Showing papers in "ChemBioEng reviews in 2022"
TL;DR: In this article , the water treatment process by removing heavy metals from polluted sources is explained in detail, and various detection and removal techniques and their modeling for heavy metal removal are reviewed.
Abstract: The water treatment process by removing heavy metals from polluted sources is explained in detail. Various detection and removal techniques and their modeling for heavy metal removal are reviewed. Detection of heavy metals is possible by several optical, spectroscopic and electrochemical methods. Due to their high efficiencies and accurate evaluation capabilities, several spectroscopic as well as other techniques like neutron activation analysis and X-ray fluorescence are discussed and found highly significant. Adsorption, photocatalysis, ion exchange, electrochemical methods, membrane filtration, chemical precipitation, and forward osmosis are the most frequently used techniques for heavy metal removal, being up to 100 % efficient to detect and remove heavy metal ions. The design, operation, and key features of all techniques are explained. The regeneration of used adsorbents, resins, and other materials to remove heavy metals is found as key step in the wastewater treatment process.
21 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the effects of metabolic uncouplers, heavy metals, carbon nanotubes, pharmaceuticals and personal care products, nanoparticles, and phenolic compounds stress on microbial biomass in activated sludge systems.
Abstract: The presence of xenobiotic compounds in biological wastewater treatment processes with activated sludge may reduce microbial communities, disrupt microbial diversity, and diminish system performance. Shock loads and unusual operating events in these biological systems have negative impacts on their efficiency and reliability for pollutant degradation, thereby posing high risk to microorganisms and water quality of receiving treated water bodies. The severity and characteristics of the occurring damage are determined by the toxic contaminant's degree, nature and mode of application. This review highlights the effects of metabolic uncouplers, heavy metals, carbon nanotubes, pharmaceuticals and personal care products, nanoparticles, and phenolic compounds stress on microbial biomass in activated sludge systems. The synergistic, antagonistic, and shock load toxic effects of hybrid substances exposure in an activated sludge sequential batch reactor (SBR) system on organic and nutrient removal, system efficiency, and toxicants biodegradation are discussed. The findings can be used to provide a theoretical foundation and professional assistance for optimizing the shock impacts of these toxic substances on biological wastewater treatment systems, which will help to reduce their negative effects on treatment system efficiency.
17 citations
TL;DR: A review of the works done on the removal of carbamazepine (CBZ) from water by adsorption is presented in this paper , where the key mechanisms of CBZ adaption were π-π interaction, electrostatic interactions, hydrogen-bonding and hydrophobic interactions.
Abstract: Carbamazepine (CBZ) is a pharmaceutical compound used in medical practice. Due to the ecotoxicological risk of its presence in the aqueous environment, researchers have been investigating its removal by adsorption technique. The aim of this study is to review the works done on the removal of CBZ from water by adsorption. Carbon-based materials were the best types of adsorbent for CBZ uptake (> 200 mg g−1). Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) showed especially good adsorption capacities. The key mechanisms of CBZ adsorption were π-π interaction, electrostatic interactions, hydrogen-bonding and hydrophobic interactions. Classical equilibrium isotherm models like Langmuir and Freundlich were always best-fits and kinetics modelling was best-fit to the pseudo-second order model. The thermodynamics modelling of CBZ adsorption showed it was spontaneous and endothermic for most adsorbents. Methanol and acetone were especially effective for the desorption of CBZ from adsorbents and can achieve > 90 % removal even after 4–5 cycles. CBZ competes favorably in adsorption systems with other pharmaceutical species due to the advantages of the hydrophobic effect and molecular size.
13 citations
TL;DR: In this article , a comparative study of the artificial intelligence/machine learning based techniques, and potential applications in the COVID-19 waste management cycle (WMC) is presented, where a general integrated solid waste management (ISWM) strategy is mapped for both short-term and long-term goals of COVID•19 WMC, making use of the techniques investigated.
Abstract: Abstract COVID‐19 has swept across the globe and disrupted all vectors of social life. Every informed measure must be taken to stop its spread, bring down number of new infections and move to normalization of daily life. Contemporary research has not identified waste management as one of the critical transmission vectors for COVID‐19 virus. However, most underdeveloped countries are facing problems in waste management processes due to the general inadequacy and inability of waste management. In that context, smart intervention will be needed to contain possibility of the COVID‐19 spread due to inadequate waste management. This paper presents a comparative study of the artificial intelligence/machine learning based techniques, and potential applications in the COVID‐19 waste management cycle (WMC). A general integrated solid waste management (ISWM) strategy is mapped for both short‐term and long‐term goals of COVID‐19 WMC, making use of the techniques investigated. By aligning current health/waste‐related guidelines from health organizations and governments worldwide and contemporary, relevant research in area, the challenge of COVID‐19 waste management and, subsequently, slowing the pandemic down may be assisted.
