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Showing papers in "ChemInform in 1989"


MonographDOI
TL;DR: Examines current research into botanical insecticides and includes highly technical processes such as the application of electrophysiological recordings to investigate the mode of action of antifeedants.
Abstract: Examines current research into botanical insecticides. Learn more on the isolation, synthesis, structures and biological activity of a wide range of natural plant products. See how insecticidal compounds taken from ordinary garden plants, exotic tropical species and other sources produce the desired effects. Includes highly technical processes such as the application of electrophysiological recordings to investigate the mode of action of antifeedants. Learn more about exploiting natural plant compounds through transgenic strategies. The structures shown can be used as leads for the synthesis of new insecticides that mimic the natural action of insect-resistant plants.

498 citations




Journal ArticleDOI

202 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, 3.3-(Acylamino)-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepines, antagonists of the peptide hormone cholecystokinin (CCK), are described.
Abstract: 3-(Acylamino)-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepines, antagonists of the peptide hormone cholecystokinin (CCK), are described. Developed by reasoned modification of the known anxiolytic benzodiazepines, these compounds provide highly potent, orally effective ligands selective for peripheral (CCK-A) receptors, with binding affinities approaching or equaling that of the natural ligand CCK-8. The distinction between CCK-A receptors on the one hand and CNS (CCK-B), gastrin, and central benzodiazepine receptors on the other is demonstrated by using the structure-activity profiles of the new compounds. Details of the binding of these agents to CCK-A receptors are examined, and the method of development of these compounds is discussed in terms of its relevance to the general problem of drug discovery.

178 citations


MonographDOI
TL;DR: New Trends and Developments in Flavor Chemistry: An Overview New Aspects of the Biosynthesis of Chiral Flavor and Aroma Compounds in Plants and Microorganisms Aroma Development in Ripening Fruits Non-Volatile Conjugates of Secondary Metabolites as Precursors of Varietal Grape Flavor Components Identification, Formation, and Flavor Impact Effect Effect of Sotolon: A Unique and Strongly Sweet Arom Compound Role of Oxidative Processes in the Formation and Stability of Fish Flavors Factors Affecting the Kinetics of the Formation of Alky
Abstract: New Trends and Developments in Flavor Chemistry: An Overview New Aspects of the Biosynthesis of Chiral Flavor and Aroma Compounds in Plants and Microorganisms Aroma Development in Ripening Fruits Non-Volatile Conjugates of Secondary Metabolites as Precursors of Varietal Grape Flavor Components Identification, Formation, and Flavor Impact Effect of Sotolon: A Unique and Strongly Sweet Aroma Compound Role of Oxidative Processes in the Formation and Stability of Fish Flavors Factors Affecting the Kinetics of the Formation of Alkylpyrazines.I. Effect of Type of Amino Acid and Type of Sugar Formation and Aroma Characteristics of Heterocyclic Compounds in Foods Natural Flavors by Biotechnological Processing Neurophysiology and Stimulus Chemistry of Mammalian Taste Systems Temporal Aspects of Flavoring Enantioselectivity in Odor Perception Role of Free Amino Acids and Peptides in Food Taste New Dimensions in Flavor Research: Herbs and Spices Flavor of Cooked Meats New Trends in Black Truffle Aroma Analysis Fresh Tomato Volatiles: Composition and Sensory Studies Volatile Constituents of Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) New Trends and Developments in Flavor Chemistry: An Overview New Aspects of the Biosynthesis of Chiral Flavor and Aroma Compounds in Plants and Microorganisms Aroma Development in Ripening Fruits Non-Volatile Conjugates of Secondary Metabolites as Precursors of Varietal Grape Flavor Components Identification, Formation, and Flavor Impact Effect of Sotolon: A Unique and Strongly Sweet Aroma Compound Role of Oxidative Processes in the Formation and Stability of Fish Flavors Factors Affecting the Kinetics of the Formation of Alkylpyrazines.I. Effect of Type of Amino Acid and Type of Sugar Formation and Aroma Characteristics of Heterocyclic Compounds in Foods Natural Flavors by Biotechnological Processing Neurophysiology and Stimulus Chemistry of Mammalian Taste Systems Temporal Aspects of Flavoring Enantioselectivity in Odor Perception Role of Free Amino Acids and Peptides in Food Taste New Dimensions in Flavor Research: Herbs and Spices Flavor of Cooked Meats New Trends in Black Truffle Aroma Analysis Fresh Tomato Volatiles: Composition and Sensory Studies Volatile Constituents of Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.)

