Chem 

TL;DR: In this article, the authors soberly reflect the charge transfer mechanism from many perspectives and are finally aware of the fundamental challenges they face to ensure a correct understanding, it is necessary to share their analysis with others Moreover, step-scheme heterojunctions, consisting of a reduction photocatalyst and an oxidizer with staggered band structure, are introduced to avoid misinterpretation.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the recent progress in the field of energy storage and conversion using metal-organic frameworks and their composites and derivatives by focusing on the correlation of structure, composition, and function.

TL;DR: In this article, a review of recent progress in using 2D nanosheets for CO 2 reduction is presented, focusing on recent progress that has been achieved in using these 2D materials for ECR.

TL;DR: In this paper, single Ru sites supported on N-doped porous carbon greatly promoted electroreduction of aqueous N2 selectively to NH3, affording an NH3 formation rate of 3.665 m g N H 3 h − 1 m g Ru − 1 at −0.21 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode.

TL;DR: In this article, the ion-transport mechanisms, fundamental properties, and preparation techniques of various classes of polymer electrolytes, such as solvent-free polymer electrolyte (SPEs), gel polymer (GPEs), and composite polymer (CPEs), are summarized.