Showing papers in "Cell in 2008"

TL;DR: It is reported that the induction of an EMT in immortalized human mammary epithelial cells (HMLEs) results in the acquisition of mesenchymal traits and in the expression of stem-cell markers, and it is shown that those cells have an increased ability to form mammospheres, a property associated with mammARY epithelial stem cells.

TL;DR: This Review summarizes recent advances in understanding the physiological functions of autophagy and its possible roles in the causation and prevention of human diseases.

TL;DR: The cellular and molecular basis of Treg development and function is revealed and dysregulation of T Regs in immunological disease is implicates.

TL;DR: The authors synthesize some of the basic principles that have emerged from studies of NF-kappaB, and aim to generate a more unified view of the regulation of the transcription factor.

TL;DR: The mechanistic basis and clinical relevance of TGFbeta's role in cancer is becoming increasingly clear, paving the way for a better understanding of the complexity and therapeutic potential of this pathway.

TL;DR: The factors that regulate proliferation and fate determination of adult neural stem cells are discussed and the potential significance of adult neurogenesis in memory, depression, and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease is addressed.

TL;DR: This study uses chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with ultra-high-throughput DNA sequencing to map the locations of TF-binding sites and identifies important features of the transcriptional regulatory networks that define ES-cell identity.

TL;DR: Stochastic gene expression has important consequences for cellular function, being beneficial in some contexts and harmful in others, including the stress response, metabolism, development, the cell cycle, circadian rhythms, and aging.

TL;DR: Deep sequencing of smRNAs revealed a direct relationship between the location of sm RNAs and DNA methylation, perturbation of smRNA biogenesis upon loss of CpG DNA methylisation, and a tendency for smRN as to direct strand-specific DNA methylations in regions of RNA-DNA homology.

TL;DR: Studies of hematopoiesis provide critical insights of general relevance to other areas of stem cell biology including the role of cellular interactions in development and tissue homeostasis, lineage programming and reprogramming by transcription factors, and stage- and age-specific differences in cellular phenotypes.

TL;DR: The generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from patients with a variety of genetic diseases with either Mendelian or complex inheritance are described, offering an unprecedented opportunity to recapitulate both normal and pathologic human tissue formation in vitro, thereby enabling disease investigation and drug development.

TL;DR: The Warburg effect of aerobic glycolysis is re-examine and a framework for understanding its contribution to the altered metabolism of cancer cells is established.

TL;DR: Time-lapse imaging is performed to explore the spatiotemporal patterns of cell-cycle dynamics during the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of cultured cells, the migration and differentiation of neural progenitors in brain slices, and the development of tumors across blood vessels in live mice.

TL;DR: This work predicts 19 proteins to be important for the function of complex I (CI) of the electron transport chain and validate a subset of these predictions using RNAi, including C8orf38, which is shown to have an inherited mutation in a lethal, infantile CI deficiency.

TL;DR: Niches are local tissue microenvironments that maintain and regulate stem cells that are key to the regulation of homeostasis and likely contribute to aging and tumorigenesis when altered during adulthood.

TL;DR: Eight principles derived from molecular and evolutionary developmental biology are outlined and recent studies of species divergence that have led to a genetic theory of morphological evolution are reviewed.

TL;DR: The potential to generate virtually any differentiated cell type from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) offers the possibility to establish new models of mammalian development and to create new sources of cells for regenerative medicine, but it is essential to be able to control ESC differentiation and to direct the development of these cells along specific pathways.

TL;DR: A model is proposed in which the context-dependent cytostatic and promitogenic functions of specific interleukins contribute to connect senescence with an inflammatory phenotype and cancer.

TL;DR: It is shown that mice deficient for miR-17 approximately 92 die shortly after birth with lung hypoplasia and a ventricular septal defect, and a link between the oncogenic properties of miR the 1792 and its functions during B lymphopoiesis and lung development is suggested.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that senescent cells accumulate in murine livers treated to produce fibrosis, a precursor pathology to cirrhosis, derived primarily from activated hepatic stellate cells, which initially proliferate in response to liver damage and produce the extracellular matrix.

TL;DR: It is reported that knocking down the chemokine receptor CXCR2 (IL8RB) alleviates both replicative and oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) and diminishes the DNA-damage response and suggests that senescent cells activate a self-amplifying secretory network in which CX CR2-binding chemokines reinforce growth arrest.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors review strategies to reprogram somatic cells to a pluripotent embryonic state and discuss their understanding of the molecular mechanisms of reprogramming based on recent insights into the regulatory circuitry of the PLSTM.

TL;DR: Current evidence suggests that neurons detect changes in their own firing rates through a set of calcium-dependent sensors that then regulate receptor trafficking to increase or decrease the accumulation of glutamate receptors at synaptic sites.

TL;DR: This work identified target promoters of nine transcription factors, including somatic cell reprogramming factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc) and others and broadly distinguish targets of c- myc versus other factors on a global scale in mouse ES cells.

TL;DR: It is found that nucleosome phasing relative to the transcription start sites is directly correlated to RNA polymerase II (Pol II) binding and the first nucleosomes downstream of a start site exhibits differential positioning in active and silent genes.

TL;DR: High-throughput sequencing and whole-genome tiled array strategies are employed to identify DNase I HS sites within human primary CD4+ T cells and evidence of cell-type-specific characteristics is found, including the ability to identify transcription start sites and locations of different chromatin marks utilized in these cells.

TL;DR: It is reported that XBP1 deletion in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) results in spontaneous enteritis and increased susceptibility to induced colitis secondary to both Paneth cell dysfunction and an epithelium that is overly reactive to inducers of IBD such as bacterial products (flagellin) and TNFalpha.

TL;DR: It is proposed that SIRT1 functions as an enzymatic rheostat of circadian function, transducing signals originated by cellular metabolites to the circadian clock.

TL;DR: It is shown that SIRT1, an NAD(+)-dependent protein deacetylase, is required for high-magnitude circadian transcription of several core clock genes, including Bmal1, Rorgamma, Per2, and Cry1.

TL;DR: The results show that the hypothalamic IKKbeta/NF-kappaB program is a general neural mechanism for energy imbalance underlying obesity and suggest that suppression of IKK beta either broadly across the brain or locally within the mediobasal hypothalamus, or specifically in hypothalamic AGRP neurons significantly protects against obesity and glucose intolerance.