Showing papers in "Československá patologie in 1996"

Medulloepithelioma in a cat.

Abstract: Castrated male of European cat, bastard, 16 month-old suffered from a grayish-pink tumour in the anterior chamber of the right eyeball in the course of last six months. After enucleation, the eye was examined by histology, immunohistochemistry (NSE, NPF, S-100 protein) and electronmicroscopy. The tumour was classified as malignant medulloepithelioma. Existence of neuroblastoma in animals and frequency of neuroblastoma and medulloepithelioma in humans and animals is discussed.

Visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis

Abstract: Two cases of kala azar and 5 cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis were found in bioptic files from previous 50 years in Hlava Institute of Pathology in Prague, 4 of them were cumulated in 1994 and 1995 All cases followed short stays in Mediterranean or Caribbean area The latest kala azar was identified from bone marrow trephine biopsy and subsequently, leishmanias were also found in an inapparent hepatopathy In cutaneous cases, a fibrinoid vasculitis was observed in addition to accumulation of leishmanias laden macrophages and tuberculoid granulomas

Tumors in wildlife

Abstract: Wild animal tumours have not been much studied yet. Authors found six mostly benign cases in Czech Republic in checking hunts between the years 1988 and 1993: Mature differentiated ovarian teratoma and apocrine skin adenoma in field hare, intraductal mammary papillomatosis in a roe, complex odontoma and pleomorphic mammary carcinoma (single malignancy in the group) in fox. A soft tissue tumour in a fallow-buck's neck could not be histogenetically classified. A high structural equivalence of animal and human tumours allows using ICD-O classification as a whole.

The spleen in hereditary spherocytosis

Abstract: Hereditary spherocytosis is the most common inherent, autosomal dominant hemolytic anemia. Mild splenomegaly, venostasis and common decrease of while pulp is characteristic for hereditary spherocytosis. Cords are filled with spherocytes, sinuses can be empty or squeezed. Both sinuses and veins include ghost erythrocytes that lost haemoglobin. They are seen light-microscopically in differential interferent contrast. Macrophages are numerous, sinus lining cells are hypertrophic. Erythrophagocytosis is hardly seen by electron microscope. Not all red blood cells are spherocytes. Spherocytes are seen well in electronmicroscopy. We did not observed transition of erythrocytes through sinus walls. In certain circumstances lots of ferritin is seen both intra and extracytoplasmically. Iron accumulation in cords can result in their fibrosis.

[Dysplastic gangliocytoma of the cerebellum (Lhermitte-Duclos)].

Abstract: In a surgical specimen from a 33-year old woman with features of expansive cerebellar symptomatology, dysplastic gangliocytoma of the cerebellum (Lhermitte-Duclos) was diagnosed by histology. The lesion was characterized by typical proliferation of dysplastic neuronal elements in the cortical granular and Purkinje cell layers. Immunohistology showed focal positivity of synaptophysin in some cells, thus confirming their neuronal origin. In electron microscopy, peculiar features of ER in some of dysplastic cells was also noted. Genetic examination proved familiar incidence of Cowden's disease in several members. Chromosomal examination of the patient (karyotype 46, XX) was without abnormalities.

The prognosis of ductal invasive breast carcinoma in histopathology

Abstract: A simple classification of ductal breast carcinoma, consisting of the low, intermediate and high malignancy categories is proposed. The tumour subtypes, categorized according to WHO classification, were sorted into prognostically different subgroups, taking the modified Bloom's grading score and previously published histological studies into account. The low grade category includes papillary, cribriform, tubular, colloid and typical medullary (with the lymphoid stroma) carcinomas. The intermediate group consists of ductal not otherwise specified and mixed ductal/lobular tumours. The high grade category includes atypical medullary, comedo and mucin producing carcinomas. This classification is fully compatible with the commonly adopted ICD-O (1990) morphologic terminology. It should simplify the histological reporting of breast cancer so that the results were as reproducible as from the working formula of malignant lymphomas.

[Pheochromocytoma-ganglioneuroma of the adrenal gland]

Abstract: Two cases of a rare neuroectodermal compound tumor (pheochromocytoma-ganglioneuroma) of the adrenal were described. They were found in 2.85% of all neuroectodermal adrenal tumors investigated during 20 years. One tumor was diagnosed bioptically in a patient with hypertension. The other one was found incidentally in an autopsy. In both of the them, the major part was feochromocytoma. The structures of ganglioneuroma were only focal. Chromogranin A was relatively strongly positive in pheochromocytes which contained neurosecretory granules. In gangliocytes, the neuron-specific enolase was strongly and serotonin weakly expressed.