12 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the state-of-the-art status of the different types of centrifugal extractors is surveyed with emphasis on those available on the market nowadays, and their recent applications are covered with exclusion of two fields: oil-water separations and nuclear industry.
Abstract: In light of the elevating pressures toward adopting intensifying technologies, centrifugal extractors are increasingly drawing attention as a promising alternative to traditional extraction equipment. Recently, many fields have applied them in research and that resulted in a considerable amount of information that may be hard to follow. To keep interested researchers updated, this work presents the state-of-the-art status of those devices. That is, the different types of centrifugal extractors are first surveyed with emphasis on those available on the market nowadays. Then, their recent applications are covered with exclusion of two fields: oil-water separations and nuclear industry, as the purpose is to accent centrifugal extractors' potential and compatibility with the widest possible range of applications beyond traditional ones. A further section addresses the hydrodynamics of annular centrifugal contactors that form a major subfamily of centrifugal extractors. Those annular variants have received special focus throughout this work, since not only are they the most encountered devices in literature but also still to date under development with latest versions being 3D-printed.
11 citations
TL;DR: Lauric acid and monolaurin have a strong ability to destroy gram positive bacteria, especially S. aureus, fungi such as C. Albicans, and viruses including vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), and visna virus (VV) as discussed by the authors .
Abstract: Virgin coconut oil is obtained by wet processing of coconut milk using fermentation, centrifugation, enzymatic extraction, and the microwave heating method. Presently, VCO has several positive effects and benefits to human health, hence, it is regularly consumed and widely known as a unique functional food. VCO contains lauric acid (45 to 52 %). By lipase in the digestive system, VCO can undergo a breakdown into lauric acid, 1-monolaurin, and 2-monolaurin. These components have both hydrophilic and lipophilic groups and are also recognized as excellent antimicrobial lipids. Furthermore, lauric acid and monolaurin can be used as antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral with broad-spectrum inhibition. Lauric acid and monolaurin have a strong ability to destroy gram-positive bacteria, especially S. aureus, fungi such as C. Albicans, and viruses including vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), and visna virus (VV). Lauric acid and monolaurin interact with certain functional groups located in the cell membrane and can cause damage to the cell. In general, the potential of VCO as healthy food is contributed by lauric acid and monolaurin which are antimicrobial agents.
11 citations
TL;DR: A review of the use of potassium hydroxide (KOH) to produce and modify activated carbon can be found in this article , where the methods employed for activation by considering the activation process, carbonization, temperature, activation time, and KOH ratio to material are described and how the surface area, surface morphology, and functional groups are affected by the kOH ratio.
Abstract: This review covers research on the use of potassium hydroxide (KOH) to produce and modify activated carbon. The methods employed for activation by considering the activation process, carbonization, temperature, activation time, and KOH ratio to material are described and how the surface area, surface morphology, and functional groups are affected by the KOH ratio. Characterization techniques and preparation conditions are summarized. The activated carbon pore structure mainly depends on the burn-off size and the time for activation is linked to the overall activation reaction rate. The increase in surface area and pore size depends on the ratio of KOH, showing that KOH affects the surface chemistry of the activated carbon. The sorbent-sorbate interactions are strongly influenced by different parameters, which were also calculated in this review and used to evaluate such interactions.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the Claus process is the leading H2S conversion technology for large scale applications, while scavengers are the most efficient and widely spread choice for small scale plants.
Abstract: The growing energy demand, together with the depletion of sweet gas reservoirs, impose the monetization of ultra-sour natural gas fields with a high H2S content. To date, in large scale facilities, H2S is removed from natural gas through amine washing and it is converted to sulphur in the Claus process. The Claus process is the leading H2S conversion technology for large scale applications. Regarding small scale plants, scavengers are the most efficient and widely spread choice. On the other hand, present middle scale options show quite high operating costs. Therefore, research efforts are devoted to developing new intermediate scale alternatives with lower costs and easier operability. When developing a new process, the study of the state-of-the-art is the first essential step. No systematic review of H2S valorisation technologies is available in literature. To fill this gap, the aim of this work is to summarize the available processes considering both commercial and novel tendencies for H2S conversion. For each technology, details about process operating conditions are discussed and the typical application is provided, when possible, together with the corresponding pros and cons.
