Showing papers in "Chest in 2017"

TL;DR: This paper summarizes the eighth edition of lung cancer stage classification, which is the worldwide standard as of January 1, 2017, based on a large global database, a sophisticated analysis, extensive internal validation as well as multiple assessments confirming generalizability.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the early use of intravenous vitamin C, together with corticosteroids and thiamine, are effective in preventing progressive organ dysfunction, including acute kidney injury, and in reducing the mortality of patients with severe sepsis and septic shock.

TL;DR: The most recent studies of insomnia and CVD and the potential pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this relationship are reviewed and the need for randomized trials to further elucidate the nature of the relationship between insomnia andCVD is highlighted.

TL;DR: Accumulating data suggest an association between OSA and type 1 diabetes as well as gestational diabetes, and the impact of OSA treatment on glucose metabolism.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used DerSimonian-Laird random effects models to determine the overall incidence of pneumonitis and differences according to type of inhibitors and prior chemotherapy use.

TL;DR: HPV commonly occurs as a localized homeostatic response to focal pneumonia or atelectasis, which optimizes systemic Po2 without altering pulmonary artery pressure (PAP).

TL;DR: This trial, and subsequent meta-analyses, support the role of prone positioning as an effective therapy to reduce mortality in severe ARDS, particularly when applied early with other lung-protective strategies.

TL;DR: Adult patients with bronchiectasis enrolled in the US BRR are described, with differences noted in demographic, radiographic, microbiological, and treatment variables based on stratification of the presence of NTM.

TL;DR: An ideal test, offering both accuracy and precision for measurement of any DOAC is not widely available, and a dilute TT or ecarin‐based assay for assessment of the anticoagulant effect of dabigatran and anti‐Xa assays with drug‐specific calibrators for direct Xa inhibitors is recommended.

TL;DR: The guideline panel provided recommendations for inspiratory pressure augmentation during an initial SBT, protocols minimizing sedation, and preventative NIV, in relation to ventilator liberation.

TL;DR: SIRS was associated with organ dysfunction and mortality, and abandoning the concept appears premature, and more prognostic and clinical information is conveyed using Sepsis‐2 regarding number and type of organ dysfunctions.

TL;DR: Insight into the innate immune properties of mucins and goblet cells support a shift from the current paradigm of repressing increased mucin expression to targeting regulation of specific mucins or mucin hyperconcentration in the abnormal airway milieu.

TL;DR: All three localization methods for pulmonary nodule localization for video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) yielded similarly highly successful targeting rates, but hook‐wire localization had a relatively lower successful operative field targeting rate because of dislodgement or migration.

TL;DR: In this article, an integrated point-of-care ultrasonography (PoCUS) approach can shorten the time needed to formulate a diagnosis, while maintaining an acceptable safety profile, which can help to stratify patients who should undergo a more detailed evaluation.

TL;DR: Data from this trial support the safety of a single infusion of human mesenchymal stem cells in patients with mild‐moderate IPF.

TL;DR: Almost half of patients with PE have exercise limitation at 1 year that adversely influences HRQoL, dyspnea, and walking distance, and it is believed that the deconditioning that occurs after acute PE could underlie this exercise limitation.

TL;DR: Treatment with MMF or AZA is associated with improvements in Dlco in patients with cHP, and prospective randomized trials are needed to validate their effectiveness for cHP.

TL;DR: A clinical surveillance definition based on concurrent vasopressors, blood cultures, and antibiotics accurately identifies septic shock hospitalizations and suggests that the incidence of patients receiving treatment for sepsis has risen and mortality rates have fallen, but less dramatically than estimated on the basis of ICD‐9 codes.

TL;DR: This article reviews seminal and recent literature regarding shift work, with an eye toward real‐world application in clinical and organizational settings.

TL;DR: In patients who have recently undergone thoracic surgery or in whom surgery would be contraindicated based on the severity of illness, there has been a lack of treatment options, and newer and less invasive treatment options have been developed.

TL;DR: It is likely that mitochondria of airway epithelium, smooth muscle, and fibroblasts play differential roles, consistent with their contributions to disease biology, underlining the challenge of targeting a ubiquitous cellular element of existential importance.

TL;DR: Potential gaps in the scientific evidence are highlighted and potential strategies for focusing investigation on antielastases in clinical practice through the selection of targeted populations and proper outcomes are discussed.

TL;DR: Lung and diaphragm ultrasound can help predict weaning outcome, but its accuracy may vary depending on the patient subpopulation.

TL;DR: In this article, a brief review of the latest developments and emerging therapies for personalized management approaches for OSA is presented, where the authors identify new targets or "treatable traits" to direct therapy.

TL;DR: In this paper, a systematic review and meta-analysis with the aim of comparing the quick Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) and SIRS in patients outside the ICU was performed.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the prognostic implications and pathophysiology of right ventricular dysfunction in ARDS and discuss available diagnostic modalities and treatment options, identifying gaps in knowledge and directions for future research that could potentially improve clinical outcomes in this patient population.

TL;DR: The recognition of coexisting OSA in patients with COPD has important clinical relevance, as the management of patients with overlap syndrome is different from the managementof COPD alone, and the survival of patientsWith overlap syndrome that is not treated with nocturnal positive airway pressure is significantly inferior to that of patients that is appropriately treated.

TL;DR: In patients with ARF, HFNC is a more reliable alternative than NIPPV to reduce the rate of endotracheal intubation than COT, and for ICU mortality and length of ICU stay,HFNC did not exhibit any advantage over either COT or NIPPv.

TL;DR: In this trial of adjunctive aerosol therapy compared with standard of care IV antibiotics in patients with gram‐negative VAP, the AFIS was ineffective in improving clinical outcomes despite reducing bacterial burden.

TL;DR: The best evidence to date exists for T SLP, in that a human monoclonal antibody, which binds TSLP and prevents its engagement with its receptor, resolves airway inflammation in patients with allergic asthma and attenuates allergen‐induced airway responses.