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Showing papers in "Československá patologie in 2005"


Journal Article
TL;DR: The extensive research currently being done in molecular biology and pathology, cancer genomics and proteomics will hopefully contribute to further elucidation of all the genetic and environmental factors involved in the development, differentiation, and involution of the mammary gland and this may give insight into the etiopathogenesis, early detection, treatment, and potential prevention of breast cancer.
Abstract: The mammary gland is a complex organ that begins development early in gestation and constantly changes in size, shape and function from the time of puberty to menopause. The earliest stages of embryogenesis appear to be independent of steroid hormones, whereas after the 15th week breast structure is largely influenced by a variety of hormones. In most females, further breast development begins at puberty under the influence of cyclical estrogen and progesterone secretion. This process may continue into the 20s and it is enhanced by pregnancy. Growth and transcription factors contribute to the reciprocal stromal-epithelial interactions in growth, development and tumorogenesis of the mammary gland. From the embryological point of view the morphology of both mammary ductal and lobular cells results from the same developmental process. Numerous data suggest the existence of self-renewing, pluripotent mammary stem cells but their molecular characteristics and differentiation pathways are unknown. The extensive research currently being done in molecular biology and pathology, cancer genomics and proteomics will hopefully contribute to further elucidation of all the genetic and environmental factors involved in the development, differentiation, and involution of the mammary gland and this may give insight into the etiopathogenesis, early detection, treatment, and potential prevention of breast cancer.

14 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: It is shown that the diagnosis of AG may be established microscopically in endoscopic specimens of the gastric body mucosa when histologic features and immunohistochemical detection of ECL and G cell hyperplasia are combined.
Abstract: The histopathological diagnosis of autoimmune gastritis (AG) in its early stages can be a diagnostic challenge. Even some advanced cases with complete atrophy of the corpus mucosa may be difficult to recognize. To establish the diagnosis of autoimmune gastritis, several histological features should be assessed and combined with immunostains for enterochromaffin cell-like (ECL) cells and G-cells. The main histological criteria include a mononuclear infiltrate within the lamina propria, foci of destruction of oxyntic glands, intestinal metaplasia (IM), pyloric metaplasia, and parietal cell pseudohypertrophy. These criteria were evaluated in our series of 25 patients with achlorhydria and/or megaloblastic anemia. Some of our patients presented with nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms. The age ranged between 46 and 79 years; one male patient was only 31 years old. Histologically, the corpus mucosa displayed in all cases chronic inflammation with focal complete IM and advanced pyloric metaplasia. In 4 patients, oxyntic glands were destructed in some sites. There was a pancreatic metaplasia of acinar type in 2 patients and a minimal focal pseudohypertrophy of parietal cells in the 31-year-old man. A tubular adenoma with a low-grade dysplasia was found in one female patient. Immunohistochemically, chromogranin-A highlighted linear or nodular hyperplasia of ECL cells in 19 patients, and adenomatoid ECL hyperplasia in one case (80%). In the remaining cases hyperplasia of ECL cells could not be recognized from their normal count. In 13 cases (52%) a few ECL cells were seen also in IM. Regarding associated pathology, in one woman with nodular ECL cell hyperplasia, a gastric carcinoid was removed endoscopically. The reaction with gastrin antibody revealed in 11 cases (44%) a small number of G cells in IM in the corpus mucosa. In 18 patients, antral mucosa was examined as well. In 8 patients, the mucosa was normal; in 10 cases, a mild chronic inactive gastritis was diagnosed, and in 15 patients G-cell hyperplasia was found. In accordance with other studies, we show that the diagnosis of AG may be established microscopically in endoscopic specimens of the gastric body mucosa when histologic features and immunohistochemical detection of ECL and G cell hyperplasia are combined.

