Showing papers in "China Report in 1982"

Some Aspects of Sino-American Economic Relations: Post-1950

Abstract: SINO-AMERICAN relations during the period 1949-68 were characterized by common bitterness and hostility. Interspersed were almost three years of military conflict. But in 1969, the United States began making conciliatory gestures toward the People’s Republic of China. Initially, these were guardedly orchestrated; nevertheless, they did result in the easing of a few of the many long-standing trade and travel restrictions which had been imposed against the PRC. In April 1971 a strange entourage of delegates--a group of American table tennis players-visited the PRC to participate in Sino-American games. It has been suggested that political leaders on both sides may have been preparing their peoples for a possible easing of tensions between the two countries. The preliminary groundwork laid in 1969 and 1971 proved fruitful, for it precipitated in President Richard M. Nixon’s now historic visit beginning 21 February 1972, a development which probably exceeded the expectations of leaders on both sides.

Lu Xun and Japan

Abstract: THERE are many questions that COI7le to mind when studying Lu Xun, but one thing is extremely clear--his destiny is linkcd with Japan in a most peculiar way. The object of this paper is to briefly show thc extent of this relationship and to elucidate the part Japan played in his greatness. We begin with a brief historical introduction discussing the general influence of Japanese literature on Chinese literature in the modern period and the genesis of Lu Xun’s ideas against this background. Though it would be true to say that Lu Xun used the Japanese language primarily as an entree into the literatures of other ’oppressed’ nations, this paper points out also an influence on his writings of

Some Reflections on China

Abstract: were down to earth like ’stability, unity and development of national economy’, ’the four modernizations’, ’one-child family’, etc. The young generation, which had been brought up in the cult of the leader, the party and the Marxist doctrine, believed that the trio will solve all the problems for them. They thought that with the Cultural Revolution China had found the key to the problems of the world, particularly of the Third World, in which the Chinese lived. This euphoric mood is no more. The young generation is now in an introspective mood. The Cultural Revolution has been shattered by reality. For most people it remains a bad dream, for some a terrifying nightmare, for others ’ten years wasted’. Cynicism marks the thinking of the younger generation. What was considered totally right [the Cultural Revolution] turned out to be totally wrong. Hence a withdrawal from ideological fervour into personalism, scepticism and cynicism. Gone are the

AH Q or Superman? An Appraisal of the Appraisals of Lu Xun

Abstract: A rebellious warrior has emerged in the world. He stands out like a giant. He knows all ruins and graves ....He remembers all the intense, widespread and long-enduring sorrows. He takes a serious look at the blood clots which have become a seasoned cesspool. He has deep insight into all that is dead, born, about to be born, and unborn. —Lu Xun, 'Amid Pale Bloodstains' in Wild Grass

Social Bonds on Chinese Youth : A Study of 'Regret for the Past':

Abstract: THIS PAPER attempts a close study of Lu Xun’s famous short story, ’Regret for the Past’, a story on the theme of the domination of the past over the future and the senior generation over the younger, and of the innate weakness of youth in their struggle for individuality and independence. The only love story to have been written by Lu Xun, it reveals a deep-felt empathy for the tenderness and purity of love. But the story also points out a contradiction between the power of love and the hazards of real life, a contradiction which is ultimately the source of tragedy for the young lovers. The paper holds that Lu Xun’s sympathies lie more with Zijun, the heroine of the story and the symbol of purity and idealism, rather than with the hero, Juansheng, who is in fact instrumental in the tragic end of Zijun. The paper briefly compares ’Regret for the Past’ with Ibsen’s A Dnl!’.s Hr~taav and ,4l~xandre

Lu Xun—'The Fighting Feuilletonist': A Close Look at His Essays:

Abstract: IN THIS paper we examine Lu Xun’s short essays, some six hundred and seventy nine in all, which comprise by far the greater part of his creative writings and which earned for their author the famous compliment of ’the fighting feuilletonist’. Lyrical essays, narrative essays, random thoughts, political comments, dialogues, sketches and allegories, full of power and skilfully constructed, these essays hold up a mirror to Chinese life in the first three and a hall’

China's Hunan Province: An Examination of Centre-Province Relations

Abstract: No LARGE-SIZED modern state can be governed effectively if it is excessively centralized. The awareness of this has given rise to the concept of federalism. In the present era some liberal democracies have been able to put federalism into practice with varying degrees of success. Federalism is defined as a political system that allocates authority between a central government and a series of local

Pakistan: An Unending Quest for Validation

Abstract: order to understand their implications for Indo-Pak relations. By the time I left for Pakistan, Islamabad was well into ’peacewith-India’ phase, taking one initiative after another. Pakistan’s moves for normalizing its relations with India included Mr. Agha Shahi’s statement in Delhi on mutual reduction of force levels, the offer on mutual inspection of nuclear installations and suggestions about a no-war agreement. These were topped by a heart-warming reception accorded to Mr. Narasimha Rao during his visit to Pakistan.

