Showing papers in "Cell in 2009"

TL;DR: The current understanding of miRNA target recognition in animals is outlined and the widespread impact of miRNAs on both the expression and evolution of protein-coding genes is discussed.

TL;DR: The mesenchymal state is associated with the capacity of cells to migrate to distant organs and maintain stemness, allowing their subsequent differentiation into multiple cell types during development and the initiation of metastasis.

TL;DR: This work has revealed unexpected diversity in their biogenesis pathways and the regulatory mechanisms that they access, which has direct implications for fundamental biology as well as disease etiology and treatment.

TL;DR: The evolution of long noncoding RNAs and their roles in transcriptional regulation, epigenetic gene regulation, and disease are reviewed.

TL;DR: The authors showed that colonisation of mice with a segmented filamentous bacterium (SFB) is sufficient to induce the appearance of CD4+ T helper cells that produce IL-17 and IL-22 (Th17 cells) in the lamina propria.

TL;DR: Reduction of lysyl oxidase-mediated collagen crosslinking prevented MMTV-Neu-induced fibrosis, decreased focal adhesions and PI3K activity, impeded malignancy, and lowered tumor incidence, and data show how collagenCrosslinking can modulate tissue fibrosis and stiffness to force focal adhesion, growth factor signaling and breast malignancies.

TL;DR: Genetic, electrophysiological, and pharmacological studies are elucidating the molecular mechanisms that underlie detection, coding, and modulation of noxious stimuli that generate pain.

TL;DR: This Review highlights recent studies in Notch signaling that reveal new molecular details about the regulation of ligand-mediated receptor activation, receptor proteolysis, and target selection.

TL;DR: Recent advances in understanding of the molecular structures and biochemical functions of the translation initiation machinery are described and key strategies that mediate general or gene-specific translational control are summarized, particularly in mammalian systems.

TL;DR: Control of p53's transcriptional activity is crucial for determining which p53 response is activated, a decision that must be understood if the next generation of drugs that selectively activate or inhibit p53 are to be exploited efficiently.

TL;DR: The spliceosome exhibits exceptional compositional and structural dynamics that are exploited during substrate-dependent complex assembly, catalytic activation, and active site remodeling in the pre-mRNAs.

TL;DR: Global gene expression analyses show that salinomycin treatment results in the loss of expression of breast CSC genes previously identified by analyses of breast tissues isolated directly from patients, demonstrating the ability to identify agents with specific toxicity for epithelial CSCs.

TL;DR: Current advances in understanding of the origin, biogenesis, and mode of action of plant miRNAs are discussed and comparisons with their metazoan counterparts are drawn.

TL;DR: The findings suggest that RIP3 controls programmed necrosis by initiating the pronecrotic kinase cascade, and that this is necessary for the inflammatory response against virus infections.

TL;DR: Data indicate RIP3 as the determinant for cellular necrosis in response to TNF-alpha family of death-inducing cytokines.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells exhibit reduced expression of miR-26a, a miRNA that is normally expressed at high levels in diverse tissues that may provide a general strategy for miRNA replacement therapies.

TL;DR: Evidence is presented for a large class of non-oncogenes that are essential for cancer cell survival and present attractive drug targets and theoretical considerations for combining orthogonal cancer therapies are provided.

TL;DR: Flow cytometry with label-retaining assays are combined to identify a population of dormant mouse HSCs (d-HSCs) within the lin(-)Sca1+cKit+CD150+CD48(-)CD34(-) population, indicating that d-H SCs harbor the vast majority of multilineage long-term self-renewal activity.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors showed that fibroblasts from five patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease can be efficiently reprogrammed and subsequently differentiated into dopaminergic neurons using Cre-recombinase excisable viruses.

TL;DR: It is shown that cellular uptake of L-glutamine and its subsequent rapid efflux in the presence of essential amino acids (EAA) is the rate-limiting step that activates mTOR.

TL;DR: The transcriptional regulatory circuitry of ES cells that incorporates protein-coding and miRNA genes based on high-resolution ChIP-seq data, systematic identification of miRNA promoters, and quantitative sequencing of short transcripts in multiple cell types reveals how key ES cell transcription factors promote the ES cell miRNA expression program and integrate miRNAs into the regulatory circuitry controlling ES cell identity.

TL;DR: It is proposed that antirepression, the release of p53 from repression by factors such as Mdm2 and MdmX, is a key step in the physiological activation of p 53.

TL;DR: Defective autophagy is a mechanism for p62 upregulation commonly observed in human tumors that contributes directly to tumorigenesis likely by perturbing the signal transduction adaptor function of p62-controlling pathways critical for oncogenesis.

TL;DR: It is suggested that CTCF may be a heritable component of an epigenetic system regulating the interplay between DNA methylation, higher-order chromatin structure, and lineage-specific gene expression.

TL;DR: The known mechanisms and roles of regulatory RNAs are reviewed, emerging themes are highlighted, and remaining questions are discussed.

TL;DR: A global proteomic analysis of Dubs and their associated protein complexes provided the first glimpse into the Dub interaction landscape, places previously unstudied Dubs within putative biological pathways, and identifies previously unknown interactions and protein complexes involved in this increasingly important arm of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.

TL;DR: It is suggested that this Wolbachia-mediated pathogen interference may work synergistically with the life-shortening strategy proposed previously to provide a powerful approach for the control of insect transmitted diseases.

TL;DR: In this paper, alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA) was shown to have functional consequences with shorter mRNA isoforms exhibiting increased stability and typically producing ten-fold more protein, in part through the loss of microRNA-mediated repression.

TL;DR: It is found that increased CD47 expression is an independent, poor prognostic factor that can be targeted on human AML stem cells with blocking monoclonal antibodies capable of enabling phagocytosis of LSC.

TL;DR: The transition from the juvenile to the adult phase of shoot development in plants is accompanied by changes in vegetative morphology and an increase in reproductive potential, and the regulatory mechanism is described, which is mediated by sequentially operating miRNAs.