13 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: The role of antibodies in rejection of transplanted kidneys was the subject of debate at the last two Banff meetings and in medical journals and diffuse C4d positive staining of peritubular capillaries was recognized as a marker of antibody-mediated rejection and this morphological feature was included in the updated Banff schema.
Abstract: The role of antibodies in rejection of transplanted kidneys was the subject of debate at the last two Banff meetings and in medical journals. Diffuse C4d positive staining of peritubular capillaries (PTCs) was recognized as a marker of antibody-mediated rejection and this morphological feature was included in the updated Banff schema. At the same time polyomavirus infection of the renal allografts has been reported more frequently and is emerging as an important cause of renal allograft dysfunction and graft loss. At the present time, BK-virus nephropathy (BKN) represents the most common viral disease affecting renal allografts. BKN was identified in 6 patients in 12 biopsies and 2 graft nephrectomy specimens of 1115 biopsies between September 2000 and December 2003. Definite virus identification was done by immunohistochemistry. The reason for graft nephrectomies was graft failure due to BKN in a recipient after kidney-pancreas transplantation with good function of his pancreas graft and the necessity of continuing immunosuppression. Detection of C4d deposits was performed by immunofluorescence or by immunohistochemistry. In graftectomy samples C4d detection was performed by immunohistochemistry and retrospectively in all cases of BKN. Focal C4d positive PTCs and BKN were found simultaneously in 9 of 12 needle biopsies and in both graft nephrectomy samples. Detection of C4d by immunohistochemistry disclosed focal C4d positive staining in kidney tissue but diffuse in the sites where BK-virus inclusions in tubular epithelial cells were found. The complement system is part of the host defense response and is crucial to our natural ability to ward off infection. In cases of BKN, virus likely gains access to the bloodstream through injured tubular walls and via PTCs. Vascular endothelium in the PTCs represents a potential target antigen for alloresponse, and simultaneously possibly represents an imprint of complement activation or complement production in the places with BK-virus infection.

11 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: Two cases of adult testicular teratoma with shadow cell differentiation (SCD) similar to that seen commonly in pilomatrixoma are presented and the distinction of ter atoma from dermoid cyst must be based on other morphological findings.
Abstract: Two cases of adult testicular teratoma with shadow cell differentiation (SCD) similar to that seen commonly in pilomatrixoma are presented. The patients aged 21 and 27 years, and both tumors were limited to the testis. The differentiation of squamous epithelium toward shadow cells is well known in cutaneous pilomatrixoma and related lesions, some odontogenic tumors, craniopharyngeoma, and it was recently observed in several visceral carcinomas. In testicular location, SCD was so far described in benign dermoid cyst but not in teratoma, suggesting that the occurrence of shadow cells could help in differential diagnosis between these lesions. This is, however, not the case and the distinction of teratoma from dermoid cyst must be based on other morphological findings.

11 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: Two women, 70 and 40-year-old, one with invasive ductal papillocarcinoma, the other one with conventional intraductal hyperplasia without atypia, both demonstrated massive diffuse, PAS positive, granular eosinophilic transformation of the cell cytoplasm.
Abstract: Described are two epithelial lesions of the breast displaying extremely rare, widespread acinic cell-like differentiation (metaplasia). Two women, 70 and 40-year-old, one with invasive ductal papillocarcinoma, the other one with conventional intraductal hyperplasia without atypia, both demonstrated massive diffuse, PAS positive, granular eosinophilic transformation of the cell cytoplasm. This unusual cell appearance closely simulated acinar cells in normal serous salivary gland/acinic cell carcinoma or Paneth cells. Both extensive expression of lysozyme and finding of numerous zymogen granules ultrastructurally confirmed the acinic cell-like fenotype. Discussed is differential diagnosis of the breast neoplasm containing overt eosinophilic and granular cytoplasm. Reviewing literature and comparing our unique finding of unusual salivary-type differentiation in conventional ductal hyperplasia of the breast, biologic implications are considered.

