Cepal Review 

About: Cepal Review is an academic journal published by United Nations Publications. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Latin Americans & Population. It has an ISSN identifier of 0251-2920. Over the lifetime, 1142 publications have been published receiving 8085 citations. The journal is also known as: Comisión económica para América Latina y el Caribe review (Online) & Comisión Económica para América Latina review (Print).

Why is there so much economic insecurity in Latin America

Abstract: The view that pervasive economic insecurity threatens political support for the ongoing market-oriented reforms has become one of the most common refrains in current discussions on Latin American affairs Dealing with economic insecurity would thus appear to be a key part of the unfinished agenda of Latin America's reforms The author argues that economic insecurity in Latin America is multifaceted and has many sources that feed on each other Some of the insecurity arises from the decline in employment protection and increased volatility of household outcomes Some of it is the result of erratic capital flows and the systemic instability generated by a divorce between the instruments of stabilization and the real economy Finally, an important component is the weakness of the institutions of voice and representation Programmes aimed at social protection per se can be of partial help only They will have to be complemented by applying macroeconomic policies, especially with regard to capital flows and the exchange rate, that are more conducive to the stability of the real economy and by loosening the control of financial markets over the instruments of macroeconomic policy They will also require access to representative institutions -trade unions, political parties, and legislatures- with greater responsiveness and legitimacy than those that exist at present But perhaps what Latin America needs most is a vision of how social cohesion can be maintained in the face of large inequalities and volatile outcomes, both of which are being aggravated by the growing reliance on market forces The region will have to develop a vision that finds a way to ease the tension between market forces and the yearning for economic security

On being grandmotherly : the evolution of IMF conditionality

Abstract: The principle of conditionality has always been at the centre of the controversy over the influence the International Monetary Fund should wield over national policies in connexion with its loans, to such a point that there were animated arguments on the matter during the negotiations to establish the IMF, not only between the European countries and the United States, but also between various institutions within the latter country.

EMBRAER: From national champion to global player

Abstract: Much has been written on the macroeconomic aspects of the economic reform process in Latin America, but much less has been published on its microeconomic results, especially at the company level. This paper explores how Embraer, a Brazilian aircraft manufacturer, transformed itself after privatization to become a world market leader in a hightech industry traditionally dominated by companies based in member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Its main findings are that top management played a key role in aligning innovation for dynamic capabilites, that the company has been very successful in forming alliances with foreign partners and strengthening its bargaining position, and that the Brazilian authorities have consistently supported Embraer after relinquishing direct control. For these results to be extended to other companies, however, Brazil’s export promotion tools must be made compatible with multilateral norms.

Income distribution and poverty through crisis and adjustment

Abstract: This article analyses the costs in terms of income distribution of the crisis and adjustments of the 1980s, as well as the effects of the subsequent recovery and resumption of sustained growth patterns. This analysis is based on comparable pairs of estimates of income distribution and poverty prepared by ECLAC for the ten largest and predominantly urban countries of the region.

Trade and growth in Chile

Abstract: This study analyses the relations between the noteworthy performance of Chilean exports over the last two decades and the high economic growth rate of the country since the mid-1980s. It concludes that the Chilean experience may be described as a case of "export-led growth" rather than one of "growth-led exports". What were the causes of Chile's export success? Trade liberalization acted as an important stimulus, but this success was also due to other policies, both horizontal and sectoral: the exchange-rate policy followed since 1982, the introduction of drawback arrangements and export subsidies for exports of relatively minor importance in the mid-1980s, the use of a debt conversion programme to stimulate new production activities for the export of specific goods after the debt crisis, the active participation of the State in providing market information, and the substantial subsidies provided for the forestry sector. The next stage in the development of Chilean exports will be more difficult, however, and will call for more complex policies than the previous stage. Among the issues that must be addressed by such policies are the solution of market flaws in key activities (training and education, technical and marketing know-how, and the provision of long-term resources for investments in new activities not previously undertaken);.