Lu Xun's Foreign Inspirations:

Abstract: Thought is subversive and revolutionary, destructive and terrible; thought is merciless to privilege, establishment, institutions and comfortable habit. Thought looks into the pit of hell and is no...

Sino-U.S. Relations: The Taiwan Factor

Abstract: , is a major obstacle to a meaningful consolidation of this developing relationship. Ever since the normalization of their relations, PRC has recognized the increasing importance of interdependence among nations. In the two years following normalization , the two countries have signed about 30 agreements and treaties covering almost every area of bilateral relations from civil aviation to consular relations. PRC has .

Lu Xun: Nihilist or Marxist?

Abstract: WE SHOULD first of all like to explain the rationale of the poser that we have placed before ourselves, namely, whether Lu Xun can be considered a nihilist or a marxist. Zhou Zuoren, Lu Xun’s brother and close associate, believed that the essence of his brother’s thinking was nihilistic and praised Cao Juren, a biographer of Lu Xun, for having comprehended this fact. I On the contrary, however, most other biographies of and commentaries on Lu Xun, especially those emanating from the People’s Republic of China, have stressed the essentially marxist content oi Lu Xun’s thinking, which they argue is clearly visible in his writings. Where, in fact, does the truth lie? ,

Dog, Wolf and Hyena: Reflections on 'A Madman's Diary':

Abstract: Art should show us all our bad national qualities and attributes in such a way that each of us will search out traces of them in ourself and think how to cast from ourself everything which obscures...

Lu Xun: A Cultural Movement

Abstract: not only as an individual writer but, beyond that, as the symbol ol’ a whole cultural movement. It situates the essence of the ’Lu Xunian Cultural Movement’, so to speak, in one of Lu Xun’s very early writings, his famous essay on ’Mara’ poetry, an essay which foreshadows the combative and satirical tone of his creative writings of the 1920s and 1930s. As the consistent champion of a movement for cultural renovation, as a writer of unusual depth and lucidity, and as a literary figure who never placed his personal interest before his quest for a better society, Lu Xun played

Mao : Man and Myth

Abstract: LIVING in the last quarter of the century it is only natural to look back and try to identify the precise items that dominated world affairs in the first three quarters. One cannot fail to take note of two themes: (a) search for national identify and safeguard of national interests; (b) war against exploitation and inequality. Both are closely connected and can be conveniently called national communism. Mao was its major votary. Mao got the initial spur for a life-long war against exploitation from his boyhood experiences within his family. Mao’s sensitivity was deeply hurt by the injustices, inequalities and indignities which his father inflicted on the family. Traditional teachings with their stress on the heavenly mandate, harmonious living, cyclical development, authoritarian order, and routine rituals failed

Outline History of Kampuchean Communism 1930-78:

Abstract: SINCE April 1975 when the Kampuchean coinmunists led by Pol Pot, leng Sary and Khieu Samphan seized power, they have been branded as extremists. After the KampucheanVietnam convict was officially admitted at the end of 1977, the Vietnamese communists accused the Kampuchean communists of having created ’hell’ in Kampuchea.’ In Fcbruary 1978 the Sovet Union took a propaganda soi-nersault and dubbed the Kampuhcan communist line of reconstructing heir society as a ’narrow nationalist’ and

Lu Xun: The Arch Dissenter

Abstract: Lu XUN (1881-1936) must have appeared to be an eccentric in the eyes of his contemporaries because of his all-pervasive dissent; he found fault with practically all aspects of the society in which he lived. He used his pen mercilessly to attack the deadwood sticking to the traditional framework of Chinese society, exposing a flaccid, inert mass rather than a lively, pulsating forwardlooking society. The fetters imposed on this society by the Confucian ethical code, the feudal socio-political system, the outmoded institutions and the archaic social practices, made it helpless in the face of the challenges posed by the changing times. Stagnation, as well as instability and allergy to change, made this society look both pathetic and ridiculous, despite its claim to a fine heritage of ancient culture and civilization. Lu Xun was not easy to understand, for he never fitted into any particular groove. He appreciated Kang Youwei’s and Liang Qichao’s efforts to introduce changes into the socio-political system of China but he did not have much faith in the efficacy of their plans for industrialization, constitutional monarchy and modernization of armies and arsenals. While in Japan, Lu Xun came into direct contact with the anti-Manchu revolutionary activities of the overseas Chinese students; yet there is difference of opinion among his various biographers as to whether

China's Policy Towards Arab-Israeli Conflict

Abstract: THE CHINESE communist leaders became fully aware of the strategic importance of West Asia during World War II. They realized the importance of control of this area for the success and survival of the communist movement in China. Future politics in this region was bound to affect China’s future as a national and independent identity. After the war, Mao felt that a US attack on the Soviet Union and the socialist camp would be feasible only after the US gained complete control over this strategic region.3Due to this fear of US domination of the