9 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: A collision of GIST and gastritis cystica profunda is suggested in the histogenesis of the lesion.
Abstract: A case of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) with an unusual glandular component is reported. The tumor was found in the gastric fundus of a 93-year-old woman. Histologically, the lesion showed a biphasic adenosarcoma-like structure. Typical low-grade spindle cell patterns of GIST were intermingled with numerous and partly cystic glands. The glandular epithelium had pyloric/foveolar-like appearance, with foci of intestinal metaplasia and low-grade dysplasia. The stromal component was immunoreactive for CD117 (c-kit) and CD34, and negative for myoid and neuroid markers. The ultrastructural examination found nondescript and undifferentiated spindle cells. The gastric mucosa and submucosa near the tumor contained a small area with features of gastritis cystica profunda, with glands similar to those present inside the tumor. Therefore, a collision of GIST and gastritis cystica profunda is suggested in the histogenesis of the lesion.

8 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: The immunophenotype indicates, along with finding of associated CIN, a role of oncogenic HPV in pathogenesis of ABE, and indicates possible partial tuboendometrioid differentiation in the glandular component of the lesion.
Abstract: A case of adenoid basal epithelioma (ABE) of the uterine cervix in 21-year-old woman is reported. The patient's age appears to be lowest among cases of ABE reported to date. The tumor showed typical histologic features of ABE and was associated with CIN3. In addition, rare tumor cells had surface cilia-appearing structures suggesting tubal differentiation. Immunohistochemically, the tumor was reactive for p63, CD10, ER, PR, p16 and bcl-2, and negative for CEA. Thus, the immunophenotype also suggests possible partial tuboendometrioid differentiation in the glandular component of the lesion. It further indicates, along with finding of associated CIN, a role of oncogenic HPV in pathogenesis of ABE.

8 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: The results of immunostaining for S-100 protein, alpha-smooth muscle actin, muscle specific actin and desmin in articular cartilage specimens obtained during an arthroscopy from eight patients with different degrees of osteoarthritis of the knee joint showed that the chondrocytes probably switched on smooth muscle features during the healing process, because desmin is to a great extent a typical muscle cell marker.
Abstract: We studied the results of immunostaining for S-100 protein, alpha-smooth muscle actin, muscle specific actin and desmin in articular cartilage specimens obtained during an arthroscopy from eight patients with different degrees of osteoarthritis of the knee joint. In all cases, most of the cartilage cells were strongly positive for S-100 protein. Actin positive chondrocytes were present in four samples showing repair cartilage changes with occurrence of fibrocartilage tissue. Moreover, in one case, we observed typical desmin-positive chondrocytes in the layer of cartilage filling the defect of the articular cartilage surface. The expression of desmin can be regarded as a reaction to trauma or the indication of an inherent abnormality. The chondrocytes probably switched on smooth muscle features during the healing process, because desmin is to a great extent a typical muscle cell marker. This fact could probably support our previous supposition that cartilage cells expressing muscle markers could be designated as myochondroblasts and myochondrocytes analogously to the terminology of myofibroblasts. It is possible that during the healing of the cartilage defects, such a transformation of the immunophenotype of the cartilage cells is quite frequent, but it could also be only transient nature only.

7 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: Significant increase in nestin expression in melanoma groups, especially in nodular melanomas, where nestin was localized mainly in the peripheral, invasive areas of the tumor mass.
Abstract: UNLABELLED Nestin is one of intermedial filaments exprimed in proliferating progenitor cells of the CNS and PNS (central and peripheral nervous system). Postnatal reexpression of the protein occures mainly in CNS tumors and correlates with a high grade of malignancy. The aim of our study is assessment of the nestin expression in benign and malignant skin melanocytic lesions with respect to presume a prognostic role of this protein. We examined 127 bioptic specimens, including 42 nodular melanomas (NM), 32 superficial spreading melanomas (SSM), 10 dysplastic nevi and 43 common intradermal or dermoepidermal nevi. We proved significant increase in nestin expression in melanoma groups, especially in nodular melanomas, where nestin was localized mainly in the peripheral, invasive areas of the tumor mass. CONCLUSION Detection of nestin expression might be used as an additional melanocytic tumour marker.

