Showing papers in "Chemistry & Biology in 2002"

TL;DR: This finding, along with related observations, supports the hypothesis that metabolic monitoring through RNA-metabolite interactions is a widespread mechanism of genetic control.

TL;DR: It is shown that an OTU domain-containing protein, with no sequence homology to any known DUBs, was isolated and reacts with the C terminus of Ub, thus demonstrating DUB-like enzymatic activity for this novel superfamily of proteases.

TL;DR: A chemical strategy for preparing carbohydrate arrays and utilizing these arrays for the characterization of carbohydrate-protein interactions is reported and will permit the preparation and evaluation of carbohydrate arrays that present diverse and complex structures.

TL;DR: The catalytic cycle of peroxidases and the mechanism of the suicide inactivation process are discussed to establish a broad knowledge base for future rational protein engineering.

TL;DR: 10Fn3-based scaffold libraries and mRNA-display allow the isolation of high-affinity, specific antigen binding proteins; potential applications of such binding proteins include diagnostic protein microarrays and protein therapeutics.

TL;DR: The history of some of the most widely used cytoskeletal poisons and their influence on understanding of cytOSkeletal functions are reviewed and several new inhibitors are highlighted.

TL;DR: This review details the history, structure, and genetic aspects of the biosynthesis of these methyl-branched components of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, good examples of which are the phthiocerols and the mycocerosic and mycolipenic acids.

TL;DR: (S)-monastrol, as compared to the (R)-enantiomer, is a more potent inhibitor of Eg5 activity in vitro and in vivo, and should help in designing more potent Eg5 inhibitors for possible use as anticancer drugs and cell biological reagents.

TL;DR: Feeding analogs of these precursors to the mutant resulted in the directed biosynthesis of novel lipopeptides with modified arylglycine residues, which were shown to produce several previously uncharacterized peptides with C-terminal Z-dehydrotryptophan residues.

TL;DR: Cowpea mosaic virus was found to possess a lysine residue with enhanced reactivity in each asymmetric unit, and thus 60 such lysines per virus particle, and the identity of this residue was established by a combination of acylation, protein digestion, and mass spectrometry.

TL;DR: This research has led to a molecular picture of how some metallochaperones bind metal ions, recognize their partner proteins, and accomplish metal ion transfer.

TL;DR: The comparison between this structure and the one previously solved in the presence of paromomycin confirms the importance of the functional groups on the common neamine part of these two antibiotics for binding to RNA.

TL;DR: The cloned genes should help to elucidate the molecular basis for indolocarbazole biosynthesis and set the stage for the generation of novel indolo-rebeccamycin analogues by genetic engineering.

TL;DR: This review covers the current understanding of the nature of biofilms and the impact that molecular interactions may have on biofilm development and phenotype using the motile gram-negative rod Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the nonmotiles gram-positive cocci Staphylococcus aureus as examples.

TL;DR: Control aggregation by virtue of biotin-avidin interactions was demonstrated, as was the independent derivatization of reactive lysine and cysteine positions, which should open new doors to applications in biochemistry, materials science, and catalysis.

TL;DR: It is found that the E. coli translational machinery tolerates codons of 3-5 bases and that tRNAs with 6-10 nt anticodon loops can suppress these codons, however, N-length codons were found to prefer N + 4-length anticodon Loop, and sequence preferences, including the requirement of Watson-Crick complementarity, were evident in the loops.

TL;DR: The overall structure and the intimate details of the catalytic machinery reveal a striking similarity to glycogen phosphorylase, indicating a strong evolutionary link and suggesting a common catalytic mechanism.

TL;DR: Metal ion interactions may play key roles in the control of DNA conformation and topology, but despite progress in locating the ions and determining their precise binding modes, it remains difficult to figure out just how important ions really are.

TL;DR: The most straightforward approaches focus on impregnating catheter material with classical antimicrobial agents, but these approaches are not universally effective, thereby underscoring the need for more potent and more sophisticated approaches to the prevention of catheter-related biofilm infections.

TL;DR: The conservation of GTase structure suggests that it will be simpler to manipulate glycosyltransferases for various applications than previously envisioned, suggesting a new age in glycoconjugate chemistry is beginning.

TL;DR: This study on the Ybt synthetase assembly line represents the first complete in vitro reconstitution of a nonribosomal peptide/polyketide hybrid system.

TL;DR: A method to generate a large data set of small molecule affinity fingerprints for a group of closely related enzymes, the papain family of cysteine proteases, to aid in the design of selective inhibitors of targets based on limited structural/function information is described.

TL;DR: Overall, the products of reactions catalyzed by aminoglycoside resistance enzymes exhibit diminished binding to the A site of bacterial 16S rRNA, which correlates well with a loss of antibacterial ability in resistant organisms that harbor these enzymes.

TL;DR: The introduction of a ring of arginine residues near the constriction in the transmembrane beta barrel of the staphylococcal alpha-hemolysin heptamer yielded a pore that could be almost completely blocked by phosphate anions at pH 7.5, and these pores may be useful as components of stochastic sensors for cell signaling molecules.

TL;DR: It is shown that the three proteins from the undecylprodigiosin and pyoluteorin biosynthetic pathways are sufficient for the conversion of L-proline to pyrrolyl-2-carboxyl-S-PCP, establishing a novel mechanism for pyrrole biosynthesis and extending the hypothesis that organisms use A/PCP pairs to partition an amino acid into secondary metabolism.

TL;DR: Reversible photoswitching of the helix content in short peptides containing an azobenzene cross-linker between cysteine residues at positions i, i + 4, or i,i + 11 in the sequence is reported.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that even the deeply located probes sense this hydration effect, which can be modulated by the charge of the lipid heads and is anisotropic with respect to the bilayer plane, and the two-band ratiometric fluorescence probes can provide multiparametric information on the properties of lipid membranes at different depths.

TL;DR: Kinetic analysis indicated the 2, 3, 4, and 6-amino-glucoses were transferred by GtfE with only a 4- to 30-fold drop in k(cat) and no effect on K(m) compared to the native substrate, UDP/TDP-glUCose, suggesting preparative utility.

TL;DR: The availability of the tailoring system now opens up the possibility of engineering nonnatural biosynthetic pathways yielding novel pharmacologically active analogs with a similar pharmacophore.