Showing papers in "Catalysis Today in 1997"

TL;DR: In this article, the adsorption properties and reactivities of gold are summarized in terms of their size dependency from bulk to fine particles, clusters and atoms, and the catalytic performances of gold markedly depend on dispersion, supports, and preparation methods.

TL;DR: In this paper, a unified treatment of the mechanism of electrocatalysis of methanol oxidation on platinum and platinum-containing alloys is put forward, and the effect of various alloys are shown to be interpretable within this overall model.

TL;DR: In this paper, the formation of coke during the steam reforming of light hydrocarbons results mainly from catalytic reactions, and it is believed that the process is endemic to steam reforming in that the same intermediates are involved in the main reaction as are involved by coking.

TL;DR: The most important manufacturing processes for aniline and other bulk arylamines are based on the continuous catalytic hydrogenation of nitro compounds, employing heterogeneous copper, nickel or platinum-group metals as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: A thorough search of the published reports of these investigationes was carried out and they are analyzed in this paper as mentioned in this paper and an overview of the state of the art in the subject is given.

TL;DR: In this paper, it was suggested that the difference in the catalytic performances of copper and Group VIII metals was attributed to the reactivity of HCHO species formed in the course of the reactions.

TL;DR: In this paper, the state of the art for the heterogeneous enantioselective hydrogenation of α-ketoesters using cinchona modified Pt catalysts and related systems is reviewed.

TL;DR: In this article, the choice of a laboratory method for preparing a given catalyst depends on the physical and chemical characteristics desired in the final composition and experience shows that several ways of preparation can be considered, even for a given selection of the base material.

TL;DR: The use of silver to control putrefaction of liquids and as a mitigate to the incursion and spread of disease can be traced to ancient times as discussed by the authors, and studies have revealed the biochemical reactions of ionic silver that result in the inactivation of bacteria, fungi, protozoa, spirochetes, etc.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe several oxidation reactions conducted either at high temperatures in the gas phase or at moderate temperatures in liquid phase; in both cases they proceed via a mechanism of oxidative dehydrogenation on the metal surface.

TL;DR: In this article, the chemical phase behavior of the ceramic powders with varying stoichiometries was studied by high-temperature in-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) as a function of oxygen partial pressure.

TL;DR: A review of the recent development on the catalysis by solid bases can be found in this article, where a variety of organic reactions are catalyzed in a very selective manner by base catalysts.

TL;DR: In this article, the vapor phase Beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime to ϵ-caprolactam and the isomerization of a-pinene to campholenic aldehyde are discussed.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors review the catalytic aspects of internal reforming in two types of fuel cells, the molten carbonate (MCFC) and the solid oxide (SOFC).

TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe some aspects of recent investigations into the anodic oxidation of methanol, and discuss some advances in electrocatalysis of the reaction by non-noble materials.

TL;DR: In this paper, the synthesis conditions of supported metal catalysts using sol-gel method are reviewed, and potential applications of these materials are presented with emphasis on: thermally resistant materials, catalysts with low deactivation rates, high surface area materials and catalytic membrane reactors.

TL;DR: Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is a unique molecule having a versatile reactivity as mentioned in this paper, which can be used as a substitute for methyl halides and dimethyl sulfate, toxic and corrosive chemicals.

TL;DR: In this paper, a general overview of the characteristics of coking in industrial catalytic processes is given, and the differences in deactivation rates result in different operational strategies and reactor systems.

TL;DR: A brief description of the six main types of fuel cell which are currently under research and development is given in this article, where the discussion focuses on recent developments in the polymer electrolyte-based proton exchange membrane fuel cell with description of limitations imposed by current electrocatalysts and the benefits offered by the development of improved materials.

TL;DR: In this article, bifunctional acid-base sites and H2 dissociation sites on surfaces interact via surface diffusion of H adatoms, which leads to a cascade cascade of acid and base sites.

TL;DR: The deactivation of acid zeolite catalysts used in hydrocarbon transformations is mainly due to the deposit inside the pores of heavy secondary products generally known as coke.

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of titanium oxides with various crystalline structures in the photo-decomposition of phenolic contaminants in aqueous solutions was studied, and the structural types of titanium oxide under investigation varied from anatase and rutile phases of TiO 2 (either commercially available or laboratory-made) to layered and pillared titanates.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors illustrate how careful control of any one of a number of preparative parameters, including, but not limited to, concentrations, addition order and drying conditions, can lead to changes in the microstructural distribution of the components that are, in turn, related directly to the textural and chemical properties of the calcined sample.

TL;DR: In this article, a tertiary building unit (TBU) is rotated 90° around the c-direction with respect to the neighbouring TBUs in the same layer, which results in T -atoms that are not fully coordinated to the framework, thereby creating potential Lewis-acid sites.

TL;DR: In this article, three groups of UV Raman bands near ≈ 1390, ≈ 1600 and ≈ 3000 cm−1 regions were detected for the two zeolites, and these bands varied significantly at different stages of coke formation.

TL;DR: In this article, the potential scientific and technological solutions to the problems that appear as a result of shifting the hydrotreating of crude oil middle distillates and shale oils from the normal to the deep mode are considered on the basis of the reactivities and transformation routes of the least-reactive sulfur-, nitrogen-, and oxygen-containing compounds.

TL;DR: In this article, the experimental evidence and mechanism of hydrogen spill-over on Pt/WO3 is reviewed and the application of this catalyst system for the evolution of hydrogen, anodic oxidation, hydrogenation and the anodic oxidization of small molecules and impure H2 is discussed.

TL;DR: In this paper, different probe catalytic reactions were applied to monitor the changes of the concentrations of various types of active sites in the course of the reduction of MoO3 to MoO2 and to unravel their role in the complex reaction network of such molecule as butene.

TL;DR: In this article, the adsorption of CO on TiO2 supported gold has been investigated both under a constant pressure static system and under a closed recirculation system with liquid nitrogen cooled trap.