Showing papers in "Chemico-Biological Interactions in 2014"

TL;DR: ROS homeostasis is described, principles of their investigation and technical approaches to investigate ROS-related processes are described, and a classification of oxidative stress based on its intensity is proposed.

TL;DR: The involvement of CaMK-II in the effects of Cd(2+) on cell morphology, and particularly the actin cytoskeleton, is profound, favouring actin depolymerization, disrupting focal adhesions, and directing phosphorylated FAK into a cellular membrane.

TL;DR: Nrf2 activation by PCB29-pQ in HepG2 cells is associated with ROS and AKT pathway but not MAPK signaling, the activation of Nrf2/ARE may be an adaptive response to oxidative stress.

TL;DR: NaB treatment improved the beta-cell proliferation, function and glucose homeostasis as well as reduced beta- cell apoptosis in juvenile diabetic rat by the modulation of p38/ERK MAPK and apoptotic pathway.

TL;DR: UPLC technique, different mass spectrometry technique, lipid extraction and data analysis in lipidomics are reviewed, and examples on the use of UPLC-MS for finding lipid biomarkers in disease, drug, food, nutrition and plant fields are provided.

TL;DR: UPLC-MS(E) application in proteomics and metabolomics was highlighted to assess protein and metabolite changes in different diseases, including cancer, neuropsychiatric pharmacology studies from clinical trials and animal models.

TL;DR: The results suggest that ellagic acid exhibited renal protective effect in diabetic rats partly through antihyperglycemia which was accompanied by attenuation of inflammatory processes via inhibition of NF-κB pathway.

TL;DR: Results suggest that angiogenesis was improved via naringin-mediated inhibition of hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, down- regulation of inflammatory mediator expression and up-regulation of growth factor expression, leading to improved wound healing of DFU.

TL;DR: The data represents a paradigm shift in understanding about the therapeutic potential of SeNPs in preventing DN by not only quenching oxidative stress but also by activating cyto-protective protein HSP70 and longevity protein SIRT1.

TL;DR: It is suggested that naringenin exerts significant inhibition of intestinal α-glucosidase activity in vivo thereby delaying the absorption of carbohydrates in T2D rats, thus resulting in significant lowering of postprandial blood glucose levels.

TL;DR: Doxorubicin-induced renal damage involved a redox imbalance in renal tissue, which could be reversed by TQ, suggesting a possible potential role for TQ in DOX-induced nephrotoxicity.

TL;DR: Findings suggest that the gastroprotective activity of CHE might contribute in adjusting the inflammatory cytokine by regulating the NF-κB signalling pathway in mice exposed to ethanol induced ulceration.

TL;DR: This review focuses on studies that have analyzed the effect of low oxygen environments and hypoxia-mimetic agents on AhR signaling and conversely, theeffect of AhR ligands, with a special emphasis on PCBs, on HIF-1α signaling.

TL;DR: The data indicate that genistein may attenuate the initiation of intracellular signaling cascades by LPS through inhibiting NF-κB activation by inhibiting the binding of LPS to TLR-4 on microglial cells.

TL;DR: It is found that Con A treatment suppresses the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and up regulates the MEK/ERK pathway leading to the activation of autophagy, which will further help to understand the mechanism behind the autophagic pathway induced by Con A and simultaneously it will strengthen its effective use as a prospective cancer chemo-therapeutic.

TL;DR: The results indicate that the oral administration of β-myrcene at a dose of 7.50mg/kg has important anti-ulcer activity with significantly decreased gastric and duodenal lesions as well as increased gastric mucus production and demonstrate that an increase in the levels of Gastric mucosa defence factors is involved in the anti-ULcer activity ofβ- myrcene.

TL;DR: This work studied the signaling network for the peroxisome proliferator-associated receptor alpha (PPARα) in primary human hepatocytes using the selective PPARα ligand, GW7647 and developed two novel bioinformatics methods to visualize the dose-dependent activation of both the transcription factor circuitry for PPAR α and the downstream metabolic network in relation to functional annotation categories.

TL;DR: Chloroquine enhanced sunitinib cytotoxicity in a synergistic manner via inducing apoptosis while switching off autophagic and angiogenic machineries, and further studies are required to elucidate the efficacy and safety profile of such combination.

TL;DR: Combination therapy of paclitaxel with natural anti-tumor agents that are considerably less toxic and possess the capability of activating additional apoptotic signals may provide a rational molecular basis for novel chemotherapeutic strategies.

TL;DR: Novel insights are provided into the beneficial effects of celastrol as a promising candidate for the treatment of ulcerative colitis in humans and the mechanisms behind these beneficial effects were elucidated.

TL;DR: The results demonstrated that both G1-phase arrest and autophagy were induced by UA in U87MG cells, and revealed a novel cellular mechanism triggered by UA, providing a molecular basis for developing UA into a drug candidate.

TL;DR: It is concluded that antifibrotic effect of resveratrol is due to restrained oxidative damage and down-regulation of α-SMA, which inhibits HSC activation to obstruct liver fibrosis.

TL;DR: The potential role of apocynin in inhibiting cisplatin-induced hemodynamic changes, postmitochondrial and mitochondrial damage as indicated by improvement in the state of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis is highlighted.

TL;DR: GA has a potent protective effect against the NPs induced hepatotoxicity and might be clinically useful, indicating that GA effectively protects against NTiO2-induced hepatot toxicity.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated for the first time that hispidin was able to inhibit AA-induced oxidative stress, which might have implication for the dietary preventive application.

TL;DR: S.montana extract protects the rat testis against cyclophosphamide-induced damage via anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic mechanisms that seem to be mediated, at least in part, by PPAR-γ and Akt1 up-regulation.

TL;DR: Findings suggest that PA exhibited significant gastroprotective effects against gastric ulceration, which might involve the stimulation of COX-mediated PGE2, improvement of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory status, preservation of GBF and NP-SH, as well as boost of gastric mucus production.

TL;DR: The present study shows the protective effect of GA on the fibrotic response and cardiac remodeling process induced by advanced glycation end products from external sources.

TL;DR: It is concluded that piperine can be well considered as an effective bioactive molecule to suppress of body weight, improve insulin and leptin sensitivity, ultimately leading to regulate obesity.

TL;DR: It is hypothesized that DEX exposure induces oxidative stress which leads to decreased Cbfa1 mRNA expression, and predicted that the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) mitigates the damaging effects of DEX.