6 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the authors reviewed the early stages of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in wastewater and compared the positive detection rate and efficiency throughout the detection process involving concentration, extraction, and amplification stages.
Abstract: Abstract Detection and quantification of viruses supplies key information on their spread and allows risk assessment for public health. In wastewater, existing detection methods have been focusing on non‐enveloped enteric viruses due to enveloped virus transmission, such as coronaviruses, by the fecal‐oral route being less likely. Since the beginning of the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic, interest and importance of enveloped virus detection in wastewater has increased. Here, quantitative studies on SARS‐CoV‐2 occurrence in feces and raw wastewater and other enveloped viruses via quantitative real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) during the early stage of the pandemic until April 2021 are reviewed, including statistical evaluation of the positive detection rate and efficiency throughout the detection process involving concentration, extraction, and amplification stages. Optimized and aligned sampling protocols and concentration methods for enveloped viruses, along with SARS‐CoV‐2 surrogates, in wastewater environments may improve low and variable recovery rates providing increased detection efficiency and comparable data on viral load measured across different studies.
4 citations
4 citations
TL;DR: The main works carried out on precipitation deposition with urea (DPU) are summarized in this article , where the main steps of the DPU, the preparation of monometallic catalysts by this variant, and the bimetallic catalyst obtained by co-deposition precipitation with Urea (CO-DPU), are described.
Abstract: The main works carried out on precipitation deposition with urea (DPU) are summarized. This method is widely applied and considered as excellent for the preparation of catalysts. It proved to be the optimum technique, e.g., in view of deposition yield, total reduced particle size, high particle distribution, and metal-support interaction. The influence of several parameters on the DPU process, such as the effect of temperature during deposition, maturation time, annealing manner of the final powder, metal and the urea concentrations and others, are discussed. The main steps of the DPU, the preparation of monometallic catalysts by this variant, and the bimetallic catalysts obtained by co-deposition precipitation with urea (CO-DPU) are described.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors report the availability, economic feasibility, and potential of biofuel feedstock in global scenario, and recommend some suggestions for sustainable biofuel production with the highest possible yield.
Abstract: The growing demand for energy resources and the increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has given biofuels a lot of attention. Liquid biofuels can be a significant alternative for the transport sector. Generally, biofuels are categorized into four generations based on the feedstock. This review reports the availability, economic feasibility, and potential of biofuel feedstock in global scenario. Feedstock for first-generation biofuel comprises edible resources impacting the food supply. Second generation biofuels are based on different residual materials and nonedible fuel crops. Cost and technological limitations for commercialization hinders this option. Microalgae are the feedstock for third generation biofuels providing the highest yield compared to the other two generations. A scale-up to commercial level is not possible as this requires further development. Genetically modified microorganisms are used as a feedstock for fourth generation biofuel production with the highest possible yield. Third and fourth generation biofuels have potential to replace fossil fuels. This review recommends certain suggestions for sustainable biofuel production.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors provide a systematic overview of current state of artificial intelligence and machine learning and their applications in textile, nuclear power plant, fertilizer, water treatment, and oil and gas industries.
Abstract: The field of machine learning has proven to be a powerful approach in smart manufacturing and processing in the chemical and process industries. This review provides a systematic overview of current state of artificial intelligence and machine learning and their applications in textile, nuclear power plant, fertilizer, water treatment, and oil and gas industries. Moreover, this study reveals the current dominant machine learning methods, pre and post processing of models, increased utilization of machine learning in terms of fault detection, prediction, optimization, quality control, and maintenance in these sectors. In addition, this review gives the insight into the actual benefits and impact of each method, and complications in their extensive deployment. Finally in the current impressive state, challenges, future development in terms of algorithm and infrastructure aspects are highlighted.
TL;DR: In this article , the significance of using date palm surface fiber as a biosorbent to remove pollutants from wastewater is evaluated, which has advantages over other natural adsorbing materials, for being inexpensive, renewable, eco-friendly, and available in large scale worldwide.
Abstract: The significance of using date palm surface fiber as a biosorbent to remove pollutants from wastewater is evaluated. This material, which has advantages over other natural adsorbing materials, for being inexpensive, renewable, eco-friendly, and available in large scale worldwide, has been widely used for the removal of several types of pollutants such as acid and basic dyes, heavy metals, pesticides, oils, and organic compounds. In addition to its use as an effective biosorbent to remove pollutants from wastewater, date palm surface fiber exhibits wide future perspectives in several other applications.
