Journal•ISSN: 0920-5861
Catalysis Today
Elsevier BV
About: Catalysis Today is an academic journal published by Elsevier BV. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Catalysis & Heterogeneous catalysis. It has an ISSN identifier of 0920-5861. Over the lifetime, 14176 publications have been published receiving 638532 citations.
Topics: Catalysis, Heterogeneous catalysis, Photocatalysis, Adsorption, Methane
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5,346 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the adsorption properties and reactivities of gold are summarized in terms of their size dependency from bulk to fine particles, clusters and atoms, and the catalytic performances of gold markedly depend on dispersion, supports, and preparation methods.
Abstract: The adsorption properties and reactivities of gold are summarized in terms of their size dependency from bulk to fine particles, clusters and atoms. The catalytic performances of gold markedly depend on dispersion, supports, and preparation methods. When gold is deposited on select metal oxides as hemispherical ultra-fine particles with diameters smaller than 5 run, it exhibits surprisingly high activities and/or selectivities in the combustion of CO and saturated hydrocarbons, the oxidation-decomposition of amines and organic halogenated compounds, the partial oxidation of hydrocarbons, the hydrogenation of carbon oxides, unsaturated carbonyl compounds, alkynes and alkadienes, and the reduction of nitrogen oxides. The unique catalytic nature of supported gold can be explained by assuming that the gold-metal oxide perimeter interface acts as a site for activating at least one of the reactants, for example, oxygen. Some examples and future prospects in applications are also briefly described.
3,854 citations
TL;DR: A review of technologies related to hydrogen production from both fossil and renewable biomass resources including reforming (steam, partial oxidation, autothermal, plasma, and aqueous phase) and pyrolysis is presented in this article.
Abstract: Currently, hydrogen is primarily used in the chemical industry, but in the near future it will become a significant fuel. There are many processes for hydrogen production. This paper reviews the technologies related to hydrogen production from both fossil and renewable biomass resources including reforming (steam, partial oxidation, autothermal, plasma, and aqueous phase) and pyrolysis. In addition, electrolysis and other methods for generating hydrogen from water, hydrogen storage related approaches, and hydrogen purification methods such as desulfurization and water-gas-shift are discussed.
2,673 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed the use of sunlight to produce the OH radicals by TiO2 photocatalysis and photo-Fenton process and summarized most of the research carried out related to solar photocatalytic degradation of water contaminants and how it could significantly contribute to the treatment of persistent toxic compounds.
Abstract: In recent years, there has been a tremendous amount of research and development in the area of photocatalysis (heterogeneous and homogeneous), a process included in a special class of oxidation techniques defined as Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs), all characterized by the same chemical feature, production of OH radicals. This paper reviews the use of sunlight to produce the OH radicals by TiO2 photocatalysis and photo-Fenton process. The reacting systems necessary for performing solar photocatalysis are described. The paper also summarizes most of the research carried out related to solar photocatalytic degradation of water contaminants, and how it could significantly contribute to the treatment of persistent toxic compounds. It outlines how to enhance the process efficiency by integration with biotreatment. Various solar reactors for photocatalytic water treatment mainly based on non-concentrating collectors built during the last few years are also described in detail in this review, as well as the use of the solar photocatalytic processes to inactivate microorganisms present in water, placing special emphasis on experimental systems made to optimize this disinfection technique.
2,541 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the basic fundamental principles are described as well as the influence of the main parameters governing the kinetics (mass of catalyst, wavelength, initial concentration, temperature and radiant flux).
Abstract: Photocatalysis is based on the double aptitude of the photocatalyst (essentially titania) to simultaneously adsorb both reactants and to absorb efficient photons. The basic fundamental principles are described as well as the influence of the main parameters governing the kinetics (mass of catalyst, wavelength, initial concentration, temperature and radiant flux). Besides the selective mild oxidation of organics performed in gas or liquid organic phase, UV-irradiated titania becomes a total oxidation catalyst once in water because of the photogeneration of OH radicals by neutralization of OH− surface groups by positive photo-holes. A large variety of organics could be totally degraded and mineralized into CO2 and harmless inorganic anions. Any attempt of improving titania’s photoactivity by noble metal deposition or ion-doping was detrimental. In parallel, heavy toxic metal ions (Hg2+, Ag+, noble metals) can be removed from water by photodeposition on titania. Several water -detoxification photocatalytic devices have already been commercialized. Solar platforms are working with large-scale pilot photoreactors, in which are degraded pollutants with quantum yields comparable to those determined in the laboratory with artificial light.
2,424 citations