Showing papers in "Cell in 2003"

TL;DR: Current understanding on the mechanisms of TGF-β signaling from cell membrane to the nucleus is presented and the transcriptional regulation of target gene expression is reviewed.

TL;DR: The predicted regulatory targets of mammalian miRNAs were enriched for genes involved in transcriptional regulation but also encompassed an unexpectedly broad range of other functions.

TL;DR: A core set of proteins including actin, Arp2/3 complex, profilin, capping protein, and ADF/cofilin can reconstitute the process in vitro, and mathematical models of the constituent reactions predict the rate of motion.

TL;DR: The existence of Lin(-) c-kit(POS) cells with the properties of cardiac stem cells, which are self-renewing, clonogenic, and multipotent, giving rise to myocytes, smooth muscle, and endothelial cells are reported.

TL;DR: It is described that TSC2 is regulated by cellular energy levels and plays an essential role in the cellular energy response pathway and its phosphorylation by AMPK protect cells from energy deprivation-induced apoptosis.

TL;DR: A role is demonstrated for BDNF and its val/met polymorphism in human memory and hippocampal function and it is suggested val/ met exerts these effects by impacting intracellular trafficking and activity-dependent secretion of BDNF.

TL;DR: These findings establish a central role for Nanog in the transcription factor hierarchy that defines ES cell identity and confirm that Cytokine dependence, multilineage differentiation, and embryo colonization capacity are fully restored upon transgene excision.

TL;DR: Nanog is a critical factor underlying pluripotency in both ICM and ES cells, and it is found that one of them, encoding the homeoprotein Nanog, was capable of maintaining ES cell self-renewal independently of LIF/Stat3.

TL;DR: It is shown that the two strands of an siRNA duplex are not equally eligible for assembly into RISC, and it is suggested that single-stranded miRNAs are initially generated as siRNA-like duplexes whose structures predestine one strand to enter the RISC and the other strand to be destroyed.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the thermodynamic properties of siRNA play a critical role in determining the molecule's function and longevity, possibly biasing the steps involved in duplex unwinding and strand retention by RISC.

TL;DR: TNFR1-mediated-signal transduction includes a checkpoint, resulting in cell death (via complex II) in instances where the initial signal fails to be activated, and the cell survives.

TL;DR: It is shown that organ formation in Arabidopsis involves dynamic gradients of the signaling molecule auxin with maxima at the primordia tips, which suggest that PIN-dependent, local auxin gradients represent a common module for formation of all plant organs, regardless of their mature morphology or developmental origin.

TL;DR: The characterization of ANKTM1 is described, a cold-activated channel with a lower activation temperature compared to the cold and menthol receptor, TRPM8, which is found in a subset of nociceptive sensory neurons where it is coexpressed with TRPV1/VR1 (the capsaicin/heat receptor) but not TRPM 8.

TL;DR: It is reported that bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) act in combination with LIF to sustain self-renewal and preserve multilineage differentiation, chimera colonization, and germline transmission properties.

TL;DR: It is reported that the bantam gene of Drosophila encodes a 21 nucleotide microRNA that promotes tissue growth and identifies the pro-apoptotic gene hid as a target for regulation by bantam miRNA, providing an explanation for bantam's anti-APoptotic activity.

TL;DR: A distinct heterochromatic structure that accumulates in senescent human fibroblasts is described, which is designated senescence-associated heterochROMatic foci (SAHF) and is associated with the stable repression of E2F target genes.

TL;DR: The results reveal an unanticipated level of regulation which is superimposed on that due to gene-specific transcription factors, a novel mechanism for coordinate regulation of specific sets of genes when cells encounter limiting nutrients, and evidence that the ultimate targets of signal transduction pathways can be identified within the initiation apparatus.

TL;DR: Remarkably, fungi, parasites, plants, and animals have distinct subsets of Toolbox motors in their genomes, suggesting an underlying diversity of strategies for intracellular transport.

TL;DR: It is found that activation of HIF-1alpha is essential for myeloid cell infiltration and activation in vivo through a mechanism independent of VEGF, and its direct regulation of survival and function in the inflammatory microenvironment is demonstrated.

TL;DR: A comprehensive picture of events resulting in transcriptional activation of a gene is provided, through evaluating the estrogen receptor-alpha (NR3A1) target pS2 gene promoter in MCF-7 cells, which implies that transcriptionalactivation is a cyclical process that requires both activating and repressive epigenetic processes.

TL;DR: There has been considerable recent interest in the possibility that the plasma membrane contains lipid "rafts," microdomains enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids, and it seems that a definitive proof of raft existence has yet to be obtained.

TL;DR: It is shown that cells deficient in HDAC6 fail to clear misfolded protein aggregates from the cytoplasm, cannot form aggresomes properly, and are hypersensitive to the accumulation of misfolding proteins.

TL;DR: It is found that in an uninduced state, NPR1 is present as an oligomer formed through intermolecular disulfide bonds, which provides a missing link between accumulation of SA and activation of NPR1 in the SAR signaling pathway.

TL;DR: IRAK-M regulates TLR signaling and innate immune homeostasis and prevents dissociation of IRAK and IRAK-4 from MyD88 and formation of IRAk-TRAF6 complexes.

TL;DR: Evidence is provided that CEM15/APOBEC3G is a DNA deaminase that is incorporated into virions during viral production and subsequently triggers massive deamination of deoxycytidine to deoxyuridine within the retroviral minus (first)-strand cDNA, thus providing a probable trigger for viral destruction.

TL;DR: It is shown that Rho-actin signaling regulates the subcellular localization of the myocardin-related SRF coactivator MAL, rearranged in t(1;22)(p13;q13) AML, and the MAL-SRF interaction displays the predicted properties of a RHo-regulatedSRF cofactor.

TL;DR: It is shown here that targeted activation of PPARδ in adipose tissue specifically induces expression of genes required for fatty acid oxidation and energy dissipation, which in turn leads to improved lipid profiles and reduced adiposity.

TL;DR: A review of promising mechanisms proposed for mitochondrial involvement in cell death are examined, including oxidative phosphorylation, generation of oxygen radicals, dynamic morphological rearrangements, calcium overload, and permeability transition.

TL;DR: A homolog of the well-known fly developmental regulator hunchback acts downstream of the microRNAs lin-4 and let-7 in a pathway controlling developmental timing in C. elegans.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that knockouts of TRPM5, a taste TRP ion channel, or PLCbeta2, a phospholipase C selectively expressed in taste tissue, abolish sweet, amino acid, and bitter taste reception, but do not impact sour or salty tastes.