TL;DR: In this article , the technical challenges associated with organic chloride contamination in refining processes and plausible methods and techniques available for smooth refining operations are highlighted and a phase transfer catalyst (PTC)-based process for organic chloride removal at the upstream of the refining process is established up to lab-scale and with model compounds only.
Abstract: Crude oils contain chloride impurities, including some organic components termed as ‘organic chloride'. Owing to the high dissociation energy of the C-Cl bond, organic chlorides are very difficult to remove during the desalting process unlike inorganic chloride salts. Failure to properly remove organic chlorides could have a significant adverse effect on petroleum refinery equipment in terms of corrosion during crude oil processing. Therefore, stringent specification of organic chlorides is being maintained throughout the refining process to avoid corrosion-related incidents. Generally, a guard bed column is used for the removal of organic chlorides in the downstream of the refining process. Guard bed columns are comprised of metal oxide-based components that operate at a very high temperature. In contrast, a phase transfer catalyst (PTC)-based process for organic chloride removal at the upstream of the refining process is established up to lab-scale and with model compounds only. This review is aimed to highlight the technical challenges associated with organic chloride contamination in refining processes and plausible methods and techniques available for smooth refining operations.
TL;DR: In this paper , a review summarizes recent advances of VCO for biomedical applications and highlights of future challenges in utilizing the CJS technique to produce VCO-loaded polymeric nanofibers for biomedical application are elaborated.
Abstract: Virgin coconut oil (VCO) has become a multifunctional material for biomedical applications due to its remarkable health benefits. The use of VCO for biomedical applications has seen tremendous growth over recent years, triggering researchers to develop various approaches for VCO utilization. Nanofibers-based structure offers promising properties to encapsulate VCO, enhancing its performance and broadening its application in the medical field. Studies of VCO-loaded polymeric nanofibers for biomedical applications are currently gradually rising. Recently, in nanofibers technology, centrifugal jet spinning (CJS) offers cost-efficient and higher production rates to yield nanofibers compared to the other methods. This review summarizes recent advances of VCO for biomedical applications. Comprehensive suggestions for encapsulating VCO into nanofibers using the CJS technique are also provided. Highlights of future challenges in utilizing the CJS technique to produce VCO-loaded nanofibers for biomedical applications are also elaborated.
TL;DR: In this paper , the catalytic performance of lipase, an interfacially active enzyme, depends on the reaction medium, such as mixture of mixed micelles, which have advantages like improving lipase-substrate interaction, increasing water nucleophilicity, sometimes greater emulsion stability and reduced product inhibition.
Abstract: The catalytic performance of lipase, an interfacially active enzyme, depends on the reaction medium. Novel reaction media like mixed micelles affect lipase catalysis mostly by stabilizing the lipase structure and increasing the substrate solubilization. Nonionic surfactant addition in ionic micelles formed mixed micelles and increased lipase catalysis by lowering detrimental lipase-ionic surfactant hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. Nonionic/nonionic mixed micelles enhanced activity and enantiomeric selectivity of free lipase but reduced those for immobilized lipase. Nonconventional cationic/cationic, anionic/nonionic/ionic liquid, and substrate/nonionic mixed micelles also improved lipase catalysis. Lipase activity was high in bile salt/surfactant mixed micelles but was low in bile salt/phospholipid mixed micelle. Mixed micelles have advantages like improving lipase-substrate interaction, increasing water nucleophilicity, sometimes greater emulsion stability, and reduced product inhibition. In mixed micelles, increasing the lipase concentration can overcome the problem regarding inaccessibility of insoluble substrates.
TL;DR: An overview on the different methods for extracting pectin, resulting in variable extraction yields with a critical discussion on the obtained physicochemical characteristics, is presented in this article , where potential applications of the extracted Pectin for food and biomedical application are discussed, including thickener, stabilizer, excipient, drug-release modifier, macrophage activator, etc.
Abstract: Cocoa liquor, butter, and powder represent derived products from a small portion of the fruits, compared with the cocoa pod husk (CPH) which accounts for ∼ 70 % of fresh weight. CPH, improperly disposed in plantations, can cause diseases threatening worldwide chocolate production. However, this biomass can be a potential source of bioactive compounds aligned with the circular economy. An overview on the different methods for extracting pectin, resulting in variable extraction yields with a critical discussion on the obtained physicochemical characteristics, is presented. Additionally, the potential applications of the extracted pectin for food and biomedical application are discussed, including thickener, stabilizer, excipient, drug-release modifier, macrophage activator, etc. Despite these potential outputs, new extraction methods need to be considered for improving efficiency and sustainability. Finally, potential approaches are introduced that can help to minimize the environmental impact, making the extraction cost- and time-efficient, and, therefore, more ssustainable for a further successful translation to industry.
