Showing papers in "Cellular Signalling in 2009"

TL;DR: This review will discuss Akt-dependent and -independent mechanisms of mTOR regulation in response to mitogenic signals, as well as its regulation in Response to energy and nutrient-sensing pathways, and highlight pharmacologic approaches that inhibit mTOR via activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an important inhibitor of the mTOR pathway and an emerging target in cancer.

TL;DR: This review focuses on the molecular aspects of PTH and PTHrP signaling in light of old players and recent advances in understanding the control of osteoblast proliferation, differentiation and function.

TL;DR: This review provides an update on the most recent additions to the mTOR pathway with particular emphasis on mTORC1 signalling, and discusses the recent advances that have been made to determine the upstream mechanisms that control m TORC1 through hypoxia, energy sensing and nutrient signalling.

TL;DR: How a single gene product has the capacity to function in these diverse settings, and the subsequent impact on downstream ceramide-mediated biology is the subject of this review.

TL;DR: The mechanisms by which Akt signaling contributes to invasive migration and tumor metastasis, and recent advances in the understanding of the contribution of the Akt pathway in the tumor-associated stroma are discussed.

TL;DR: The role of GPCR mediated signal transduction and their importance in the regulation of actin remodeling leading to cell migration are reviewed.

TL;DR: Protein scaffolds are integral elements to the modulation of the MAPK network in fundamental physiological processes, and exert substantial control over MAPK signalling, influencing the signal intensity, time course and, importantly, the cellular responses.

TL;DR: The aim of this review is to present the cumulative evidence supporting non-canonical HH signalling, with the hope of promoting further enquiry into this area.

TL;DR: Non-toxic "natural agents" harvested from the bounties of nature could be useful either alone or in combination with conventional therapeutics for the prevention of tumor progression and/or treatment of human malignancies.

TL;DR: In this review, recent advances in understanding the role(s) of receptors and intracellular signalling molecules involved in immune responses are summarized.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that GSK3 promotes microglial responses to inflammation and that the utilization of G SK3 inhibitors provides a means to limit the inflammatory actions of microglia.

TL;DR: Activation of some of these signaling molecules can switch the constitutive form of clathrin-independent endocytosis into a stimulated one, associated with PM ruffling and macropinocytotic.

TL;DR: This work will examine the signaling pathways linking SIRT1 to the regulation of autophagic degradation, and how the interactions of Sirt1 with the FoxO and p53 signaling can also regulate both the autophotic degradation and lifespan extension emphasizing the key role of Autophagy in theregulation of lifespan.

TL;DR: Different functional and regulatory roles of IQGAP1 and its homologues are discussed in relation to their potential impact on tumourigenesis.

TL;DR: The selective expression of cell adhesion molecules on different organs and endothelia, in conjunction with the presence of dissimilar adhesion ligands on various colorectal cancer cell lines, suggest that CAMs may also mediate the selection of the host organ, for the development of distant coloreCTal metastases.

TL;DR: This review will focus on the phenomenon of mechanical forces influencing cell biology and the mechanisms by which the gut responds these forces in both the normal as well as pathophysiologic states when forces are altered.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the increase in phosphorylation of AMPK at T172 induced by the adrenergic agonist isoproterenol can be diminished by co-incubation with insulin and that the effects of cyclic AMP on AMPK involve Epac1, PKA and lipolysis.

TL;DR: The main goal of this review is to describe the molecular mechanisms that govern the different functions of group I PAK in neuronal signalling and to discuss the specific functions of each isoform.

TL;DR: Defining the role and mechanism of action of these proteoglycan signaling co-receptors should enable more effective targeting of these co- receptors and their respective pathways for the treatment of human disease.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that mitochondrial dysfunction is directly linked to the ER stress response, and together, cause aberrant insulin signaling and an abnormal increase of hepatic gluconeogenesis.

TL;DR: The purpose of this review is to discuss some of the spatial/temporal aspects of intracellular S1P signalling and to define the function of sphingosine kinases and lipid phosphate phosphatases (which catalyse dephosphorylation of S1p) in terms of their regulation of cell function.

TL;DR: This review summarizes how the coordinated activity of AnxA1, AnXA2, An xA6 and Anx a8 can contribute to regulate EGF receptor localization and activity.

TL;DR: A newly identified receptor through which C1P stimulates cell migration could be an important drug target for treatment of illnesses that are associated to inflammatory processes, or to diseases in which cell migration is a major cause of pathology, as it occurs in metastatic tumors.

TL;DR: The increasing understanding of c-Kit and Flt3 signaling has also revealed the complexity of these receptor systems, and targeted therapy using a combination of such inhibitors is considered a promising approach for future treatments.

TL;DR: This work shows that fusion proteins containing the c-terminus of GPCR kinase 3 (GRK3ct) and either the fluorescent protein cerulean or Renilla luciferase bind to venus-labeled Gbetagamma dimers, resulting in Förster or bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (FRET or BRET).

TL;DR: The dual roles of the inflammatory cytokines produced by senescent cells in the pathogenesis of cancer, and the signaling pathway mediating their role in cellular senescence are discussed.

TL;DR: A model is proposed according to which reggie hetero-oligomers are dynamic, and changes in the size of the heterosomes result in endocytosis of the complex from the plasma membrane.

TL;DR: The results suggest that forskolin stimulates angiogenesis through coordinated cross-talk between two distinct pathways, PKA-dependent VEGF expression and Epac-dependent ERKactivation and PI3K/Akt/eNOS/NO signaling.

TL;DR: Significantly, many of the target responses predicted by changes in miRNA expression were supported by the observed changes in gene expression, suggesting that the miR-17 family have an integral role in fine-tuning the pathways involved in the regulation of neuronal differentiation.

TL;DR: PPM1A and PPM1B play an important role in the termination of TNFalpha-mediated NF-kappaB activation through dephosphorylating and inactivating IKKbeta.