5 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: The presence of tenascin in the ECS of a neoplasm correlates significantly with the increased malignancy of the tumor and a poor clinical outcome of the disease, thus making the immunohistochemical detection ofTenascin diagnostically useful as a prognostic marker and a marker of aggressive biological behavior of tumors.
Abstract: The size, geometry and composition of the extracellular space (ECS) play an important role in influencing the biological behavior of primary brain tumors. Experiments employing the real-time TMA iontophoretic method to determine the size and geometry of the ECS, by monitoring the diffusion of TMA ions in the ECS, revealed a dramatic increase in ECS size in brain neoplasms when compared with that of unaffected brain cortex. Further, the increase of ECS volume in tumors was shown to correlate with increasing proliferative activity and increasing cellularity of astrocytomas. The increase in ECS size was surprisingly accompanied by a significant increase in diffusion barriers, slowing the diffusion of molecules in the ECS of tumors. In low-grade tumors, diffusion is hindered by the presence of a dense net of tumor cell processes. In high-grade gliomas, in which the cellular processes are shortened with reduced branching, the increase in diffusion barriers is caused by the overproduction of specific components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by the tumor cells, mainly tenascin. The ECM glycoproteins produced represent a substrate for the subsequent adhesion and migration of tumor cells through the enlarged ECS. However, they might also critically reduce the diffusion of therapeutics into the tumor. The presence of tenascin in the ECS of a neoplasm correlates significantly with the increased malignancy of the tumor and a poor clinical outcome of the disease, thus making the immunohistochemical detection of tenascin diagnostically useful as a prognostic marker and a marker of aggressive biological behavior of tumors.

4 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: Amyloidosis and particularly scarring of MSPV appear generally in the elderly population as an arrhythmogenic substrate for AF, and it is suggested that genesis of the scarring is not postnecrotic but degenerative, due to diffuse hypoxia of the sleeve myocardium.
Abstract: Pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common sustained heart arrhythmia, is not yet fully elucidated. Recent electrophysiological studies have shown that in most patients with AF the arrhythmia is triggered by ectopic beats originating from extensions of left atrial myocardium over the pulmonary veins (PVs), so called myocardial sleeves (MSPV). A total of 100 hearts (393 PVs) obtained at autopsy were prospectively studied - 50 from patients with chronic AF (average age 76.9 +/- 7.3 yrs.) and a control group of 50 with a sinus rhythm (aver. age 71.7 +/- 9.5 yrs.). This is a largest study published on this topic so far. It appeared that MSPV frequently harbour pathological lesions, particularly senile atrial amyloid, and scarring. These two pathological changes were evaluated semiquantitatively on a grade 0-3 basis in individual PVs, comparing the results in the AF vs. the control group. Amyloidosis of MSPV was found in 68 % of all hearts and in 55 % of all sleeves. The deposits were most marked in the right superior PV. Amyloidosis was more frequent and more severe in MSPV of patients with AF (58.5 %; average grade 0.89) than of those without AF (51.7 %; aver. grade 0.76); the differences, however, lack statistical significance. Scarring of MSPV was present in all 349 sleeves, more markedly in the left inferior, left superior, and right superior PVs. It was significantly more severe in patients with AF compared to those without the arrhythmia. By an injection metod, we have shown that MSPV are supplied by coronary arteries. However, the degree of scarring of the sleeves did not correlate with the degree of coronary atherosclerosis. We suggest that genesis of the scarring is not postnecrotic but degenerative, due to diffuse hypoxia of the sleeve myocardium. To conclude, amyloidosis and particularly scarring of MSPV appear generally in the elderly population as an arrhythmogenic substrate for AF.