TL;DR: Graphene oxide (GO)-based membranes have been widely investigated for separation of dyes, salt ions, heavy metal ions, and biomolecules due to their high mechanical strength, single-layered structure, large surface area, and high affinity as discussed by the authors .
Abstract: Graphene oxide (GO)-based membranes have been widely investigated for separation of dyes, salt ions, heavy metal ions, and biomolecules due to their high mechanical strength, single-layered structure, large surface area, and high affinity. However, due to irregular pore structure, nanochannels, interlayer distance, easy functionalization, swelling effect, and chemical stability under aqueous environment limited their separation efficiency. In this review, different fabrication methods of GO membranes are summarized. The role of functionalization and cross-linking on membrane's structural properties, separation performance, and practical applications are discussed. Further, the GO-based membranes (GOMs) for separation and removal of heavy metal ions are discussed in detail. The factors which influence the separation performance are also highlighted. Finally, recommendations and future directions are suggested.
TL;DR: A critical review of foam-based catalysts in heterogeneous catalysis and performance comparison with conventional catalysts is provided in this paper , where the gaps in current research and recommendations to expand the use of foam based catalysts to a wider class of reactions are identified.
Abstract: Ceramic and metallic foams have been the subject of research for decades due to their unique and useful properties. The application of foam as a catalytic support is being explored especially for highly endo- or exothermic reactions due to better heat transfer. The most widely used catalyst preparation method by wash-coating for foam-based catalysts has several drawbacks. Novel preparation methods are reported in the literature. This article provides a critical review of applications of solid foam in heterogeneous catalysis and performance comparison with conventional catalysts, preparation techniques of foam-based catalysts and methods for performance modeling. The gaps in current research and recommendations to expand the use of foam-based catalysts to a wider class of reactions by applying innovative methods outlined in the literature are identified. Perspectives on expanding the modeling with solid foam-based catalysts are also presented.
TL;DR: In this article , the progress and breakthroughs on nanocomposite membranes in remediating potable waters are reported, highlighting novel composite formulations and emphasizing recent advances and outcomes in the field.
Abstract: Water treatment is one of the main approaches for producing drinking water from contaminated water sources which is challenging due to the presence of a variety of substances requiring removal. The fabrication of nanocomposite membranes relies either on filling nanomaterials into polymeric phases before membrane fabrication, or coating of nanomaterials on the fabricated membrane surface. The removal of organic compounds from potable waters requires processes such as microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis. Since most nanomaterials display interesting organic compound uptakes from aqueous systems, nanocomposite membranes have been tested in the removal of various substances from potable waters. Currently, many membrane processes necessitate more advanced and well-designed selective barriers that may guarantee both permeation and separation efficiency. The progresses and breakthroughs on nanocomposite membranes in remediating potable waters are reported, highlighting novel composite formulations and emphasizing recent advances and outcomes in the field.
TL;DR: The aqueous two-phase system (ATPSS) is commonly known as a technique that yields high-purity products in a single step as discussed by the authors , which is particularly advantageous for purifying biomolecules like proteins, nucleic acids, enzymes, viruses etc.
Abstract: The aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) is commonly known as a technique that yields high-purity products in a single step. It is particularly advantageous for purifying biomolecules like proteins, nucleic acids, enzymes, viruses etc. Currently, aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE), i.e., liquid-liquid extraction, involves the transfer of the solute from one aqueous phase to another. In ATPE, for recovery of biomolecules, polymer-polymer and polymer-salt type systems are used. The most recent developments with respect to recovery of biomolecules by ATPS are reviewed and discussed, covering the mechanism, which controls the phase formation, the conditions of solute partitioning in ATPS processes, and factors influencing the ATPS including concentration and molecular weight (MW) of polymers, types of salt, pH, and temperature. In addition, also the increasing applications of ATPS for the recovery of high-value bioproducts, the benefits of the ATPS recovery system, and the recent developments of alternative low-cost ATPS are highlighted.
TL;DR: In this article , a review of the current production of dairy waste globally and the potential of the waste and other types of organic waste as feedstock for biodiesel production is presented.
