Showing papers in "Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America in 2000"

TL;DR: A critical review of the community-based studies on the prevalence of ADHD in children and adolescents finds the best estimate of prevalence is 5% to 10% in school-aged children.

TL;DR: Although ADHD children, as a group, fare poorly compared with their non-ADHD counterparts, the childhood syndrome does not preclude attaining high educational and vocational goals, and most children no longer exhibit clinically significant emotional or behavioral problems once they reach their mid-twenties.

TL;DR: It is difficult to review the epidemiology of juvenile violence because few studies focus specifically on this topic as opposed to childhood aggression or delinquency in general, but more research is needed specifically on juvenile violence, which is generally measured using official records or self-reports.

TL;DR: The prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder among children with ADHD is controversial, but there clearly exists a subgroup of severely emotionally labileChildren with ADHD who present serious management issues for the clinician.

TL;DR: Clinical guidelines for the management of individuals receiving the stimulants are offered, and treatment strategies delineated for ADHD subjects with comorbidity and medication-induced adverse effects are discussed.

TL;DR: After a review of the voluminous literature, this distinguished panel concluded that ADHD is one of the best researched disorders in medicine; in fact, the overall data on its validity are far more compelling than for many other medical conditions.

TL;DR: Risperidone has potent effects on serotonin and dopamine neuronal systems, which have been implicated in the pathophysiology of autism as discussed by the authors, which has been shown to be effective for reducing many of the maladaptive behaviors associated with autism.

TL;DR: To further predict and reduce the consequences of CYP-based drug interactions, child psychiatrists can limit their own formularies and review PubMed, Ovid, or other literature tracking programs each time they use two or more drugs (including nonpsychiatric ones).

TL;DR: Research on the DSM-IV attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder inattentive (ADHD/IA) subtype is reviewed, with suggestions that future research further examine attentional components, mechanisms contributing to impairment domains, and the role of sluggish cognitive tempo.

TL;DR: Improved triage of patients to treatments that are likely to work will require understanding of characteristics of children, parents, and families that will make them more or less amenable to current treatments, as well as further progress in understanding the nature of conduct disorder.

TL;DR: A comprehensive assessment involving various domains of functioning provide not only more accurate diagnosis but also directions as to what difficulties exist and what multifaceted treatment plan is needed to produce current improvement and long-term positive outcome.

TL;DR: Central anticholinesterases, such as donepe-zil, may improve core ADHD symptoms and perhaps some associated features that psychostimulants do not—particularly organizational capacity and possibly other executive functions.

TL;DR: A promising multimodal psychosocial approach is presented in detail and may improve different aspects of social impairment and may complement each other when used together.

TL;DR: It is hoped that the next generation of research and researchers will tackle formidable challenges, undertake the necessary longitudinal studies of early attention development and regulation, and link these studies to basic neuroscience research in animal models using the new tools available through molecular genetics and neuroimaging.

TL;DR: Considering safety and efficacy, the SSRIs appear to be the first-line treatment for anxiety disorders in youth, but more studies are needed to confirm preliminary results and to delineate the developmental differences between children and adolescents when compared to adults.

TL;DR: If the child or adolescent with ADHD is identified early and treated properly throughout the school years, fewer secondary problems are carried into adulthood and a greater number of emotional, behavioral, and social problems can occur in the adult.

TL;DR: Some of the most prominent and empirically validated classroom intervention strategies for children with ADHD are highlighted and the importance of choosing psychoeducational interventions based on functional assessment data is discussed.

TL;DR: Comprehensive, wraparound home-based services of the type described in this article represent a mostly new tradition in psychiatry, but one that ensures that mental health services are provided to the most vulnerable children and families.

TL;DR: The recent Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with ADHD, a large, multisite study comparing efficacy of behavioral, medication, and combined treatments, and a recent NIH Consensus Conference on ADHD represent true advances in the scientific understanding of the disorder and its treatment as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this article, the evolving study of early-onset depression is discussed, and empiric support for currently available compounds is reviewed, and a pharmacologic treatment algorithm is proposed.

TL;DR: This review of the psychiatric, neuropsychological, and familial contributions to aggressive behavior makes clear that conduct disorder is not a single diagnostic entity, but is the final common pathway of the interaction among a variety of different kinds of intrinsic vulnerabilities and environmental stressors.

TL;DR: In this article, the most recent clinical pharmacologic studies of mood stabilizers in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder were summarized and a treatment algorithm was proposed based on these studies, and a brief review of the potential biologic predictors of treatment response in this population and of the newer anticonvulsants with mood stabilizing properties (e.g., lamotrigine, gabapentin, and topiramate) was offered.

TL;DR: The range of recent promising clinical applications of pharmacogenetics, the nature of genetic research on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic issues, the possible contribution of Pharmacogenetics to understanding pathogenesis, and the appropriate genetic methods to be employed are reviewed are reviewed.

TL;DR: As is evident from this brief review, the genetic study of violence is maturing at an ever-increasing rate; much more work is needed to examine specific molecular genetic markers and their associated phenotypes, particularly in subjects with juvenile onset.

TL;DR: The nature of symptoms that are typically the target of pharmacologic intervention are described, special diagnostic considerations are outlined, and recent findings and experience with psychotropic medication in mental retardation are examined.

TL;DR: The concepts of prevention, resilience, and family and child development are applied to the organizing of mental health care for HIV affected children.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the clinical phenomenology, natural history, neurobiologic features, diagnostic and medical assessment, and management of schizophrenia, and also details pharmacologic treatments.

TL;DR: Some of the issues, struggles, and reactions of children and adolescents who have been affected and infected by HIV are reviewed.

TL;DR: It is necessary to plan for continued AIDS prevention instruction throughout the school years, involving sequential, developmentally appropriate curricula that respond to the preadolescent's and adolescent's changing cognitive capabilities, social skills, and expanding exposure to sexual experiences.

TL;DR: The clinician evaluating a violent child or adolescent must overcome his or her initial disgust or anger at the youngster's behaviors and resist the impulse to dismiss the child as conduct disordered, as an incipient psychopath.