Showing papers in "Cell in 2011"

TL;DR: Recognition of the widespread applicability of these concepts will increasingly affect the development of new means to treat human cancer.

TL;DR: It is proposed that this "competing endogenous RNA" (ceRNA) activity forms a large-scale regulatory network across the transcriptome, greatly expanding the functional genetic information in the human genome and playing important roles in pathological conditions, such as cancer.

TL;DR: It is explored how recent mouse models in combination with advances in human genetics are providing key insights into how the impairment or activation of autophagy contributes to pathogenesis of diverse diseases, from neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson disease to inflammatory disorders such as Crohn disease.

TL;DR: The invasion-metastasis cascade is a multistep cell-biological process that involves dissemination of cancer cells to anatomically distant organ sites and their subsequent adaptation to foreign tissue microenvironments as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this paper, a small-molecule bromodomain inhibitor, JQ1, was used to identify BET proteins as regulatory factors for c-Myc oncoprotein.

TL;DR: The emerging principles of vascular growth provide exciting new perspectives, the translation of which might overcome the current limitations of pro- and antiangiogenic medicine.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that linc-MD1 exerts the same control over differentiation timing in human myoblasts, and that its levels are strongly reduced in Duchenne muscle cells, indicating that the ceRNA network plays an important role in muscle differentiation.

TL;DR: It is found that one, or indeed more than one, cancer-causing lesion can emerge out of the genomic crisis, which has important implications for the origins of genomic remodeling and temporal emergence of cancer.

TL;DR: The central roles of macrophages in each of the stages of disease pathogenesis are discussed, including atherosclerosis, stroke, and sudden cardiac death.

TL;DR: A suite of techniques, based on ribosome profiling, are presented to provide genome-wide maps of protein synthesis as well as a pulse-chase strategy for determining rates of translation elongation, revealing an unanticipated complexity to mammalian proteomes.

TL;DR: A brain polyribosome-programmed translation system is developed, revealing that FMRP reversibly stalls ribosomes specifically on its target mRNAs and suggests multiple targets for clinical intervention in FXS and ASD.

TL;DR: The probable cause and effect relationship between perturbed autophagy and aging is discussed, as well as possible molecular mechanisms that may mediate the anti-aging effects of Autophagy.

TL;DR: It is shown that deficiency of NLRP6 in mouse colonic epithelial cells results in reduced IL-18 levels and altered fecal microbiota characterized by expanded representation of the bacterial phyla Bacteroidetes (Prevotellaceae) and TM7.

TL;DR: The cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion, protease, and cytokine systems that underlie tissue invasion by cancer cells are described and explained to explain how the reciprocal reprogramming of both the tumor cells and the surrounding tissue structures not only guides invasion, but also generates diverse modes of dissemination.

TL;DR: A growing body of work about the connections between apoptosis, stem cells, and cancer is explored, focusing on how apoptotic cells release a variety of signals to communicate with their cellular environment, including factors that promote cell division, tissue regeneration, and wound healing.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss different types of interactome networks and the insights that can come from analyzing them, including how they can be mapped and integrated with each other, what global properties are starting to emerge from interactome network models, and how these properties may relate to human disease.

TL;DR: The identification of 67 previously undescribed histone modifications is reported, increasing the current number of known histone marks by about 70%, and lysine crotonylation (Kcr) is investigated, confirming that it represents an evolutionarily-conserved histone posttranslational modification.

TL;DR: It is shown that subpopulations of cells purified for a given phenotypic state return towards equilibrium proportions over time, and this findings contribute to the understanding of cancer heterogeneity and reveal how stochasticity in single-cell behaviors promotes phenotypesic equilibrium in populations of cancer cells.

TL;DR: This study suggests a TET1-induced oxidation-deamination mechanism for active DNA demethylation in mammals.

TL;DR: It is concluded that astrocyte-neuron lactate transport is required for long-term memory formation, suggesting that lactate import into neurons is necessary for long -term memory.

TL;DR: It is shown that hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), a key metabolic sensor, regulates the balance between regulatory T cell (T(reg)) and T(H)17 differentiation, and that metabolic modulation could ameliorate certain T cell-based immune pathologies.

TL;DR: In this article, the pyruvate kinase isoforms PKM1 and PKM2 are alternatively spliced products of the PKM 2 gene, and they are activated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1).

TL;DR: It is shown that the activity of TAZ, a transducer of the Hippo pathway, is required to sustain self-renewal and tumor-initiation capacities in breast CSCs and reveals a mechanistic basis of the control of Hippo kinases by cell polarity.

TL;DR: The generation of primordial germ cell-like cells (PGCLCs) in mice with robust capacity for spermatogenesis is demonstrated and provided a paradigm for the first step of in vitro gametogenesis.

TL;DR: This work has provided insights into the transcriptional control of embryonic stem cell state, including the regulatory circuitry underlying pluripotency and uncovered fundamental mechanisms that control mammalian gene expression, connect gene expression to chromosome structure, and contribute to human disease.

TL;DR: This study provides a roadmap for identification and analysis of lincRNAs in model organisms and shows that linc RNAs play crucial biological roles during embryonic development with functionality conserved despite limited sequence conservation.

TL;DR: It is shown that functional loss of GD-linked glucocerebrosidase in primary cultures or human iPS neurons compromises lysosomal protein degradation, causes accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn), and results in neurotoxicity through aggregation-dependent mechanisms, suggesting that GCase depletion contributes to the pathogenesis of sporadic synucleinopathies.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discussed how proliferation of cells within the outer subventricular zone expands the human neocortex by increasing neuron number and modifying the trajectory of migrating neurons, and compared these features to other mammalian species and known molecular regulators of the mouse neocortex.

TL;DR: It is proposed that PINK1 phosphorylation of substrates triggers the subsequent action of Parkin and the proteasome, and the PINK/Parkin pathway may quarantine damaged mitochondria prior to their clearance.

TL;DR: Using single-molecule DNA fiber analysis, it is shown that nascent replication tracts created before fork stalling with hydroxyurea are degraded in the absence of BRCA2 but are stable in wild-type cells.