Abstract: The increasing demand of the world energy consumption has made it necessary to shift energy technologies toward renewable energy sources. The sustainability of feedstock can be maintained when utilizing feedstock from waste sources, such as dairy waste, food waste, and others. Dairy waste is one of the cheapest sources available. The compositions of dairy waste scum, including free fatty acids (8–10 %), triglycerides (more than 80 % in dry bases), and fats around 60 %, which have the potential to be used as the feedstock for biodiesel production in the presence of certain catalysts. To ensure more sustainability, the catalyst should be derived from waste (e.g., eggshells and cow bones) that consists of calcium oxide, which can then be used to catalyze the transesterification of dairy waste. This review emphasizes the current production of dairy waste globally and the potential of the waste and other types of organic waste as feedstock for biodiesel production, as well as determines the optimum reaction conditions for high-quality biodiesel production.
TL;DR: In this paper , the fabrication of nanomaterials using waste material as feedstock is elaborated, and various techniques available for nanommaterial synthesis, their application, and potential challenges of waste-derived engineered nanOMaterials are described.
Abstract: Waste materials are byproducts of modern technology-driven lifestyle of mankind. They are impossible to be eliminated entirely, and often recycling of these materials into more useful products is the best way to handle them. In the last two decades, engineered nanomaterials have found application in various fields of research due to their small size and unique physical, chemical, electrical, and magnetic properties. They have potential to be used in various fields of science and technology from bench scale to industrial scale. In this review, the fabrication of nanomaterials using waste material as feedstock is elaborated. Various techniques available for nanomaterial synthesis, their application, and potential challenges of waste-derived engineered nanomaterials are described. This field of research is highly relevant nowadays as this could prove to be a versatile and practical solution of waste management problems.
TL;DR: In this article , a comparison of membrane fabrication using different methods can provide a comprehensive overview on the potential of the rapid prototyping technology in membrane fabrication for CO2 separation, which can achieve precise control of the thickness of membranes and freely design the spatial structure of membranes, providing a new development direction for material application and process combination.
Abstract: Membrane fabrication methods, mechanisms, and modification of membranes for CO2 separation are discussed. Various types of membrane materials with high CO2 separation performance are summarized. Rapid prototyping can achieve precise control of the thickness of membranes and freely design the spatial structure of membranes, which provides a new development direction for material application and process combination. Hence, a critical comparison of membrane fabrication using different methods can provide a comprehensive overview on the potential of the rapid prototyping technology in membrane fabrication. This is important to demonstrate the prospects of the membrane technology development for CO2 separation.
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TL;DR: In this paper , the authors propose a method to solve the problem of "no abstractions" and "no Abstractions" in the form of abstractions.No Abstracts.
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TL;DR: Stiefelmaier et al. as mentioned in this paper presented a multi-faceted combination of structures and organisms to highlight the possibilities of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and micro computed tomography (µCT).
Abstract: ChemBioEng ReviewsVolume 9, Issue 2 p. 125-125 Cover PictureFree Access Cover Picture: ChemBioEng Reviews 2/2022 First published: 11 April 2022 https://doi.org/10.1002/cben.202270201AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Graphical Abstract Methods such as confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and micro computed tomography (µCT) allow us to get deeper insights into growth forms of various organisms and interactions with different materials – or, in summary, structures of life itself. The cover picture of this volume presents a multi-faceted combination of structures and organisms to highlight the possibilities of CLSM and µCT. Upper left: growth of the cyanobacterium Desmonostoc muscorum on loofah (CLSM recording of autofluorescence of chlorophyll a (red) and lignin (green)); upper right: brewers' spent grain (µCT recording); lower left: callus cells of Ocimum sanctum Rama (CLSM recording of cells stained with calcofluor white, fluorescein diacetate and propidium iodide); lower right: growth of the cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. on a carrier (Type HXF14KLL, Hel-X; Stöhr GmbH & Co.KG, Markrodach, Germany; µCT recording). These images not only show the beauty of life on a microscopic scale, they also allow the analysis of interactions between agglomerating cells and cells adhering to surfaces. Information about the structure of materials such as loofah, brewers' spent grain or the carrier provide indication of their suitability for specific applications. In summary, a small insight into the possibilities of the presented methods is given here, which outlines a large field of applications. Copyright: Judith Stiefelmaier and Susanne Schaefer, Dorina Strieth, Jens Weiermüller, Jakob Walther, Jonas Chodorski, Ulrich Bröckel, Roland Ulber Volume9, Issue2April 2022Pages 125-125 RelatedInformation