Showing papers in "Chemosphere in 2003"

TL;DR: For six selected pharmaceuticals present in the STP effluents, the persistence towards abiotic photodegradation was evaluated submitting them to solar experiments at 40 degrees N latitude during spring and summer, based on experimentally measured quantum yields for the direct photolysis in bi-distilled water, half-life times at varying seasons and latitude were predicted for each substance.

TL;DR: The adsorption mechanism is shown to be the electrostatic interactions between the dye and chitosan beads and the dynamical data fit well with the second-order kinetic model, except for the dry beads fitting better with the first-order model.

TL;DR: E epidemiological evidence indicates that arsenic concentration exceeding 50 microg l(-1) in the drinking water is not public health protective, and the global health implication and possible intervention strategies were discussed in this review article.

TL;DR: The variability of the bottom sediment loading with metals during the investigations was affected in the first place by changes in the concentration of iron, but also those elements whose concentrations in the top sediment were elevated compared to the concentrations in shale--cadmium, nickel and lead.

TL;DR: This paper illustrates how advances in chemical and biomedical analysis would help to detect intentional and unintentional toxic contaminants in herbal substances and how modernization and progress are being carried out to get the best out of Chinese medicines for public healthcare.

TL;DR: Except photosynthetic microalgae, POEA accounted for more than 86% of Roundup toxicity and the toxicity contribution of POEA was shown to be species-dependent, mainly due to its high acidity.

TL;DR: More than 3800 organohalogen compounds, mainly containing chlorine or bromine but a few with iodine and fluorine, are produced by living organisms or are formed during natural abiogenic processes, such as volcanoes, forest fires, and other geothermal processes.

TL;DR: Twelve organophosphorus compounds, which are used for diverse purposes (e.g. as plasticizers and flame retardants), were analysed in settled house dust from 15 indoor environments and in wipe test samples from computer screens and covers.

TL;DR: A study on the modification of rice husk by various carboxylic acids showed that tartaric acid modified rice husks (TARH) had the highest binding capacities for Cu and Pb, and the affinity of TARH for Pb is greater than Cu.

TL;DR: Light and scanning electron microscopic examinations suggest that the germ destruction achieved takes place through direct damage to cell walls caused by OH-radicals, which may be effective in reducing bacterial contamination.

TL;DR: The physico-chemical process may be used as a useful pretreatment step, especially for fresh leachates, prior to biological treatment, or as a post-treatment (polishing) step for partially stabilized leachate.

TL;DR: Fly ash can be used for an efficient removal of PCBs from several aqueous solutions and increases with increasing initial concentration and gradually tends to a constant value.

TL;DR: Modeling based on the results of ATA indicated that aceticlastic methanogens acclimated to high concentrations of TAN were less sensitive to increase in TAN and could tolerate wider pH ranges, depending on acclimation condition and system pH.

TL;DR: It is found that the particle morphology significantly affects its photocatalysis, and it depends on crystallinity rather than surface area for the same original ZnO powders prepared by equal conditions other than the difference in calcination temperature.

TL;DR: Results of the kinetic studies show that the adsorption reaction is first order with respect to dye solution concentration with activation energy of 13.2 kJ mol(-1).

TL;DR: S synchronous spectral peak intensity and its red shift in the region of about 450-480 nm may be used to indicate the presence or absence of high molecular weight and polycondensed humic organic components, or the multicomponent nature of NOM or NOM subcomponents.

TL;DR: The data preliminarily reveal the state of contamination in this region and give insight into the fate of POPs in this sub-tropical area.

TL;DR: The relative distribution of individual heavy metals in the treated effluent and the sludge streams indicated that Mn and Cu are primarily accumulated in theSludge, while 47-63% of Cd, Cr, Pb, Fe, Ni and Zn remain in thetreated effluent.

TL;DR: It seems that autochth onous and allochthonous carbon sources, which contribute to the CH(4) and CO(2) production in lakes, also have importance in the greenhouse gas emissions from reservoirs.

TL;DR: The results indicated that the dye uptake process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics for each dye-yeast system.

TL;DR: Freshwater invertebrates and fishes, especially net-spinning caddisfly larvae and upstream-migrating adult salmons, appear to be more sensitive to fluoride toxicity than estuarine and marine animals.

TL;DR: The results of this investigation showed that the ozonation process is capable of achieving high levels of COD and aromaticity removals at about their natural pH values.

TL;DR: Soil which had been exposed to glyphosate for several years had the strongest response in microbial activity and high pressure liquid chromatography detected the glyphosate metabolites aminomethyl phosphonic acid (AMPA), indicating glyphosate degradation by soil microorganisms.

TL;DR: In this study, conventional TiO2 powder was heated in hydrogen (H2) gas at a high temperature as pretreatment and the in situ electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signal intensity of oxygen vacancies and trivalent titanium (Ti3+) associated with the photocatalytic activity was studied.

TL;DR: Octanol-water partition coefficients (K(OW)) of nine environmentally relevant brominated diphenyl ether (BDE) congeners present in two technical mixtures were directly measured using a slow-stir technique and the quasi-experimental approach of using fragment constants to modify a "backbone" compound of known K(OW) was much more successful than using the fragments to "build the entire molecule.

TL;DR: It was found that alpha-HCH, DDE, Heptachlor, Endosulfan II, Methoxychlor were the most common organochlorine pesticides contaminants and PCB congeners containing 3-6 chlorines had the great preponderance in the three phase.

TL;DR: Research measures phosphorus release and predicts future releases from bottom sediments of two tributary areas (Chungpyung Lake (CPL) and Jamsil submerged dam (JSD) area in the Han river) and shows that phosphorus release rates ranged from 60 to 80 mg/m2 week in JSD area and ranged from 25 to 40mg/m3 week in CPL sediments.

TL;DR: The complexation of three heavy metals with ECP extracted from six activated sludges, originated from different WWTPs, was investigated at pH 7.5 and showed that the number of binding sites and the complexation constant were strongly linked to proteins, polysaccharides and humic substances content.

TL;DR: The results show that addition of citric acid decreased the adsorption of both lead and cadmium, and increased the abundance of F(H2O) + F(NaCl), indicating thatcitric acid treatment could transform cadmiam into more transportable forms.

TL;DR: The results suggest that soil amendments with exogenous humic matter may accelerate the phytoremediation of heavy metals from contaminated soil, while concomitantly prevent their environmental mobility.