[Differentiating parathyroid adenoma from microfollicular thyroid nodule in fine-needle aspiration cytology].

Abstract: Two cases of fine needle aspiration cytology of parathyroid adenoma were not misinterpreted as microfollicular nodules of the thyroid. Discrimination of those two lesion is a diagnostic pitfall in cytological material. Authors pointed out criteria for differential diagnosis. Radioimmunoanalysis of parathormone in aspirate served as a simple, safe and reliable method in these cases.

[Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy--a disseminated form of the Rosai-Dorfman syndrome].

Abstract: A 20 year-old black male presented with a generalized lymphadenopathy, skin papules with maximum involvement of the head and trunk region, and elevated temperature. Ultrasound, CT and bone scans revealed infiltration of the kidneys and bones. Surgical specimens of the cervical lymph nodes showed massive infiltration of sinuses by histiocytes with engulfed lymphocytes and granulocytes in their cytoplasm. A similar finding was found in the excised dermis and nasopharyngeal mucosa. Immunohistochemical investigations showed a strong positive reaction of sinusoidal macrophages with anti S100 protein, anti alpha-1 antitrypsin and alpha-1 antichymotrypsin antibodies, negative CD1a. The engulfed granulocytes were positive with lysozyme and MAC387 antibodies; lymphocytes reacted with antilymphocytic antibodies L26, HLADR, UCHL-1 and OPD4 only rarely, possibly due to alterations of their cell membranes in the cytoplasmic environment of histiocytes. Occasional plasma cells were also entrapped in the macrophages. The best results were obtained with CD3 antibody which showed focal predominance of phagocytosed T cells. These findings confirm a nonselective nature of the emperipolesis. In situ hybridization with probes EBER and BHLF against Epstein-Barr virus sequences was negative. The pacient was treated by multidrug chemotherapy with a moderate regression of the infiltrates. The symptoms of the disease persisted for 10 months from the treatment start but further course of the disease is uncertain. The patients is lost to follow up.

Reactivity of antibodies to collagen types I to IV and antibodies to chondroitin sulfate in the spleen

Abstract: Antibodies to collagen type I and III reacted negatively, antibodies to collagen type IV positively with reticulin, trabeculae and circumferent reticulum of lymphatic sheaths, poorly positively with capsula, strongly positively with subcapsular zone. Antibodies to collagen type II reacted positively with capsula, poorly with subcapsular zone, strongly with sinus wall and poorly with trabeculae. They did not react with circumferent reticulum of periarterial lymphoid sheaths. Antibodies to collagen type II and IV reacted positively with central arteries. Antibodies to chondroitinsulphate C reacted poorly and antibodies to chondroitinsulphate B strongly positively with sinus walls and oval cells spread in the white and red pulpa. Antibodies to chondroitin sulphate A reacted similarly as antibodies to chondroitinsulphate B.

[Double-chambered right ventricle].

Abstract: Treatise on double-chambered right ventricle discussing its possible embryonal development studies 3 cases from a group of 568 congenital heart malformations (collected between 1972 and 1994) and compares them with the information from literature.

Fibronectin and the human spleen

Abstract: Fibronectins are glycoproteins with a function of molecular glue. The aim of the study is to encourage interest in processes in extracellular matrix of the spleen. Undigested cryostat or formol-paraffin sections and commercially available antibodies were used. We were mostly successful in extracellular localization of fibronectin in trabeculae, vessel walls and lamellae of circumferent reticulum of periarterial lymphatic sheaths and in the ring fibres of the sinuses. Changes in the amount of fibronectin occurred, for example, in circulation disturbances. In hereditary spherocytosis the ring fibres were reduced. Increase of fibronectin can suggest the development of fibrosis.

Present knowledge of human spleen function

Abstract: The human spleen is an important lymphoid organ participating in immune reactions against all types of circulating antigens. It also removes particles of nonantigenic nature from blood circulation. The structure of the spleen, containing specialized cells types, provides a microenvironment where various intercellular interactions occur and determines the course of development of immune and nonimmune reactions. Though the spleen significantly participates in host defense reactions it is not inevitable for life. However, removing of the spleen increases the risk of overwhelming infections by bacteria with polysaccharide capsules.