Journal Article
TL;DR: Investigation of the expression of hormonal receptors by tumour cells and the examination of proliferation activity of the tumour cell by means of antibody Ki-67 revealed that only clinical parameters were significant prognostic factors: size of residual tumor, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, age, and age revealed significance.
Abstract: Ovarian carcinoma is one of the most common cancers in women. The high mortality is due mostly to the fact that the tumour is frequently diagnosed in advanced stages. The aim of our study was to find immunohistochemically detectable significant prognostic markers for invasive ovarian carcinoma. There were two areas of research: the expression of hormonal receptors by tumour cells, and the examination of proliferation activity of the tumour cell by means of antibody Ki-67. Tumour samples from 96 patients with carcinoma of ovary were evaluated (age 27-82 years, mean 55.2 years). Size of residual tumour (p = 0.00002), FIGO stage (p = 0.001), age (p = 0.018), expression of progesterone receptors (p = 0.004), coexpression of steroid receptors (p = 0.039), proliferation activity of the tumour cell (p = 0.04), and chemotherapy (p = 0.018) were significant predictors of survival in univariate analysis. Borderline significance was found in other evaluated parameters: grade (p = 0.063) and histology of carcinoma (p = 0.085). Expression of estrogen receptors and radiotherapy were not correlated to survival in univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis revealed that only clinical parameters were significant prognostic factors: size of residual tumor (p < 0.0000), chemotherapy (p = 0.0009), radiotherapy (p = 0.0097), and age (p = 0.0048).

Journal Article
TL;DR: This case report presents an interesting case of the adenomatoid tumor of the right adrenal gland in a 55-year-old woman and emphasizes the presence of an intraluminal thread-like bridging strands, generally considered to be a characteristic histologic feature of this tumor.
Abstract: Adenomatoid tumor of adrenal gland is a very rare primary tumor with favourable prognosis The mesothelial origin of this tumor was confirmed by multiple studies of various authors This origin was proven by immunohistochemical and ultrastructural examinations In our case report, we present an interesting case of the adenomatoid tumor of the right adrenal gland in a 55-year-old woman Our case is the second well-documented case of this tumor occurring in a female adult patient We emphasize the presence of an intraluminal thread-like bridging strands, generally considered to be a characteristic histologic feature of this tumor, which have not yet been reported in literature in adenomatoid tumor located in adrenal glands

Journal Article
TL;DR: The case of an 83-year-old female with a history of a two months enlarging goiter is presented and the diagnosis of thyroid anaplastic carcinoma with chondrosarcomatous component was established.
Abstract: The case of an 83-year-old female with a history of a two months enlarging goiter is presented. Clinically, a firm goiter with fixation to surrounding soft tissues was found. Fine needle aspiration cytology was performed with the conclusion of a sarcomatoid variant of anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid gland; biopsy was recommended. The patient was operated on and died six months after operation with metastatic dissemination in lymphatic nodes and lungs. Histologically, an invasive high-grade tumor composed of irregular, sometimes bizarre spindled or polygonal cells intermingled with foci of chondroid tissue was seen. The cartilage comprised lobularly arranged chondrocytes with irregular nuclei; bi- or multinucleated chondrocytes were present as well. The diagnosis of thyroid anaplastic carcinoma with chondrosarcomatous component was established. Differential diagnostics of this tumour is discussed.

Journal Article
TL;DR: The findings showed that Fas/Fas-L, Bcl-2, and CAS 8 may be involved in modulation of apoptosis during CD, which can partially explain preservation of the normal villous architecture.
Abstract: Mechanisms leading to morphological changes of the small intestine during coeliac disease are not yet completely recognized, however, two main processes have been suggested recently: remodelling of mucosa by matrix metalloproteinases, and mucosal atrophy by apoptosis The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of proteins regulating apoptosis and some markers of proliferation in the mucosa of the small intestine of children with active (ACD) and latent form (LCD) of coeliac disease (CD) Intestinal biopsies of 43 children with ACD and LCD were analyzed by standard indirect immunohistochemical technique for Fas, Fas ligand (Fas-L), tissue transglutaminase (tTG), Bcl-2, Bid, glutathione S-transferase (GST), CAS 3, CAS 8, PARP, Ki-67, Topoisomerase IIa, PCNA expression We found significantly lower numbers of Fas-expressing enterocytes in ACD patients than in LCD patients and controls The number of Fas-positive mucosal lymphocytes was decreased in ACD when compared with LCD Fas-L expression in enterocytes and mucosal lymphocytes was higher in ACD and LCD compared to controls We found significantly more Bcl-2 negative lymphocytes in ACD than in LCD and controls Bid expression in enterocytes was higher in LCD compared to ACD and controls In intraepithelial lymphocytes, there was higher Bid expression in LCD than in ACD and controls compared to expression in mucosal lymphocytes, where was found higher number of positive cells in controls than in ACD and LCD Expression of CAS 8 in mucosal lymphocytes was significantly higher in ACD compared to LCD The expression of tTG in extracellular matrix and basal lamina was significantly higher in LCD and ACD when compared to controls Expression of tTG was higher in the group of ACD and LCD in the enterocytes and in the lymphocytes Our findings showed that Fas/Fas-L, Bcl-2, and CAS 8 may be involved in modulation of apoptosis during CD Increased apoptotic elimination of IEL in LCD can partially explain preservation of the normal villous architecture Increased tTG expression may be an early sign of increased apoptosis or may be related to its role in CD pathogenesis

