Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology 

About: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology is an academic journal published by Springer Science+Business Media. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Neuroprotection & Medicine. It has an ISSN identifier of 0272-4340. Over the lifetime, 3476 publications have been published receiving 101316 citations. The journal is also known as: Cellular & Molecular Neurobiology.

The emotional brain, fear, and the amygdala.

Abstract: 1 Considerable progress has been made over the past 20 years in relating specific circuits of the brain to emotional functions Much of this work has involved studies of Pavlovian or classical fear conditioning, a behavioral procedure that is used to couple meaningless environmental stimuli to emotional (defense) response networks 2 The major conclusion from studies of fear conditioning is that the amygdala plays critical role in linking external stimuli to defense responses 3 Before describing research on the role of the amygdala in fear conditioning, though, it will be helpful to briefly examine the historical events that preceded modern research on conditioned fear

Introduction to Extracellular Vesicles: Biogenesis, RNA Cargo Selection, Content, Release, and Uptake

Abstract: Extracellular vesicles are a heterogeneous group of membrane-limited vesicles loaded with various proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Release of extracellular vesicles from its cell of origin occurs either through the outward budding of the plasma membrane or through the inward budding of the endosomal membrane, resulting in the formation of multivesicular bodies, which release vesicles upon fusion with the plasma membrane. The release of vesicles can facilitate intercellular communication by contact with or by internalization of contents, either by fusion with the plasma membrane or by endocytosis into “recipient” cells. Although the interest in extracellular vesicle research is increasing, there are still no real standards in place to separate or classify the different types of vesicles. This review provides an introduction into this expanding and complex field of research focusing on the biogenesis, nucleic acid cargo loading, content, release, and uptake of extracellular vesicles.

Glutamate and Schizophrenia: Beyond the Dopamine Hypothesis

Abstract: 1. After 50 years of antipsychotic drug development focused on the dopamine D2 receptor, schizophrenia remains a chronic, disabling disorder for most affected individuals.

Inflammatory mediators and modulation of blood-brain barrier permeability.

Abstract: 1. Unlike some interfaces between the blood and the nervous system (e.g., nerve perineurium), the brain endothelium forming the blood–brain barrier can be modulated by a range of inflammatory mediators. The mechanisms underlying this modulation are reviewed, and the implications for therapy of the brain discussed.

BDNF: A Key Factor with Multipotent Impact on Brain Signaling and Synaptic Plasticity.

Abstract: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of the most widely distributed and extensively studied neurotrophins in the mammalian brain. Among its prominent functions, one can mention control of neuronal and glial development, neuroprotection, and modulation of both short- and long-lasting synaptic interactions, which are critical for cognition and memory. A wide spectrum of processes are controlled by BDNF, and the sometimes contradictory effects of its action can be explained based on its specific pattern of synthesis, comprising several intermediate biologically active isoforms that bind to different types of receptor, triggering several signaling pathways. The functions of BDNF must be discussed in close relation to the stage of brain development, the different cellular components of nervous tissue, as well as the molecular mechanisms of signal transduction activated under physiological and pathological conditions. In this review, we briefly summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the impact of BDNF on regulation of neurophysiological processes. The importance of BDNF for future studies aimed at disclosing mechanisms of activation of signaling pathways, neuro- and gliogenesis, as well as synaptic plasticity is highlighted.