Showing papers in "China Report in 1991"
TL;DR: This article analysed the Chinese Communist policy towards minority nationalities in the People's Republic of China, tracing its origin and evolution during the formative period prior to 1949 as reflected in Chinese Communist documents, and concluded that there is not much possibility of change in the fundamental tenets of Han policy towards non-Han social groups in China for the next ten years or so.
Abstract: In order to analyse the Chinese Communist policy towards minority nationalities in the People’s Republic of China, we must trace its origin and evolution during the formative period prior to 1949 as reflected in the Chinese Communist documents. This historical approach to a current topic such as this is necessitated by the high degree of continuity that we find in the Chinese Marxist thinking on the nationality question, from Mao Zedong to Deng Xiaoping. Viewed from this perspective, we do not see much possibility of change in the fundamental tenets of Han policy towards non-Han social groups in China for the next ten years or so. The hard fact is that minority nationalities in the PRC constitute only a little over 5 per cent of the total Chinese population, but their traditional homelands occupy over 65 per cent of the total Chinese territory, which
4 citations
TL;DR: In contrast to the almost uniform Indian view, the view from the Chinese side is not so clear-cut as mentioned in this paper, as it is seen as a bourgeois leader, no doubt, to be dealt with wary circumspection.
Abstract: Relations between the two Asian giants, India and China were at their best, at least on the surface, during the Nehru years. They came to be at their worst also during the Nehru years. How did this come about? Indian historians and analysts generally attribute the best of motives to Nehru and they are convinced that China had the worst of motives vis-A-vis India. When elaborated through examples, it almost becomes a genetic theory of behaviour. If Nehru is criticised, it is for his innocence and gullibility and, of course, for listening to wrong advice. If the Chinese are ’praised’, it is in the same per-erse way as some Arabs may praise the Israelis, for their cunning, ruthlessness and perfidy. In contrast to the almost uniform Indian view, the view from the Chinese side is not so clear-cut. Nehru is seen as a bourgeois leader, no doubt, to be dealt with wary circumspection. But his motives are not central to Chinese legacy, they are one factor among many. The British imperial legacy, the US designs against China, Soviet machinations in the later period and the internal power struggle in China itself become equally important factors.t
3 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the role played by the Chinese in Beijing's dealings with overseas Chinese, and enumerate various definitions and enumerations of what they conveniently call "overseas Chinese" which are summarised below.
Abstract: is the subject. First, the spread of material is truly oceanic because ’where the sea reaches, there can be found overseas Chinese’ Significant numbers of Chinese are settled in all the countries of Southeast Asia, Australia, and North America, and in lesser numbers elsewhere. Second, overseas Chinese communities are far from uniform in the range of their occupations, incomes, education or social and economic status in the countries of their residence. Increasing communication and mobility among the overseas Chinese across numerous national borders and vigorous debate among their intellectuals on the significance of their Chinese heritage adds complexity to the subject, making generalisation difficult. Furthermore, there are varying definitions and enumeration of what we conveniently call ’overseas Chinese’ which are summarised below. Fourth, even the limited topic of this paper, i.e., Beijing’s dealings with overseas Chinese, contains many variables including roles played by the Chinese in
3 citations
TL;DR: The initial years of the Chinese revolution were intimately connected with the decisions of the Communist International (Comintern) as mentioned in this paper, and the ideological and strategic experiences of the two parties have been vastly different.
Abstract: ment in China. Both emerged in the aftermath of the Bolshevik revolution. The initial years of the Communist Party of China (CPC) as well as the Communist Party of India (CPI) were intimately connected with the decisions of the Communist International (Comintern). Yet, the ideological and strategic experiences of the two parties have been vastly different. The CPC’s victory in 1949 and its stewardship of the process of social transformation presents a success story. On the other hand, the Indian communist movement has fragmented into three streams and, even put together, does not constitute a major challenge to the prevailing political system. It is this historical situation which has made the Chinese revolution an inspiring reference point for the Indian revolutionaries.
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TL;DR: English language has come to denote confusion, ircomprehensibility, and impenetrability as discussed by the authors, which is a word used in Chinese to denote the degree of difference between the western dominant sense of order and that prevalent in the Chinese world view.
Abstract: English language has come to denote ’confusion,’ ’ircomprehensibility,’ ’impenetrability’. The examples of such a usage are many and varied: a Chinese puzzle (an intricate maze), Chinese revenge (doing a mischief to oneself to spite another), a Chinese flush in poker (a hand with no discernible sequence of pattern), a Chinese screwdriver (Australian slang for a ’hammer’) and the ever popular Chinese firedrill (a college prank: stopped at a traffic signal, students leap from an automobile, run around in circles, and then as the light changes, they re-enter the automobile in an utterly different order, much to the perplexity of other motorists). The degree of difference between the western dominant sense of order and that prevalent in the Chinese world-view has plagued our encounter with this antique culture from the start. With Eurocentric savants seeking corroboration for our own universal indexes in the seventeenth century, we idealised China as
2 citations
TL;DR: Wang Meng as discussed by the authors became one of China's most prominent writers after the Chinese Communists' victory in 1949 and became famous in 1956 at the age of twenty-two, when he published the story "A Young Man Arrives at the Organization Department" (Zuzhibu laile ge nianqingren).
Abstract: Wang Meng became one of China’s most prominent writers after the Chinese Communists’ victory in 1949. He became famous in 1956 at the age of twentytwo, when he published the story ’A Young Man Arrives at the Organization Department’ (Zuzhibu laile ge nianqingren).2 Thi$ story was written in response to the Party’s call during the Hundred Flowers Movement (mid-1956 to mid-1957) to offer a critique of bureaucratic functionaries within the Communist Party.’ When this movement was abruptly put to an end and followed by the AntiRightist Campaign (1957-58), Wang Meng’s brief literary career was shattered, and he was to disappear from public life for more than twenty years. After his rehabilitation in 1979, he re-emerged as a prolific writer who has reached high literary achievement. Since 1979, he has served as Vice-Chairman of the Chinese Writers’ Association and as chief editor of some important literary
1 citations
TL;DR: In 1989, China's economic power was greatly enhanced and the GNP of the country increased to RMBY 1567.7 billion as discussed by the authors, which was the highest in the world.
Abstract: national economy in the eighties. China’s economic power was greatly enhanced. Her GNP increased to RMBY 1567.7 billion in 1989 (at current prices). Agriculture, which was stagnant for long, took a turn for the better. Farm products increased by a significant margin, with the foodgrain output amounting to 407.5 million tons in 1989. There have been improvements in the production conditions of agriculture, and adjustments have been made in the rural economic structure. In regard to industry, production has grown rapidly and the technological level has been raised. There have also been adjustments in the industrial structure. The rapid development of
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TL;DR: In the wake of the 4th June episode, the western capitalist countries imposed sanctions on China which brought to an end the active diplomatic era of the eighties as mentioned in this paper and the nineties will mark the beginning of a new era in China's foreign policy.
Abstract: The nineties will mark the beginning of a new era in China’s foreign policy. In the wake of the 4th June episode, the western capitalist countries imposed sanctions on China which brought to an end the active diplomatic era of the eighties. Beginning from the summer of 1990, there was an upsurge of diplomatic activity between China and the countries of the Third World which mitigated the rigour of western sanctions, and forced the west to abandon sanctions and improve relations with China. The moral of this development is that China being a developing country with a soc,ialist system, Chinese foreign policy must be firmly based on relations with the Third World. The end of the eighties and the beginning of the nineties marked the end of the Yalta System founded in 1945, which was a Cold War system presided
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