scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question

Showing papers in "China Wood Industry in 2009"


Journal Article
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper reviewed the history of wood structural construction in China, its development and progresses made in the past ten years, and analyzed the characteristics, distribution, and size of the wood structural constructions industry.
Abstract: This paper reviewed the history of wood structural construction in China,its development and progresses made in the past ten years. It also analyzed the characteristics,distribution,and size of the wood structural construction industry. The domestic research needs on wood structural construction technology and standard for wood were summarized.

7 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of three glue immersion parameters including glue solids content, immersion pressure, and immersion time on the composite of reconstituted bamboo lumbers were investigated.
Abstract: Glue immersion is an important process that influences the properties of reconstituted bamboo lumbers.The authors selected dendrocalamopsis oldhami,a kind of bamboo,and investigated the effects of three glue immersion parameters including glue solids content,immersion pressure,and immersion time on the bamboo composite.The results indicated that: 1) The properties of reconstituted bamboo lumber decreased as the glue solids content was reduced;2) The immersion pressure affected glue penetration into the bamboo bundles and high immersion pressure increased the glue consumption;3) the longer immersion time didn't affect bending properties,but could improve internal bonding.

6 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the flexural properties of Chinese larch (Larix gmelini) dimension lumber (40 mm×65 mm×4 000 mm, 40 mm×90 mm× 4 000 mm and 40 mm ×140 mm × 4 000mm,Ⅰc and Ⅲc) were tested according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D4761-96 standard.
Abstract: The flexural properties of Chinese larch(Larix gmelini) dimension lumber(40 mm×65 mm×4 000 mm,40 mm×90 mm×4 000 mm and 40 mm×140 mm×4 000 mm,Ⅰc and Ⅲc) were tested according to the American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTM) D4761-96 standardThe characteristic values for Modulus of elasticity(MOE) and modulus of rupture(MOR) were evaluated using both nonparametric and parametric statistical analysesThe preliminary results provide a reference for improving the existing Chinese structural dimension lumber testing and characteristic value evaluation systemThe goal of this study was to improve the existing Chinese testing and evaluation system of dimension lumber

5 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarized test methods for determining formaldehyde concentration in air from wood-based products and compared the advantages and disadvantages of each test method and made suggestions on how to revise and use the Chinese national standards.
Abstract: This article summarized test methods for determining formaldehyde concentration in air from wood-based products.Advantages and disadvantages of each test method were compared and presented.Finally,suggestions were made on how to revise and use the Chinese national standards for determining formaldehyde emission from wood-based products.

4 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, an environmentally friendly wood adhesive with good water resistance and low cost using natural konjac glucomannan (KGM) and chitosan as the main ingredients and modified them with sodium hydroxide was developed.
Abstract: The authors developed an environmentally friendly wood adhesive with good water resistance and low cost using natural konjac glucomannan (KGM) and chitosan as the main ingredients and modified them with sodium hydroxide. Detailed chemical processes with different percentages of each component were presented in the paper. The results showed the bonding strength of plywood samples made with the modified adhesive system using 1% Chitosan,1.5% KGM,and 1% sodium hydroxide produced plywood with the highest dry bonding strength,and the adhesive using 1% Chitosan,1.5% KGM,and 2% sodium hydroxide produced plywood with the best wet bonding strength.

4 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the feasibility of utilizing Cunninghamia lanceolata to make wind turbine blades was investigated and the results showed that the maximum tensile strength of wind turbine blade, along its grain direction, was 123 MPa and its maximum compression strength was 82 MPa.
Abstract: Because petroleum and coal,as primary energy resources,are diminishing and cause pollution and environmental problems,wind energy will provide a sustainable and green alternative to the increasing world demand for energy.Traditional fiberglass-reinforced plastic (FRP),which is primarily used to make wind blades,faces some challenges such as sustainability,cost,and disposal. In this study,the feasibility of utilizing Cunninghamia lanceolata to make wind turbine blades was investigated. The results showed that the maximum tensile strength of wind turbine blades,along its grain direction,was 123 MPa and its maximum compression strength was 82 MPa.Their mechanical performance was equivalent to,or exceeded,the commonly-used wood/epoxy materials. The results show that the Cunninghamia lanceolata could be a potential alternative for wind blades in the future,but further research about its reliability are needed.

3 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: Waterproofing additives, one imported and one domestic, were added to commonly-used CCA and ACQ wood preservatives to improve the water resistance as discussed by the authors, but the authors found that both waterproofing additives could decrease water absorption, but increased wood shrinkage.
Abstract: Waterproofing additives,one imported and one domestic,were added to commonly-used CCA and ACQ wood preservatives to improve the water resistance.The authors found that both waterproofing additives could decrease water absorption,but increased wood shrinkage.It was also noticed that the wood swelling remained about the same and preservative impregnability slightly decreased.