176 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Novel gold catalysts are prepared by coprecipitation from aqueous HAuCl4 solutions containing nitrates of various transition metals (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Novel gold catalysts are prepared by coprecipitation from aqueous HAuCl4 solutions containing nitrates of various transition metals (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu).

157 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Antimetabolites of purine metabolism have found a use as anti-leukaemic, antiprotozoal and antiviral drugs, in immunosuppression and transplantation, and in gout and hyperuricemia as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Antimetabolites of purine metabolism have found a use as anti-leukaemic, antiprotozoal and antiviral drugs, in immunosuppression and transplantation, and in gout and hyperuricemia. Their mechanisms of action are reviewed.

118 citations


MonographDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an overview of the history of electrochemistry in the U.S. can be found, focusing on the development of charge transfer processes in the early years of the 20th century.
Abstract: Electrochemistry in Retrospect: An Overview Wollaston's Microtechniques for the Electrolysis of Water and Electrochemical Incandescence: A Pioneer in Miniaturization Michael Faraday's First Law of Electrochemistry: How Context Develops New Knowledge The Universal Agent of Power: James Prescott Joule, Electricity, and the Equivalent of Heat The Contribution of Electrochemistry to the Development of Chemical Kinetics A Reappraisal of Arrenhius' Theory of Partial Dissociation of Electrolytes Historical Highlights in Transference Number Research Genesis of the Nernst Equation The Choice of the Hydrogen Electrode as the Base for the Electromotive Series Pursuit of the Elusive Single Ion Activity Historical Development of the Understanding of Charge-Transfer Processes in Electrochemistry William Lash Miller History of Organic Electrosynthesis Anodic Electroorganic Chemistry and Natural Products Oxygen Electrode: History, Design, and Applications Bioelectrochemistry-Before and After Development of Electrochemical Instrumentation Development of the pH Meter Development of the Glass Electrode pH Glass Electrode and Its Mechanism Ion-Sensitive Electrodes: From Glasses to Crystals and Crowns Modification of Solid Electrodes in Electroanalytical Chemistry, 1978-1988 With the Drop of Mercury to the Nobel Prize Past and Future of the Dropping Electrode Development of Pulse Polarography and Voltammetry Fortuitous Experiments: Discoveries of Underpotential and of Quantitive Anodic Stripping Voltammetry Coulometric Titrimetry History of Electroanalytical Chemistry in Molten Salts Electrodeless Conductivity Spectroelectrochemistry Using Transparent Electrodes: An Anecdotal History of the Early Years Borrowing From Industry: Edgar Fahs Smith's Rotating Anode and Double Cup Mercury Cathode Henry J.S. Sand (1873-1944), A Well-Remembered Tutor Industrial Electrochemistry Industrial Diaphragrams and Membranes Gibbs, LeSeur, and Willson: Pioneers of Industrial Electrochemistry History of Electrochemistry in Mexico The Search for Portable Electricity: History of the High Energy Density Batteries Evolution of Electrochemical Reactor Systems for Metal Recovery and Pollution Control Electrochemical Machining: Development and Application

