Showing papers in "Chemosphere in 2014"

TL;DR: Due to complexity of soil-water system in nature, the effectiveness of biochars on remediation of various organic/inorganic contaminants is still uncertain.

TL;DR: An overview of the PRB technology is presented, which includes the state of art, the merits and limitations, the reactive media used so far, and the mechanisms employed to transform or immobilize contaminants.

TL;DR: The spatial distribution of antibiotics showed that the main polluting sources into the Huangpu River were animal farming sites and the tributaries downstream of the Yuanxie River, suggesting the importance of contaminant properties in inter-phase behavior.

TL;DR: Pyrolysis temperature significantly affected biochar properties and played an important role in Pb sorption capacity and mechanisms by biochars.

TL;DR: A better knowledge of plant-endophyte interactions could be utilized to increase the remediation of polluted soil environments and to protect the foodstuff by decreasing agrochemical residues in food crops.

TL;DR: The rearrangement of CNTs bundles/aggregates and covalent bond formation may be responsible for CIP desorption hysteresis on CNTe, indicating the highly heterogeneous site energy distribution on C NTs.

TL;DR: The study showed in particular that the modification of TiO2, including semiconductor coupling, can increase the photoactivity of Au/TiO2 and doping large gold NPs can mask or block the TiO1 active sites, reducing photocatalytic activity.

TL;DR: Persulfate (PS) was employed in the oxidation of Orange G (OG), an azo dye commonly found in textile wastewaters, and activation of PS by Fe(III) allowed complete OG removal, as well as mineralization close to 75%.

TL;DR: Overall, this review shows that the information on the effects of cyanotoxins on non-target organisms in the terrestrial environment is particularly scarce, and that there are still serious gaps in the knowledge about the fate in the soil ecosystems and phytotoxicity of these toxins.

TL;DR: Seasonal changes in the concentration of 21 pharmaceuticals in a wastewater treatment plant in České Budějovice were investigated over 12months, finding that most pharmaceuticals were higher during winter than during summer.

TL;DR: A comprehensive summary and critical analysis of previous NF and RO applications on fluoride and uranium removal is presented and the influence of operating conditions, water quality, solute–solute interactions, membrane characteristics and membrane fouling on Fluoride and uranium retention is critically reviewed.

TL;DR: Results indicated that heavy metal accumulation in plants can be inhibited through proper pyrolysis temperature choice and prevention of heavy metal leaching from the SS biochar.

TL;DR: Application of BC was the best in decreasing the phytoavailability of Pb and Sb in the studied army firing range soil.

TL;DR: Comparisons of flow rates showed that low flow could be an alternative strategy for reducing NH3 losses without any significant change in N2O emissions, pointing to the need for well-controlled composting conditions if gaseous emissions are to be minimised.

TL;DR: The passive samplers and analytical methods presented here can detect trace concentrations of neonicotinoids in water and are correlated to the hydrophobicity of the individual compounds.

TL;DR: The results suggested that PAEs removal resulted from both biotransformation and adsorption, of which the former was particularly significant in the CAST process, while the latter was more important in the A/A/O process.

TL;DR: The role of phosphorus in fertilizers, their uptake along with other elements and signaling during P starvation are assessed to help the maximum utilization by plants and minimum run-off and wastage.

TL;DR: The overall results suggest that exposure to AgNPs caused significant physiological and molecular level changes, oxidative stress and also resulted in the induction oxidative stress tolerance mechanisms in rice seedlings.

TL;DR: Roles of enzymes as decontaminating agents, pollutant assaying agents and indicators of environment safety are briefly encompassed.

TL;DR: The data suggest that exposure to these alternative FRs will be similar to PBDE exposure, and the influence of hand-to-mouth behavior in children's exposure needs to be further examined to better estimate exposure potential.

TL;DR: Results showed that the performance of co-digestion system was distinctly influenced by temperature and organic loading rate (OLR) in terms of gas production rate, methane yield, volatile solids removal efficiency and the system stability.

TL;DR: The objective of the review is to examine the state of knowledge on electrokinetic bioremediation and critically evaluate factors which affect the up-scaling of laboratory and bench-scale research to field-scale application and to illustrate the effectiveness of electrokinetics on the supply electron acceptors to a plume scale scenario where these are limiting.

TL;DR: This is the first study to report the occurrence of BPF and BPAF in human urine samples and the availability of rapid and simple analytical methods may be highly useful for the future biomonitoring of these compounds.

TL;DR: From values measured in natural soils around the world, the results continue to support the notion that REEs are of limited toxicity and not considered extremely hazardous to the environment, however, in areas where REE contamination is likely, the slow accumulation of these elements in the environment could become problematic.

TL;DR: Investigation of the occurrence and distribution of sixteen antibiotics belonging to four groups in surface water, sediment and groundwater samples from the Wangyang River revealed that antibiotics were widely distributed in the studied area and the high intensity of aquaculture activities could contribute to the increasing levels of antibiotics.

TL;DR: The present results suggest that the usage of products containing PFRs in the Philippines is higher than those of Japan and Vietnam, and that these differences might be due to their variation in the Usage of flame-retarded products utilized in each country.

TL;DR: This discussion paper summarizes key concerns about the potential impacts of fluorinated alternatives on human health and the environment in order to provide concise information for different stakeholders and the public.

TL;DR: The results obtained for all basins studied show the presence of residual pesticides in surface waters according the different agricultural activities developed, and atrazine, tebuconazole and diethyltoluamide were the most detected pesticides.

TL;DR: A Cr(VI) removal mechanism considering both the surface immobilization and intracellular accumulation of Cr(III) along with the formation of coagulated cell precipitate by living B. amyloliquefaciens was suggested.

TL;DR: SSBC is suggested to be a candidate for soil amendment that offers advantages over SS in terms of PAH/PTE bioaccumulation mitigation and conversion of SS to SS biochar significantly decreased PAH and available PTE concentrations.