Journal Article
TL;DR: It is suggested that the differentiated nervous tissue of teratoma represents a unique natural model suitable for research of some aspects of neurohistology and neuropathology, e.g. synaptogenesis or myelinogenesis.
Abstract: In 30-50 percent of cases mature cystic ovarian teratomas contain a nervous tissue which can be highly differentiated. This study was focused on research of the nervous component of mature cystic ovarian teratomas with generally available methods to pathologists, including impregnation techniques, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. From the total number of 212 mature cystic ovarian teratomas, the nervous tissue was found in 72 cases (34%), which corresponds to the literature data. According to its differentiation, it was possible to distinguish five categories of nervous tissue by light microscopy: 0 peripheral nervous tissue only, 1--solid glial nodules, 2--glial cysts, 3--glial tissue with abundant scattered neurons and, finally, 4--organoid nervous tissue similar to certain CNS structures. Apart from the foci similar to grey matter of the spinal cord and cerebral cortex, those of differentiated cerebellar cortex were present as well. Astrocytes mostly predominated in the nervous tissue, and they sometimes showed reactive changes including gemistocytes and formation of Rosenthal fibres. Neuronal elements also showed degenerative changes quite frequently, especially in a less differentiated nervous component. These changes might have developed due to an abnormal location of the nervous tissue or its hypoxia in the teratoma. Contrary to some literature data, oligodendrocytes and myelin were present in the nervous tissue of most of our cases. Ultrastructurally, neurons with fully developed synapses were observed in the nervous component, and dendritic spines were present on dendrites of Purkinje cells of cerebellar cortex. The results obtained from the examination of teratomas in this study confirmed and enriched the literature data concerning the high degree of differentiation of their nervous components. We suggest that the differentiated nervous tissue of teratoma represents a unique natural model suitable for research of some aspects of neurohistology and neuropathology, e.g. synaptogenesis or myelinogenesis.

