Showing papers in "China Report in 1997"
11 citations
TL;DR: The Bibliographic Survey on China and Japan in Indian Publications 1990-95 as discussed by the authors was published on an annual basis in order to update the required bibliographic information of the scholars concerned.
Abstract: After the publication of the Bibliographic Survey’ ’China and Japan in Indian Publications 1990-95’, in China Report, Vol 32, Nos 1-2 ( 1996), it was widely felt that such a Survey should be published on an annual basis in order to update the required bibliographic information of the scholars concerned. Thus, the compilation of references on China and Japan-a byproduct of ’the ongoing documentation project on China and Japan’-available for the period November 1995-November 1996, has been completed to project the amount of work done in the field in a year. Three points need to be made about the present Survey. The first relates to the period covered. Normally, every year Indian publishers start releasing books bearing the imprint date of the next year in the month of November
5 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the attitudes and achievements of a cross-section of women in the recent past and present may provide some answers to these questions, as well as their changing role in society from the time China attained ’liberation' to the postMao period.
Abstract: social structure undergoing significant changes. When a country is colonised, wholly or partially, its society plunges to an inferior status. During the period when China was a semi-colony, women, who already occupied a subordinate position in society, became doubly inferior. It is interesting to study their changing role in society from the time China attained ’liberation’ to the postMao period. Was their advancement a result of the policies initiated within the ideological framework of communism and its compulsive propulsion or was there a conscious effort on the part of women to rid themselves from their traditional bondage? A study of the attitudes and achievements of a crosssection of women in the recent past and present may provide some answers to these questions.
4 citations
4 citations
TL;DR: The effect of population growth on the wellbeing of a society has been debated for several hundred years as discussed by the authors, and Demographic experts agree that population growth must cease sooner or later, because infinite growth cannot occur in a finite world.
Abstract: specific socio-economic situation. The effect of population growth on the wellbeing of a society has been debated for several hundred years. Demographic experts agree that population growth must cease sooner or later, because infinite growth cannot occur in a finite world. At the current 3 per cent annual rate of world population growth, there would be one individual for every square foot on the earth’s surface in less than 700 years.’ Economists agree that population growth must ultimately stop, because existing resources cannot cope with the burden of population. Moreover, several global studies on population and economic resources such as ’The Global 2000’ Report and the ’Club of Rome’ projects have concluded that population growth must stop right away if the current world population-and future populations of similar size-are to subsist on the world’s resources.2 2
3 citations
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors proposed that the state withdraw its welfare provision of housing to public employees, and proposed to improve the quality of public housing in urban areas through policy changes.
Abstract: Social change comes in four different ways. Revolution invokes armed struggle to crush the state machine for a new social order’ or critical thinking to fight an anomaly for a new paradigm.’ Intervention resorts to diagnostic techniques to identify social problems and develop ameliorating programmes under institutional constraints.’ Routine social activity builds upon the underlying force of tradition and adds its residues indiscriminately to the reality. Reform seeks to improve social conditions by reshaping decision-making and control structures, rewriting rules and regulations, and reorganising management, operation systems, and delivery of service and information. It changes routine practices without engaging the radical nature of revolution and the technicality of intervention. Chinese urban housing reform was precipitated by the explosion of housing problems from the late seventies to the early eighties, when policy shifts saw the return of urban elites and youth from the countryside, economic initiatives promoted migration from suburban and rural areas to cities, and the relaxation of political controls allowed people to complain about their housing problems openly in public.’ As opposed to revolution that might slash down the socialist housing system, and intervention, that might turn to fund-raising programmes for housing improvement, reform relates housing problems to institutional practices and attempts solutions through policy changes. It proposes that the state withdraw its welfare provision of housing to public employees, that
2 citations
TL;DR: The authors examine the two primary ways in which the concept of feudalism has been utilised in Chinese historiography, and analyse what the two usages reveal about the conceptualisation of the term.
Abstract: early twentieth century, as Chinese intellectuals began to reconceptualise that past in accordance with a European model of historical development. It was not until the thirties, however, when Marxist interpretations became dominant, that the term was ’naturalised’ in Chinese historiography. Political concerns played a central part in this ’naturalisation’ of feudalism. The nature of Chinese feudalism has been a subject of continuing debate since then; but the dominant historical discourse that emerged in the thirties, and continues to define the boundaries of historical thinking, has domesticated feudalism as an unquestioned feature of China’s past. The second aspect is formally historiographical. In this paper an attempt will be made to examine the two primary ways in which the concept of feudalism has been utilised in Chinese historiography, and analyse what the two usages reveal about the conceptualisation of the term. As a framework for analysis, I distinguish Marxist from non-Marxist historians, even though the distinction is sometimes difficult to sustain in terms of the mode of analysis. Also, while noting the relationship between Chinese and non-Chinese historians in the conceptualisation of the term, the concern here is with the writings of Chinese historians. The analysis gives more space to Marxist historiography not necessarily because Marxist historical work is superior in getting at the question of feudalism in Chinese history, but because the problem of feudalism in Chinese history has been much more of a concern to Marxist than to non-Marxist historians, which in turn has led to ceaseless controversy over the question of feudalism and a rather impressive output in terms of sheer volume. The two usages of feudalism identified for purposes of analysis do not exhaust the complexities which historians have brought into the analysis of feudalism in China’s past, but they are indicative of two fundamentally different
2 citations
1 citations
TL;DR: Hong Kong has continued to hold an attraction within the Asia-Pacific region for banks from many other countries since the late sixties as discussed by the authors, and the opportunities for onshore and offshore business have not only resulted in a high concentration of banks, but also through their operations, a growth of the international banking and financial markets in the city.
Abstract: With a strong presence of foreign banks, Hong Kong (HK) was one of the largest international banking centres in the early twentieth century.’ Following the economic success of its export led growth, Hong Kong has continued to hold an attraction within the Asia-Pacific region for banks from many other countries since the late sixties. The opportunities for onshore and offshore business have not only resulted in a high concentration of banks, but also through their operations, a growth of the international banking and financial markets in the city.’ HK as an international banking centre has been given a further boost since 1979 as a result of the liberalisation and opening of the financial sector of the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Whilst an increasing number of foreign banks have used HK as a gateway to the growing Chinese market, the PRCowned banks have increased both the scale and scope of their operations in HK.
1 citations
TL;DR: In the early years when the Chinese communist movement was engaged in guerrilla activities, the communist leadership had implemented a "supply system" for soldiers, officers, other public service workers, and their dependents as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: This article attempts to analyse and explain the developments and changes in the wage system of the state administrative personnel in the People’s Republic of China (PRC). State administrative personnel are also known as government functionaries or bureaucrats in western and other countries. In China they are commonly referred to as ’state cadres’. ’State cadre’, however, is a much larger category which encompasses many types of state employees in various fields, including teachers, medical personnel, other professionals such as journalists and scientists, and managers of state-owned factories.’ In this article, ’state cadres’ are used only for those who work in the state administrative bureaucracy and the party organisational apparatus. In the early years when the Chinese communist movement was engaged in guerrilla activities, the communist leadership had implemented a ’supply system’ for soldiers, officers, other public service workers, and their dependents. This was a system which provided only a basic ration of primary necessities, including food, clothing, and a small living allowance.’ As the communists usually had no stable sources of supply at that time, there was no uniform and fixed