Showing papers in "Chemical Engineering in 2002"

Updating the CE Plant Cost Index

Abstract: Since its introduction in 1963, the Chemical Engineering (CE) Plant Cost Index has been published in every issues of CE, to help CPI (chemical process industry) professionals adjust process-plant construction costs from one period to another. In this article, some revisions to the underlying methodology are introduced, to make this index more representative of modern-day engineering practices.

Properly size pressure-relief valves for two-phase flow: A number of factors must be kept in mind when using different models

Abstract: This paper describes several of the most common methods in use for sizing relief valves for two-phase flow, and discusses the factors that must be considered when applying each method. The models are compared for the case of ethylene under conditions in the general vicinity of its thermodynamical critical point. A sample calculation is given for the recommended direct-integration method under non-equilibrium conditions (the HNDI model).

Hybrid separation schemes

Abstract: This two-part report reviews the benefits of systems that combine several convential separation techniques, such as distillation, electrodialysis and membrane- and solvent-based systems, for improved results. Part 1 (p. 46-50) profiles a hybrid strategy for removing CO 2 from natural gas, while Part 2 (p. 51-53) discusses a hybrid separation scheme for producing organic acids.

Maximizing simulation's reach

Abstract: The virtual-plant environments that can be created via mathematical modeling and simulation are useful not only for process design and process-related profitability improvement. This article discusses how engineers and managers can also capitalize upon simulations for diverse other applications that are not commonly recognized.

Blend two proven training methods to improve results

Abstract: Combine classroom teaching with newer e-learning tools to maintain technical proficiency and meet both regulatory requirements and business objectives.

Distillation tower flooding - more complex than you think: While other predictive methods tell too little, too late, gammas scans indicate where and why flooding occurs - invaluable insight for troubleshooters normal sieve tray

Abstract: This article discusses the use of gamma-scan technology for both packed and trayed towers, to detremine the location and extend of flooding in operating distillation columns.

Safety instrumentation systems: How much is enough?

Abstract: The broad acceptance of the IEC 61508 standard is helping safety-equipment suppliers and users answer this question with confidence.

Safe handling of potent compounds

Abstract: While Part 1 of this article (April, pp. 62-68) offered recommendations for the safe handling of materials that are potentially toxic, carcinogenic, teratogenir or mutagenic, this article discusses the specialized equipment that are avialable to protect employees and minimize the loss of valuable yet dangereous raw materials and finished products.

Odor prevention and control in process plants

Abstract: This article offers guidance for comparing such treatment chemicals as lime, caustic, chlorine, potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide, ozone and various proprietary compounds, and presents several case-history examples.

The digitized plant

Abstract: For many CPI (chemical process industries) facilities, despite previous information technology (IT) investments, there is still a fundamental disconnect between what can be done enterprise-wide to maximize profitability, and what actually is. This article presents guidance to implement greater interconnectivity between the company's business and plant operations, and reap the financial rewards.