Journal Article
TL;DR: The occurrence of ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinoma with mural nodule of anaplastic carcinoma and cervical squamous cell carcinoma is evidently very uncommon, because it has not been found in the literature.
Abstract: Solidni muralni tumorozni uzel v mucinoznim cystickem nadoru ovaria je castějsi než se běžně předpoklada Je prezentovan jeden připad se soucasným karcinomem děložniho hrdla Třicetiosmileta žena byla operovana pro nador praveho ovaria Po peroperacni diagnoze ovarialni malignity byla provedena oboustranna salpingo-ooforektomie a hysterektomie Nador ovaria byl tvořen unilokularni cystou s muralnim uzlem Uzel měl charakter nediferencovaneho karcinomu Imunohistochemicky byly atypicke buňky uzlu pozitivni pro cytokeratin, CEA a vimentin, což potvrzuje jejich anaplastický charakter Histologicky byl nalezen i soucasný invazivni dlaždicobuněcný karcinom děložniho hrdla Pacientka byla lecena chemoa radioterapii Patnact měsiců po operaci je v dobrem stavu, bez znamek nadoru V literatuře jsme nenasli podobný připad mucinozniho cystadenokarcinomu ovaria s muralnim uzlem anaplastickeho karcinomu a soucasný dlaždicobuněcný karcinom děložniho hrdla Klicova slova: ovarium – mucinozni cystadenokarcinom – muralni uzel – anaplastický karcinom – cervikalni karcinom Summary Solid mural nodule within a mucinous cystic ovarian tumor occurs more often than generally presumed One especially interesting case involving coincidental cervical carcinoma is presented A 38-year-old woman underwent exploratory laparotomy for a right ovarian tumor After ovarian malignancy had been diagnosed from frozen section, the bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and hysterectomy was performed The tumor had a unilocular cystic cavity and a mural nodule The nodule showed undifferentiated carcinomatous features The immunohistochemical examination revealed atypical cells in the nodule which were positive for cytokeratin, CEA, and vimentine, establishing its anaplastic nature A synchronous cervical invasive squamous carcinoma was documented The patient was treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy Currently, at 15 postoperative months, she is well and free of disease The occurrence of ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinoma with mural nodule of anaplastic carcinoma and cervical squamous cell carcinoma is evidently very uncommon, because we have not found a similar case in the literature

Journal Article
TL;DR: The herein described case of simultaneous occurrence of branchiogenic cyst and amyloid goiter represents, to the best knowledge, a unique coexistence of these two entities.
Abstract: A case of amyloid goiter in a 73-year-old man with systemic amyloidosis complicating long lasting rheumatoid arthritis is reported. The thyroid gland was massively infiltrated with amyloid and contained foci of fat tissue and epithelial solid cell nests. Incidentally, a cyst lined by squamous epithelium, with small amount of lymphocytes in the subepithelial stroma was found. This cyst fulfilled the criteria for the diagnosis of a lymphoepithelial cyst presumably of branchiogenic origin. The herein described case of simultaneous occurrence of branchiogenic cyst and amyloid goiter represents, to our best knowledge, a unique coexistence of these two entities. The possible relationship between these lesions and their differential diagnosis is discussed.

Journal Article
TL;DR: Emphysematous cystitis was found at autopsy of a 47-year-old man suffering from generalised malignant melanoma and was, in this case, a localised clostridial infection without clinical and morphological signs of generalised septicaemia.
Abstract: Emphysematous cystitis was found at autopsy of a 47-year-old man suffering from generalised malignant melanoma. Bacteriological cultures from the urinary bladder showed Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp. and Clostridium perfringens type A, toxic strain. The histological examination revealed cystic dilatation of lymphatic vessels both in bladder mucosa and muscularis propria. There were multinucleated macrophages in the lining of some of these cystic spaces and a few Gram-positive rods inside their lumina. In the mucosal and submucosal connective tissue there were signs of chronic inflammation and, focally, small haemorrhages. We suppose that the gas production was due to the presence of Clostridium perfringens and believe that the infection of the urinary bladder occurred in relation to the repeated insertion of the catheter into the bladder of a patient with secondary immunosuppression. Emphysematous cystitis was, in our case, a localised clostridial infection without clinical and morphological signs of generalised septicaemia.

Journal Article
Feit J1
TL;DR: Marking excision margins of surgical specimens by silver impregnation has several advantages over commonly used Indian ink: during the slicing the tissue preserves its natural color, the staining is permanent, and the pigment does not smudge over cutting surfaces.
Abstract: Summary Marking excision margins of surgical specimens by silver impregnation has several advantages over commonly used Indian ink: during the slicing the tissue preserves its natural color, the staining is permanent, and the pigment does not smudge over cutting surfaces. The pigment is clearly visible in tissue sections. The tissue specimen is shortly dipped into a 10% water solution of argent nitrate (AgNO3 with HNO3). After slicing, the tissue specimens are developed in common black & white developer for several seconds and paraffin processed as usual. The method is suitable for formaldehyde fixed as well as fresh tissue specimens.