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Showing papers in "China Report in 1996"



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The following bibliographic references form a part of the second volume of the ’QI' which is presently under compilation as mentioned in this paper, and they are arranged subject-wise, in order to help scholars in referring to the results of Indian research perspectives on the topics of their choice at one place.
Abstract: The following bibliographic references form a part of the second volume of the ’QI’ which is presently under compilation. As the entire compilation work has to go through various time-consuming processes before it is published, it was felt worthwhile to publish monographic references as an exclusive bibliography to enable the scholars concerned to use it more quickly. Hopefully, the following survey, arranged subject-wise, will achieve two objectives. One, it will help scholars in referring to the results of Indian research perspectives on the topics of their choice at one place. Two, it will also help in identifying those areas which need to be investigated in greater depth or which have not been examined so far.

9 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Jain et al. as discussed by the authors, B.M. Jain, B.R. Mojumdar, K.M., Upreti, Prem R., and Prem R. upreti discuss the role of China in South Asia.
Abstract: 247. Ghoble, T.R., ’Some Aspects of China’s Changing Outlook and South Asia’, in Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, 54th Session (1993), Mysore (New Delhi: Indian History Congress, 1994), pp. 754-56. 248. Jain, B.M., ’The Chinese Role in South Asia’, in B.M. Jain, Nuclear Politics in South Asia: In Search of an Alternatz’ve Paradigm (Jaipur: Rawat Publications, 1994), pp. 115-31. 249. Mojumdar, K., ’Nepal, Tibet, China and India, 1923-33: Tangled Web of Himalayan Politics’, in Ramakant (Ed.), South Asia: Some Reflections (Jaipur: Alekh Publishers, 1993). 250. Rose, Leo E., ’Impact of Sino-Soviet-US Normalisation on South Asia in the Eighties’, in Shelton U. Kodikara (Ed.), External Compulsions of South Asian Politics (New Delhi: Sage Publications, 1993), pp. 96-106. 251. Upreti, Prem R., ’China and South Asia: A Historical Perspective’, in Prem R. Upreti, Nepal and South Asia: A Study in Continuity and Change (New Delhi: Commonwealth Publishers, 1994), pp. 173-82.

7 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The household registration (hukou or hujt) system has long been a very important system of civil administration in China as mentioned in this paper, and the enforcement of both the taxation and corve6 systems was based on information provided by household registers.
Abstract: The household registration (hukou or hujt) system’ has long been a very important system of civil administration in China. In the imperial period, the enforcement of both the taxation and corve6 systems was based on information provided by household registers. This is the reason why imperial governments placed so much emphasis on household registration. The system survived into the Nationalist period. It was also adopted by the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Although the communist hukou system is supposedly constructed on an ’absolutely different basis’ from the traditional system of registration,2 the influence of its classical forebears cannot be dismissed. Hence, to appreciate the present system fully, it is important to trace its lineage back to past practices.

6 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This Stalinist-type development strategy was abandoned by Deng Xiaoping, who launched a market-oriented reform programme soon after he consolidated his power position in the Chinese leadership as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: This Stalinist-type development strategy was abandoned by Deng Xiaoping, who launched a market-oriented reform programme soon after he consolidated his power position in the Chinese leadership. At the beginning of the reform, raising the livelihood of farmers was accorded the highest priority in the government’s policy. Dramatically high agricultural growth was brought about by the introduction of various reform measures. Farmers benefited a lot from the increase in income. ’

3 citations


Journal ArticleDOI

3 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an exploratory comparison between strategic thinking in India and China in ancient times is made, and it is shown that Indian strategic thinking has a strong religious element in it, whereas Chinese thinking has an unmistakable "secular" base.
Abstract: This article is meant to be only an exploratory comparison between strategic thinking in India and China in ancient times. For one thing, the problems of dating individuals, events and texts in Indian history is a formidable one. In China, on the other hand, it is much less of a problem, although the dates for Sun Zi were in dispute for a long time. Interpolations in texts are common in both traditions but the oral tradition in India as opposed to the tradition of writing in China presents greater difficulties in reconstructing Indian texts. But the more serious difficulty in comparing the Indian and Chinese streams of strategic thinking stems from the strong ’religious’ base of Indian thought. In contrast, Chinese thinking has an unmistakable ’secular’ base. An offshoot of the ’religious’ element in India was the social organisation it produced. Warfare in India was almost exclusively the preserve and even the duty of the kshatriya

2 citations


Journal ArticleDOI

2 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper explored the unique social and historical factors which have made it possible for the Chinese government to adopt and implement its oft-criticized population control policy.
Abstract: Chinas population control policy has been severely criticized by many people in the western world. That policy however was adopted with the support of many leading Chinese scholars and has been effectively implemented in China ever since its enforcement in the early 1970s. The successful implementation of the policy dramatically reduced Chinas birth rate from 43.37/1000 in 1963 to 17.70/1000 in 1994. The rate of natural increase also fell from 33.33/1000 in 1963 to 11.21/1000 in 1994. These indicators demonstrate that China has had the worlds most successful family planning program. The author explores the unique social and historical factors which have made it possible for the Chinese government to adopt and implement its oft-criticized population control policy. Overpopulation and the urgency of economic development the existence of adequate support for population control the absence of established religion the improved social status and education of women Chinas tightly organized society strong peer pressure and the existence of well-established policy-implementing organizations are discussed.

2 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In contrast to the experience of the eighties, when the rate of growth of GDP in China averaged about 9 per cent a year and in 1992 alone it grew by 12.8 per cent as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: In 1978, the national income of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) had increased 7.7 fold relative to 1949, and yet, this per capita national income was barely more than $200. This was far below the average for developing countries at that time ($400), and with this the PRC ranked 140th among the 160-odd member nations of the UN. This material reality, which formed the basis for subsequent reform and readjustment of the economy, stands in sharp contrast to the experience of the eighties, when the rate of growth of GDP in China averaged about 9 per cent a year and in 1992 alone it grew by 12.8 per cent.’ This was an amazing feat compared not only to the Third World economies but also to the developed industrial countries, which were, in fact, in the throes of a deep recession through most of the decade. An estimate shows that the average income of China’s 800 million rural population more than doubled while absolute poverty more than halved. This high growth has been attributed to the programme of the Four Modernisations launched by the Communist Party of China (CPC) in 1978. These reforms, though initially directed towards agriculture, industry, defence and technology, have had a momentum of their own and would soon encompass all aspects of the Chinese economy and society.’ The CPC had given a call for

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The contradiction between increasing industrial output and regional development is discussed in this article, where it is shown that only when the unit of accounting is in dynamic conformity with these changing forces of production can balanced and progressive growth take place.
Abstract: searching for the proper balance between the evolving productive forces and the changing of the appropriate scale, or unit of accounting. It is clear that only when the unit of accounting is in dynamic conformity with these changing forces of production can balanced and progressive growth take place. Both the forces and relations of production have a role to play in this process. An additional component of the problem is the contradiction between increasing industrial output and regional development. To place the issue in its proper perspective, it must be recalled that in 1978 the number of absolute poor in China hovered in the range of 270 million, a figure which declined to 97 million seven years later.’ Further, it is equally important to remember that while China has one-eleventh of the world’s