Showing papers in "Cell in 2007"

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that iPS cells can be generated from adult human fibroblasts with the same four factors: Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc.

TL;DR: The surface of nucleosomes is studded with a multiplicity of modifications that can dictate the higher-order chromatin structure in which DNA is packaged and can orchestrate the ordered recruitment of enzyme complexes to manipulate DNA.

TL;DR: High-resolution maps for the genome-wide distribution of 20 histone lysine and arginine methylations as well as histone variant H2A.Z, RNA polymerase II, and the insulator binding protein CTCF across the human genome using the Solexa 1G sequencing technology are generated.

TL;DR: Those Akt substrates that are most likely to contribute to the diverse cellular roles of Akt, which include cell survival, growth, proliferation, angiogenesis, metabolism, and migration are discussed.

TL;DR: Recent advances in understanding how epigenetic alterations participate in the earliest stages of neoplasia, including stem/precursor cell contributions, are reviewed and the growing implications of these advances for strategies to control cancer are discussed.

TL;DR: The transcriptional landscape of the four human HOX loci is characterized at five base pair resolution in 11 anatomic sites and 231 HOX ncRNAs are identified that extend known transcribed regions by more than 30 kilobases, suggesting transcription of ncRNA may demarcate chromosomal domains of gene silencing at a distance.

TL;DR: A relatively small set of miRNAs, many of which are ubiquitously expressed, account for most of the differences in miRNA profiles between cell lineages and tissues.

TL;DR: This Review highlights advances in the understanding of chromatin regulation and discusses how such regulation affects the binding of transcription factors as well as the initiation and elongation steps of transcription.

TL;DR: It is shown that C1q, the initiating protein in the classical complement cascade, is expressed by postnatal neurons in response to immature astrocytes and is localized to synapses throughout the postnatal CNS and retina, supporting a model in which unwanted synapses are tagged by complement for elimination and suggesting that complement-mediated synapse elimination may become aberrantly reactivated in neurodegenerative disease.

TL;DR: The results suggest that all three major classes of bactericidal drugs can be potentiated by targeting bacterial systems that remediate hydroxyl radical damage, including proteins involved in triggering the DNA damage response, e.g., RecA.

TL;DR: Examination of piwi-interacting RNAs associated with each Drosophila Piwi protein finds that Piwi and Aubergine bind RNAs that are predominantly antisense to transposons, whereas Ago3 complexes contain predominantly sense piRNAs.

TL;DR: It is shown that mice lacking the protein tyrosine phosphatase OST-PTP are hypoglycemic and are protected from obesity and glucose intolerance because of an increase in beta-cell proliferation, insulin secretion, and insulin sensitivity, and in vivo osteocalcin can improve glucose tolerance.

TL;DR: The epistemology of epigenetics is examined, a brief overview of underlying molecular mechanisms is provided, and future challenges for the field are suggested.

TL;DR: By focusing on activated cell circuitry, the approach outlined here provides insight into cancer biology not available at the chromosomal and transcriptional levels and can be applied broadly across all human cancers.

TL;DR: It is shown that MCAM/CD146-expressing, subendothelial cells in human BM stroma are capable of transferring, upon transplantation, the HME to heterotopic sites, coincident with the establishment of identical subendOThelial cells within a miniature bone organ.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that a single phosphorylation site in Yki mediates the growth-suppressive output of the Hippo pathway, and that its dysregulation leads to tumorigenesis, uncovering a universal size-control mechanism in metazoan.

TL;DR: Current research efforts are reviewed, with an emphasis on large-scale studies, emerging technologies, and challenges ahead.

TL;DR: The findings highlight the unexpected role of homeostatic level of p62, which is regulated by autophagy, in controlling intracellular inclusion body formation, and indicate that the pathologic process associated with autophagic deficiency is cell-type specific.

TL;DR: The results of a genome-wide analysis of human cells suggest that most protein-coding genes, including most genes thought to be transcriptionally inactive, experience transcription initiation, and that transcription initiation at most genes is a general phenomenon in human cells.

TL;DR: Let-7 regulates multiple BT-IC stem cell-like properties by silencing more than one target, and miRNA expression in self-renewing and differentiated cells from breast cancer lines and in breast T-IC and non-BT-IC from 1 degrees breast cancers is compared.

TL;DR: It is shown that molecular recapitulations of three prototypical adaptations associated with the unsusceptible phenotype are each sufficient to promote resistant behavior and validate a multidisciplinary approach to examine the neurobiological mechanisms of variations in stress resistance.

TL;DR: The authors' results suggest that miRNAs are incorporated indiscriminately of their sequence into Ago1 through Ago4 containing microRNPs (miRNPs), and the specific role of Ago2 in guiding target RNA cleavage was confirmed by siRNA-based depletion of individual Ago members in combination with a sensitive positive-readout reporter assay.

TL;DR: Proliferating cell nuclear antigen -a cofactor of DNA polymerases that encircles DNA-orchestrates several of these functions by recruiting crucial players to the replication fork, indicating that these interactions do not occur simultaneously during replication.

TL;DR: Three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models provide unique perspectives on the behavior of stem cells, developing tissues and organs, and tumors and may help to accelerate translational research in cancer biology and tissue engineering.

TL;DR: GEFs and GAPs are multidomain proteins that are regulated by extracellular signals and localized cues that control cellular events in time and space and are potential therapeutic targets for developing drugs to treat various diseases, including cancer.

TL;DR: Cellular senescence, a state of irreversible growth arrest, can be triggered by multiple mechanisms including telomere shortening, the epigenetic derepression of the INK4a/ARF locus, and DNA damage, and together these mechanisms limit excessive or aberrant cellular proliferation.

TL;DR: FoxO proteins play essential roles in the response to physiologic oxidative stress and thereby mediate quiescence and enhanced survival in the HSC compartment, a function that is required for its long-term regenerative potential.

TL;DR: Polycomb group (PcG) and trithorax group (trxG) proteins are critical regulators of numerous developmental genes and recent work suggests that PcG-mediated gene silencing involves noncoding RNAs and the RNAi machinery.

TL;DR: The intrinsic mechanisms not commonly specified by mobile elements, such as efflux pumps that expel multiple kinds of antibiotics, are now recognized as major contributors to multidrug resistance in bacteria.

TL;DR: The results reveal that the orchestrated ER chaperone machinery at MAM, by sensing ER Ca(2+) concentrations, regulates ER-mitochondrial interorganellar Ca( 2+) signaling and cell survival.