Showing papers in "Cell in 2002"

TL;DR: Current structural and cell biological data suggest models for how integrins transmit signals between their extracellular ligand binding adhesion sites and their cytoplasmic domains, which link to the cytoskeleton and to signal transduction pathways.

TL;DR: In this paper, a review of recent progress as well as unanswered questions regarding the regulation and function of NF-kappaB and IKK is presented, focusing on recent progress and unanswered questions.

TL;DR: It is proposed that Runx2/Cbfa1-expressing preosteoblasts are still bipotential cells, because Osx null preostEoblasts express typical chondrocyte marker genes, and Osx acts downstream of Runx 2/C bfa1.

TL;DR: It is reported that mTOR forms a stoichiometric complex with raptor, an evolutionarily conserved protein with at least two roles in the mTOR pathway that through its association with mTOR regulates cell size in response to nutrient levels.

TL;DR: Understanding the molecular events that contribute to drug-induced apoptosis, and how tumors evade apoptotic death, provides a paradigm to explain the relationship between cancer genetics and treatment sensitivity and should enable a more rational approach to anticancer drug design and therapy.

TL;DR: Genetic and genomic analysis suggests that a relatively small number of output genes are directly regulated by core oscillator components, and major processes regulated by the SCN and liver were found to be under circadian regulation.

TL;DR: This work predicts regulatory targets for 14 Arabidopsis microRNAs (miRNAs) by identifying mRNAs with near complementarity and identifies members of transcription factor gene families involved in developmental patterning or cell differentiation.

TL;DR: This work describes the cloning and characterization of TRPM8, a distant relative of VR1 that is specifically expressed in a subset of pain- and temperature-sensing neurons and implicates an expanded role for this family of ion channels in somatic sensory detection.

TL;DR: The orphan nuclear receptor REV-ERBalpha is identified as the major regulator of cyclic Bmal1 transcription, and constitutes a molecular link through which components of the negative limb drive antiphasic expression of component of the positive limb.

TL;DR: The β-catenin/TCF-4 complex constitutes the master switch that controls proliferation versus differentiation in healthy and malignant intestinal epithelial cells.

TL;DR: This study uncovers distinct roles and steps of beta-catenin phosphorylation, identifies CKIalpha as a component in Wnt/beta- catenin signaling, and has implications to pathogenesis/therapeutics of human cancers and diabetes.

TL;DR: Global analysis of cellular transcription indicated that active genes were preferential integration targets, particularly genes that were activated in cells after infection by HIV-1, and this data suggests how selective targeting promotes aggressive HIV replication.

TL;DR: In this article, BM ablation induces SDF-1, which upregulates MMP-9 expression, and causes shedding of sKitL and recruitment of c-Kit+ stem/progenitors.

TL;DR: It is shown that developmentally relevant signaling factors can induce mouse embryonic stem cells to differentiate into spinal progenitor cells, and subsequently into motor neurons, through a pathway recapitulating that used in vivo.

TL;DR: Raptor is an essential scaffold for the mTOR-catalyzed phosphorylation of 4EBP1 and mediates TOR action in vivo and yields an array of phenotypes that closely resemble those produced by inactivation of Ce-TOR.

TL;DR: A human biochemical system that recapitulates siRNA-mediated target RNA degradation by using affinity-tagged siRNAs is described and it is demonstrated that a single-stranded siRNA resides in the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) together with eif2C1 and/or eIF2C2 (human GERp95) Argonaute proteins.

TL;DR: Crystal structures of inactive kinases have revealed a remarkable plasticity in the kinase domain that allows the adoption of distinct conformations in response to interactions with specific regulatory domains or proteins.

TL;DR: What is known about the biological functions of the BRCA proteins is examined and how their disruption can induce susceptibility to specific types of cancer is asked.

TL;DR: A leptin-dependent neuronal regulation of bone formation with potential therapeutic implications for osteoporosis is demonstrated, and the peripheral mediators of leptin antiosteogenic function appear to be neuronal.

TL;DR: Histone H3 methylated in vitro by the E(Z)/ESC complex binds specifically to Polycomb protein, which is closely associated with Polycomb binding sites on polytene chromosomes but is also found in centric heterochromatin, chromosome 4, and telomeric sites.

TL;DR: This work purified an ESC-E(Z) complex from Drosophila embryos and found four major subunits: ESC, E(Z), NURF-55, and the PcG repressor, SU( Z)12, which methylates lysine-27 of histone H3.

TL;DR: How the activities of two major classes of chromatin-modifying complexes, ATP-dependent remodeling complexes and HAT or HDAC complexes might be coordinated to create a DNA template that is accessible to the general transcription apparatus is discussed.

TL;DR: It is concluded that mitochondrial protein release in apoptosis can be mediated by supramolecular openings in the outer mitochondrial membrane, promoted by BH3/Bax/lipid interaction and directly inhibited by Bcl-x(L).

TL;DR: The first structure of a flavivirus has been determined by using a combination of cryoelectron microscopy and fitting of the known structure of glycoprotein E into the electron density map, suggesting that flaviviruses employ a fusion mechanism in which the distal beta barrels of domain II of the glycop Protein E are inserted into the cellular membrane.

TL;DR: The nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of transcription factors regulates gene expression in response to endocrine signaling, and recruitment of coregulators affords these receptors considerable functional flexibility.

TL;DR: It is shown that activation of endogenous progenitors leads to massive regeneration of hippocampal pyramidal neurons after ischemic brain injury, expanding the possibility of novel neuronal cell regeneration therapies for stroke and other neurological diseases.

TL;DR: Calcium signaling activates the phosphatase calcineurin and induces movement of NFATc proteins into the nucleus, where they cooperate with other proteins to form complexes on DNA.

TL;DR: Results indicate BAK1 is a component of BR signaling, and Expression of a dominant-negative mutant allele of B AK1 causes a severe dwarf phenotype, resembling the phenotype of null bri1 alleles.

TL;DR: Antigen presenting cells (macrophages and dendritic cells) express pattern recognition molecules that are thought to recognize foreign ligands during early phases of the immune response, suggesting that they play a dual role in normal tissue function and host defense.

TL;DR: It is reported here that mice deficient in the mPer2 gene are cancer prone and suggested that the m per2 gene functions in tumor suppression by regulating DNA damage-responsive pathways.