Showing papers in "Cell in 2019"

TL;DR: A strategy to "anchor" diverse datasets together, enabling us to integrate single-cell measurements not only across scRNA-seq technologies, but also across different modalities.

TL;DR: High-resolution density gradient fractionation and direct immunoaffinity capture are employed to precisely characterize the RNA, DNA, and protein constituents of exosomes and other non-vesicle material and show that small extracellular vesicles are not vehicles of active DNA release.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose guidelines for rigorous experimental characterization of liquid-liquid phase separation processes in vitro and in cells, discuss the caveats of common experimental approaches, and point out experimental and theoretical gaps in the field.

TL;DR: The biological functions of autophagy genes are discussed from the perspective of understanding-and potentially reversing-the pathophysiology of human disease and aging.

TL;DR: Recent advances in the understanding of AD pathobiology are reviewed and current treatment strategies are discussed, highlighting recent clinical trials and opportunities for developing future disease-modifying therapies.

TL;DR: A consensus from the International Cell Senescence Association (ICSA) is presented, defining and discussing key cellular and molecular features of senescence and offering recommendations on how to use them as biomarkers.

TL;DR: It is found that malignant cells in glioblastoma exist in four main cellular states that recapitulate distinct neural cell types, are influenced by the tumor microenvironment, and exhibit plasticity.

TL;DR: This review will highlight critical nodal points in VEGF biology, including recent developments in immunotherapy for cancer and multitarget approaches in neovascular eye disease.

TL;DR: A deep neural network is described that accurately predicts splice junctions from an arbitrary pre-mRNA transcript sequence, enabling precise prediction of noncoding genetic variants that cause cryptic splicing.

TL;DR: An exome capture RNA sequencing protocol is used to detect and characterize circRNAs across >2,000 cancer samples and built the most comprehensive catalog of circRNA species to date, MiOncoCirc, the first database to be composed primarily of circ RNAs directly detected in tumor tissues.

TL;DR: Thousands of microbial genomes from yet-to-be-named species are identified, the pangenomes of human-associated microbes are expanded, and better exploitation of metagenomic technologies are allowed.

TL;DR: Genetic influences on psychiatric disorders transcend diagnostic boundaries, suggesting substantial pleiotropy of contributing loci within genes that show heightened expression in the brain throughout the lifespan, beginning prenatally in the second trimester, and play prominent roles in neurodevelopmental processes.

TL;DR: For decades, research into cancer biology focused on the involvement of protein-coding genes, but an explosion of studies into ncRNA biology has shown that they represent a diverse and prevalent group of RNAs, including both oncogenic molecules and those that work in a tumor suppressive manner.

TL;DR: This commentary justifies the need to study more diverse populations using both empirical examples and theoretical reasoning for risk prediction of diseases across global populations.

TL;DR: LIGER, an algorithm that delineates shared and dataset-specific features of cell identity, was applied to four diverse and challenging analyses of human and mouse brain cells, revealing putative mechanisms of cell-type-specific epigenomic regulation.

TL;DR: The findings show that exosomal PD-L1 represents an unexplored therapeutic target, which could overcome resistance to current antibody approaches, and is described as a potential new therapeutic target for cancer patients.

TL;DR: The dynamic properties of diverse CD45+ cell types revealed by this study add new dimensions to the immune landscape of HCC.

TL;DR: This study demonstrates that PDAC microbiome composition, which cross-talks to the gut microbiome, influences the host immune response and natural history of the disease.

TL;DR: An atlas of 366,650 cells from the colon mucosa of 18 UC patients and 12 healthy individuals is generated, revealing 51 epithelial, stromal, and immune cell subsets, including BEST4+ enterocytes, microfold-like cells, and IL13RA2+IL11+ inflammatory fibroblasts, which are associated with resistance to anti-TNF treatment.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that dysfunctional T cells are the major intratumoral proliferating immune cell compartment and that the intensity of the dysfunctional signature is associated with tumor reactivity.

TL;DR: Progress in imaging and genetics and the advent of single-cell technologies provided new insights into the much more complex and fascinating biology of microglia, and their functions in health and disease were better defined.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that reconstituted chromatin undergoes histone tail-driven liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) in physiologic salt and when microinjected into cell nuclei, producing dense and dynamic droplets.

TL;DR: It is proposed that the gut microbiota regulates behaviors in mice via production of neuroactive metabolites, suggesting that gut-brain connections contribute to the pathophysiology of ASD.

TL;DR: These findings identify Trem2 signaling as a major pathway by which macrophages respond to loss of tissue-level lipid homeostasis, highlighting Trem2 as a key sensor of metabolic pathologies across multiple tissues and a potential therapeutic target in metabolic diseases.

TL;DR: To understand the humoral immune response elicited upon natural infections with coronaviruses, a structural framework is provided for understanding coronavirus neutralization by human antibodies and light is shed on activation of coronav virus membrane fusion, which takes place through a receptor-driven ratcheting mechanism.

TL;DR: Single-cell technologies and an atlas of AML cell states, regulators, and markers with implications for precision medicine and immune therapies are provided.

TL;DR: The data suggest that tissue stroma responds to malignant cells by disadvantaging normal parenchymal cells, and provides a comprehensive bone marrow cell census and experimental support for cancer cell crosstalk with specific stromal elements to impair normal tissue function and thereby enable emergent cancer.

TL;DR: The results link CTC clustering to specific changes in DNA methylation that promote stemness and metastasis and point to cluster-targeting compounds to suppress the spread of cancer.

TL;DR: Emerging data on the non-autophagic functions of autophagy-relevant proteins is discussed and it is suggested that most, if not all, components of the molecular machinery for Autophagy also mediate autophagic-independent functions.

TL;DR: The first proteogenomic characterization of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma using paired tumor and adjacent liver tissues from 159 patients provides a valuable resource that significantly expands the knowledge of HBV-related HCC and may eventually benefit clinical practice.