96 citations



Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the crystal structure of the mineral spinel, MgAl2O4, was determined by Bragg,1 and Nishikawa2 in 1915, and many metal oxides and mixed-metal oxides have been found to possess the same structure, referred to as spinel compounds or spinels.
Abstract: Since the determination of the crystal structure of the mineral spinel, MgAl2O4, by Bragg,1 and Nishikawa2 in 1915, many metal oxides and mixed metal oxides have been found to possess the same structure,3 and these are usually referred to as spinel compounds or spinels. Such materials, and in particular those containing iron, exhibit suitable combined electrical and magnetic properties and therefore soon became extremely important for many technological applications, such as high-frequency devices, memory cores, and magnetic recording. The rapid expansion of these technologies after World War II was a great stimulus for many researchers to focus their efforts on this kind of ferrite materials. Consequently, the fifties and the early sixties were characterized by intensive investigations of spinel systems with a large variety of compositions. Examples in this respect are the works of Gorter,4,5 followed by that of Blasse,6 reporting structural and magnetic properties of hundreds of new synthetic spinel compounds. The ability of the spinel structure to contain different kinds of cations, which can, moreover, gradually be substituted, made these materials also very suitable for experiments on certain magnetic and structural concepts, new at that time, such as Neel’s ferrimagnetism, ligand field stabilization, and the cooperative Jahn-Teller effect.



Book ChapterDOI
Derek Marsh1
TL;DR: In this article, the rotational motion and orientational molecular order of spin-labeled molecules were determined from the dynamic and static effects of the hyperfine and g-value anisotropies of the free radical.
Abstract: This chapter is concerned with the use of nitroxide ESR spectra to study the dynamics of spin-labeled molecules. The rotational motion and orientational molecular order can be determined from the dynamic and static effects of the hyperfine and g-value anisotropies, respectively, of the free radical. The translational motion and molecular collisions can be determined from the spin-spin interactions which occur between radicals when the spin-label concentration is increased.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the vitesse de photodegradation du trichloroethylene and du tetrachloro methylene en suspension dans le dioxyde de titane par les radicaux HO•
Abstract: Etude de la vitesse de photodegradation du trichloroethylene et du tetrachloroethylene en suspension dans le dioxyde de titane par les radicaux HO•





Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the structural trends of monomeric alkoxysilanes and organylalkoxysinanes utilized in sol-gel processing and observed structural trends on the basis of the pH and [H2O] dependence of the hydrolysis, condensation, and dissolution reactions.
Abstract: The hydrolysis and condensation reactions of monomeric alkoxysilanes and organylalkoxysilanes utilized in sol-gel processing are reviewed. Both reactions occur by acid or base-catalyzed bimolecular displacement reactions. The acid-catalyzed mechanisms are preceded by protonation of OH or OR substituents attached to Si, whereas under basic conditions hydroxyl or silanolate anions attack Si directly. Many of the observed structural trends are understood on the basis of the pH and [H2O] dependence of the hydrolysis, condensation, and dissolution reactions.




Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a method for producing molecular identification numbers for hydrogen-depleted organic structures from the eigenvalues of a connectivity matrix is presented, and the method can also be used to identify which atoms belong to each of the substructures of a disconnected main structure.
Abstract: A method for producing molecular identification numbers for hydrogen-depleted organic structures from the eigenvalues of a connectivity matrix is presented. Over 20000 structures have been successfully tested, and the method can also be used produce a unique numbering for the atoms in a structure and to identify which atoms belong to each of the substructures of a disconnected main structure



Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: The structure complexity of condensed tannins (polymeric proanthocyanidins) is centered principally on variations in hydroxylation patterns of the flavan chain extender units, the stereochemistry at the three chiral centers of the heterocyclic ring, the location and type of interflavanoid bond, and the structure of the terminal unit as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Structural complexity in the condensed tannins (polymeric proanthocyanidins) is centered principally on variations in hydroxylation patterns of the flavan chain extender units, the stereochemistry at the three chiral centers of the heterocyclic ring, the location and type of interflavanoid bond, and the structure of the terminal unit. Superimposed on these basic structural features are derivatizations such as O-methylation, C- and O-glycosylation, and O-galloylation. Because of the strong nucleophilicity of the resorcinolic or phloroglucinolic A-rings, some unusual conjugates linked through the C-6 or C-8 positions have also been found. A further level of structural diversity results from facile rearrangements of these compounds. Although great progress has been made in elucidation of the structure of oligomeric proanthocyanidins, our knowledge of the structure of higher polymers rests primarily on interpretations of their 13C-NMR spectra.