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Showing papers in "Chemical Engineering Science in 1954"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the partial pressures of the reacting substances appeared to influence the reaction rate, and a formula depicting this influence was derived, which may be interpreted by assuming two successive reactions, namely the reaction between the aromatic and the oxygen on the surface, and the re-oxidation of the partly reduced surface by means of oxygen.

1,613 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the dynamic equilibrium of a suspension of uniform spherical particles settling in a fluid has been considered, and an expression for the drag force on a constituent particle has been obtained in the form of a correction factor to be used in conjunction with Stokes' Law, and compared with the correction factor obtained from experimental measurement.

558 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a new type of transfer cell has been designed and used for the determination of the individual mass transfer coefficients, by the Colburn-Welsh technique, for eight partially miscible binary systems, in six of which one of the phases was water.

186 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, transfer coefficients were determined for a number of organic ternary systems and the results compared with the values predicted assuming zero interfacial resistance and using individual transfer coefficients calculated from the correlation derived in the preceding paper.

117 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a study of the rate of mass transfer across a liquid boundary between a discontinuous and a continuous phase, using a binary mixture and a droplet system has been made.

91 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The movement inside rising bubbles has been investigated by visual and indirect means as discussed by the authors, and the discrepancies between the data in the literature have been considered in terms of four variables : temperature, rate of formation, wall effect and contamination from surface active agents.

89 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, Bolland and his co-workers proposed a free radical chain mechanism for liquid phase oxidation, which is applicable to other oxidations in which the hydroperoxide is not the main product.

42 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the rotor speed, total throughput and solvent to feed ratio of a rotating disc contactor (R.D.C) were investigated for various values of the rotor speeds, including total throughput, solvent consumption, and fractional volume of the dispersed phase.

36 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the distribution of residence times of the gas flowing through a fluidised catalyst regenerator has been determined by using helium as a tracer, and it appears that the flow through the fluidised bed itself is much closer to piston-flow than to complete mixing, the hold-back being less than 1.

34 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a pelleted, coprecipitated, gel-type catalyst similar to that used in many commercial catalytic reforming units was studied in a differential reactor, where the molybdenum oxide promoter was at a higher level of activity when the oxide was in a reduced state, the improvement being directly proportional to the degree of molar reduction of the oxide.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an experimental absorption system designed to simplify the investigation of processes in which the absorption rate is limited by liquor reaction is described, and data from an investigation into the mechanism of absorption of carbon dioxide into partially carbonated ammonia liquor is used to illustrate the operation of this absorption system and is then employed for determining the kinetic constant for the reaction controlling the absorption ratio in this process.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a mechanism of heat transfer from a tube wall to fluid flowing in a packed bed is proposed whereby a mass of fluid is thrown against the wall and the fluid at the wall assumes the wall temperature and transfer occurs inward ; this mass is replaced by new fluid.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that a great reaction-enthalpy has to be brought in to preserve the acetylene formed from decomposition into carbon and hydrogen in order to quench the reaction formed fast enough.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, simultaneous heat and mass transfer data were obtained from the operation of an adiabatic wetted-wall column with countercurrent flow of air and water in the gas film.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the main factors which require consideration in relation to plant throughput and efficiency are tabulated and discussed, and the methods of isolating adipic acid from the product, the separation of by-products and the recovery and re-use of nitric acid, the consumption of which is important to the economics of the process, are outlined.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors give binary equilibrium data for the miscible systems benzene-acetic acid, ethyl acetate, acetic acid-water, and water.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The modified Ostwald viscometer was designed and used in this article to obtain the viscosity data used in the correlation of heat transfer coefficients of pseudo-plastic fluids.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The influence of liquid concentration and reflux ratio on plate efficiency has been studied for the system n-heptane-methylcyclohexane using a sieve plate column with 8 trays.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The concept of additivity of individual resistances to mass transfer between phases is confirmed by experimental measurements of transfer coefficients for vaporization of water into air, and the absorption from air of carbon dioxide, ammonia, and acetone by water.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a method appropriate for the evaluation of equidistant discontinuous measurements has been developed, using V ettin's discontinuous orthogonal polynomials.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that the diffusion of oxygen in the hydrocarbon can influence the rate of reaction and the apparent activation energy of the non-catalytic oxidation of cumene.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The main stages are: oxidation, refining of the oxidation mixture into raw fatty acids, and distillative decomposition of the latter into fatty acid fractions as discussed by the authors, which is the most important stage.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a new approximation method is given for obtaining the mean value of the heat flux, (Uδt), which is based on the assumption that a plot of heat flux point values throughout the cooler-condenser, against the heat transferred per unit time, q, is a parabola.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that classification is due to varying density and not due to variation in the free falling velocity of the particles and the turbulence of the fluid, and it is then possible to explain why there is no classification in a concentrated bed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors established a relation between the diffusivity through the residual porous material and the combustion rate of coal shale and other materials containing combustible carbon disseminated in the non-combustible matter.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The use of liquid oxygen is particularly convenient when the demand is highly irregular and intermittent, as, for instance, in steel-works practice, but there is an increasing demand for oxygen in chemical and metallurgical processes which operate continuously and steadily, and which require oxygen of only moderate purity as discussed by the authors.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of liquor rates on the overall mass transfer coefficients and heights of overall transfer units has been studied for the continuous, countercurrent extraction of an aqueous solution of pure uranyl nitrate.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the extent to which oxygen has replaced iron ore and air in post war iron and steelmaking has been reviewed and the main advantages of oxygen summarized, and it is concluded that more extensive use will be made of oxygen in the future.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The gas flow characteristics of the disc column designed by S tephens and M orris [4] are studied by means of pressure drop determinations across the column, with and without liquid flowing over the discs, and across the empty column, which enable a correlation of data for pressure drop across a single disc to be made.