveness of a file, irrespective of whether that file was created as a library catalog or an index to information sources. The most significant advances in classification theory in recent decades has been as a result of efforts to improve effectiveness of indexing systems. Library classification systems are indexing languages or systems. Courses offered for the preparation of indexers in the United States and the United Kingdom are reviewed. A point of congruence for both the indexer and the library classifier would appear to be the need for a thorough preparation in the techniques of subject analysis. Any subject heading list will suffer from omissions as well as the inclusion of terms which the patron will never use. Indexing ...
TL;DR: This work will look at the choices American institutions have made about using vernacular Hebrew script to catalog Hebraica, issues involved in these choices, and the financial and technical re- sources that are available for cataloging Hebrew script materials.
Abstract: Many American academic and research libraries are cataloging Hebrew script materials into online catalogs. These are items that are currently being acquired, extant collections that are undergoing retrospective conversion, or uncataloged backlogs. Insti- tutions need to decide whether to include vernacular Hebrew script in the catalog records or to provide records in romanization. This pa- per will look at the choices American institutions have made about using vernacular Hebrew script to catalog Hebraica, issues involved in these choices, such as evaluating the financial and technical re- sources that are available for cataloging Hebrew script materials, and the (radeoffs between benefits and their costs.
TL;DR: Questions raised are whether the new symbols comply with thesaurus standards and if they are true to one or to several models, and how to map a restricted field of knowledge and use uniterms.
Abstract: LCSH is known as such since 1975. It always has created headings to serve the LC collections instead of a theoretical basis. It started to replace cross reference codes by thesaural codes in 1986, in a mechanical fashion. It was in no way transformed into a thesaurus. Its encyclopedic coverage, its pre-coordinate concepts make it substantially distinct, considering that thesauri usually map a restricted field of knowledge and use uniterms. The questions raised are whether the new symbols comply with thesaurus standards and if they are true to one or to several models. Explanations and definitions from other lists of subject headings and thesauri, literature in the field of classification and subject indexing will provide some answers
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors take Seymour Sargent's discussion of Jurgen Habermas's communication theory and Ken Shearer's concept of the "gatekeeper" as a starting point to sketch the organization of collection development within the research university community.
Abstract: Taking Seymour Sargent's discussion of Jurgen Habermas's communication theory and Ken Shearer's concept of the "gatekeeper" as a starting point, this article sketches the organization of collection development within the research university community. The collection development criteria which guide selection and the related responsibilities of selectors at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill are also briefly outlined.
TL;DR: What is expected of Technical librarians is dealt with; in addition, dispelling the myth of librarian as being only practitioners is dispelled, to promote research as part of continuing education for librarian.
Abstract: A critical problem facing technical services librarians is the lack of an appropriate method by which to train their nonprofessional staff. This article deals with what is expected of Technical librarians; in addition, dispelling the myth of librarians as being only practitioners. It is the aim of this paper to promote research as part of continuing education for librarians.
TL;DR: It was found that the extra workflow created for NACO participation at Indiana University, Bloomington-Cataloging Department nearly doubled the name authority costs.
Abstract: Participation in any one of the national online union cataloging programs is an honor and can be prestigious for the participating library. Indiana University has been involved with all of the cataloging programs to various degrees, but has increased its involvement with the NACO program. Based on the study conducted here, it was found that the extra workflow created for NACO participation at Indiana University, Bloomington-Cataloging Department nearly doubled the name authority costs.