Showing papers in "Cell in 2010"

TL;DR: The principal mechanisms that govern the effects of inflammation and immunity on tumor development are outlined and attractive new targets for cancer therapy and prevention are discussed.

TL;DR: The role of PRRs, their signaling pathways, and how they control inflammatory responses are discussed.

TL;DR: In addition to their role in extracellular matrix turnover and cancer cell migration, MMPs regulate signaling pathways that control cell growth, inflammation, or angiogenesis and may even work in a nonproteolytic manner.

TL;DR: There is persuasive clinical and experimental evidence that macrophages promote cancer initiation and malignant progression, and specialized subpopulations of macrophage may represent important new therapeutic targets.

TL;DR: Methods to monitor autophagy and to modulate autophagic activity are discussed, with a primary focus on mammalian macroautophagy.

TL;DR: There is evidence for a remarkable convergence in the mechanisms responsible for the sensing, transduction, and amplification of inflammatory processes that result in the production of neurotoxic mediators in neurodegenerative diseases.

TL;DR: This study developed a cell-based crosslinking approach to determine at high resolution and transcriptome-wide the binding sites of cellular RBPs and miRNPs and revealed that these factors bind thousands of sites containing defined sequence motifs and have distinct preferences for exonic versus intronic or coding versus untranslated transcript regions.

TL;DR: The endoplasmic reticulum is the major site in the cell for protein folding and trafficking and is central to many cellular functions and is emerging as a potential site for the intersection of inflammation and metabolic disease.

TL;DR: It is believed that functional cardiomyocytes can be directly reprogrammed from differentiated somatic cells by defined factors, and the reprogramming of endogenous or explanted fibroblasts might provide a source of cardiomeocytes for regenerative approaches.

TL;DR: It is suggested that cancer cell populations employ a dynamic survival strategy in which individual cells transiently assume a reversibly drug-tolerant state to protect the population from eradication by potentially lethal exposures.

TL;DR: It is shown that amino acids induce the movement of m TORC1 to lysosomal membranes, where the Rag proteins reside, and Rag-Ragulator-mediated translocation of mTORC1 is the key event in amino acid signaling to mtorC1.

TL;DR: GPR120 is a functional omega-3 FA receptor/sensor and mediates potent insulin sensitizing and antidiabetic effects in vivo by repressing macrophage-induced tissue inflammation.

TL;DR: A model whereby transcription factors activate lincRNAs that serve as key repressors by physically associating with repressive complexes and modulate their localization to sets of previously active genes is proposed.

TL;DR: Quantitative analysis shows that stem cell turnover follows a pattern of neutral drift dynamics, consistent with a model in which the resident stem cells double their numbers each day and stochastically adopt stem or TA fates.

TL;DR: An unanticipated role for a class of long ncRNAs in activation of critical regulators of development and differentiation is found in human cell lines.

TL;DR: How the two distinct systems of iron metabolism function and how they "tango" together in a coordinated manner are described are described.

TL;DR: It is shown that tau, known as axonal protein, has a dendritic function in postsynaptic targeting of the Src kinase Fyn, a substrate of which is the NMDA receptor (NR), which uncouples NR-mediated excitotoxicity and hence mitigates Abeta toxicity.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that either dietary or genetic obesity is a potent bona fide liver tumor promoter in mice and obesity-promoted HCC development was dependent on enhanced production of the tumor-promoting cytokines IL-6 and TNF, which cause hepatic inflammation and activation of the oncogenic transcription factor STAT3.

TL;DR: The data suggest that the "typical" phosphoprotein is widely expressed yet displays variable, often tissue-specific phosphorylation that tunes protein activity to the specific needs of each tissue, and is offered as an online resource for the biological research community.

TL;DR: It is shown that DNA breaks in Brca1-deficient cells are aberrantly joined into complex chromosome rearrangements by a process dependent on the nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) factors 53BP1 and DNA ligase 4, illustrating that HR and NHEJ compete to process DNA breaks that arise during DNA replication.

TL;DR: It is shown that drugs that selectively inhibit BRAF drive RAS-dependent BRAF binding to CRAF, CRAF activation, and MEK–ERK signaling, demonstrating that BRAF inhibition per se does not drive pathway activation; it only occurs when BRAF is inhibited in the presence of oncogenic RAS.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that, in starved cells, the outer membrane of mitochondria participates in autophagosome biogenesis, and Mitochondria play a central role in starvation-induced autophagy, contributing membrane to Autophagosomes.

TL;DR: Inflammation is an essential immune response that enables survival during infection or injury and maintains tissue homeostasis under a variety of noxious conditions but comes at the cost of a transient decline in tissue function, which can in turn contribute to the pathogenesis of diseases of alteredHomeostasis.

TL;DR: The model recapitulates early stages of a human neurodevelopmental disease and represents a promising cellular tool for drug screening, diagnosis and personalized treatment and provides evidence of an unexplored developmental window, before disease onset, in RTT syndrome.

TL;DR: It is reported that promoter-proximal pausing is a general feature of transcription by Pol II in mammalian cells and thus an additional step where regulation of gene expression occurs, and that the transcription factor c-Myc, a key regulator of cellular proliferation, plays a major role in Pol II pause release.

TL;DR: The growth of lymphatic vessels is actively involved in a number of pathological processes including tissue inflammation and tumor dissemination but is insufficient in patients suffering from lymphedema, a debilitating condition characterized by chronic tissue edema and impaired immunity.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that multiple and distinct factors are responsible for H3.3 localization at specific genomic locations in mammalian cells.

TL;DR: A small subpopulation of slow-cycling melanoma cells that cycle with doubling times of >4 weeks within the rapidly proliferating main population is characterized, suggesting a new understanding of melanoma heterogeneity with tumor maintenance as a dynamic process mediated by a temporarily distinct subpopulation.

TL;DR: This Primer explains the principles of various super-resolution approaches, such as STED, (S)SIM, and STORM/(F)PALM, and demonstrates how these approaches are beginning to provide new insights into cell biology, microbiology, and neurobiology.

TL;DR: It is found that B cell division is restricted to the DZ, with a net vector of B cell movement from the D Z to the LZ, and T cell help, and not direct competition for antigen, is the limiting factor in GC selection.