3 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the vibration method was used to evaluate the mechanical properties of dahurian larch (Larix gmelini), a major softwood species that grows in the Northeastern China.
Abstract: In this research,the vibration method was used to evaluate the mechanical properties of dahurian larch(Larix gmelini),a major softwood species that grows in the Northeastern China.The results showed a good relationship between bending strength and modulus of elasticity(MOE).The good correlation of dynamic(from the vibration test) and static MOE indicated that vibration could be used as an effective mechanical stress grading tool for larch lumber.Lumber was sorted into four grades: M22,M26,M30,and M35 using mechanical stress grading.The grades were equivalent to the European machine grade of C22,C26,C30,and C35,respectively.It was found that through mechanical grading;the graded lumber had a higher design value than the existing general design value of domestic larch according to GB 50005-2003.

3 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: In response to the financial crisis, the Chinese government has taken a series of powerful steps to reenergize the market and industries, and it is expected China's wood products industry will have a good future in the coming years as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: China is one of the largest forest products manufacturing,consuming and trading countries in the world.Due to the impact of the international financial crisis,the forest products market in China has decreased,forest products exports have declined,and industries are facing difficulties.In response to the financial crisis,the Chinese government has taken a series of powerful steps to reenergize the market and industries.It is expected China's wood products industry will have a good future in the coming years and China's status as the world's major wood manufacturer will not change.

3 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the current research of wood compression techniques, developed in China, for Chinese fir and analyzed some existing problems in compression recovery,chemical impregnation, and durability improvement.
Abstract: Wood densification is an important way to improve properties of plantation grown Chinese Fir. This paper reviewed the current research of wood compression techniques,developed in China,for Chinese fir. It also analyzed some existing problems in compression recovery,chemical impregnation,and durability improvement. Finally,it provides suggestions and recommendations for future research and development in this area.

2 citations


Journal Article
Wang Jun1
TL;DR: In this article, a technical model of life cycle assessment (LCA) was used to investigate the environmental impact of producing panel furniture using medium density fiberboard (MDF), and the results showed that to produce one cubic meter of MDF panels, 1.95 t of wood were required demanding a high impact on resources.
Abstract: A technical model of life cycle assessment(LCA)was used in this study to investigate the environmental impact of producing panel furniture using medium density fiberboard(MDF).The model included all aspects of furniture production from raw material supply,energy consumption,transportation,and waste management.The results showed that to produce one cubic meter of MDF panels,1.95 t of wood were required demanding a high impact on resources.The resulting environmental impact manifested primarily by the following values of standardized latent environmental impact:global warming of 313.35 PE,acidification of 43.34 PE,and solid residues of 953 mPE.The authors also presented suggestions for furniture manufacturers on how to utilize technology to minimize the environmental impact.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of light waves on the wood properties such as chemical components, molecular structure, and color and microscopic structural changes are analyzed, which provides a useful reference for future research on the anti-aging properties of wood and wood based panels for outdoor applications.
Abstract: This paper describes the effects of the absorption of various wave lengths of sun-light and explains the mechanism of photo-induced aging of wood.The effects of light waves on the wood properties such as chemical components,molecular structure,and color and microscopic structural changes are also analyzed.This review provides a useful reference for future research on the anti-aging properties of wood and wood based panels for outdoor applications.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the status for bamboo standardization in China and also presented suggestions for further development of standards for the bamboo industries, including an unclear strategy, lack of ecology and cultivation standards and poor coordination in developing standards.
Abstract: There are currently 9 national and 28 industrial standards related to bamboo and bamboo products that have been developed in China.Some local governments and companies are active in establishing their own specifications and requirements as China has not established a national standard.Obstacles impeding standardization include an unclear strategy,lack of ecology and cultivation standards,and poor coordination in developing standards.This paper reviewed the latest status for bamboo standardization in China and also presented suggestions for further development of standards for the bamboo industries.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the forest resources, market needs, and features of forest product industries in both of China and the USA and made a comparative analysis on the forest products trade between the two countries over the past 10 years.
Abstract: The authors analyzed the forest resources,market needs,and features of forest product industries in both of China and the USA and made a comparative analysis on the forest products trade between the two countries over the past 10 years. It was observed that China and the USA are important trade partners in forest products as well as with many other goods and services. An important conclusion was that there are comparative advantages in forestry between the two countries that are extremely complementary. The future trend is that China will continue to export low to middle end products to the USA and,in return,import primarily logs and lumber to meet China's needs. Suggestions to promote a healthy forest products trade between the two countries were also given.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the surface bonding strength, modulus of rupture, and shielding efficiency of the composites were tested and the results indicated that the laminated composites had better modulus-of-reconstruction than the substrate MDF panels.
Abstract: To meet the demand of wood-based composite industry for electromagnetic shielding structures,nickel-based fabric and copper foil were selected to laminate to the surface of medium density fiberboard (MDF) panels to make electromagnetic shielding composite. The nickel-based fabric and copper foil were bonded on the MDF panels by applying an acetate emulsion and an epoxy resin,respectively. Surface bonding strength,modulus of rupture,and shielding efficiency of the composites were tested. The results indicated that the laminated composites had better modulus of rupture than the substrate MDF panels. The shielding efficiencies were 60 dB for the nickel-fabric laminated MDF panels and 70 dB for the copper-foil laminated MDF panels.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of temperature and duration of heat treatment on the color shift of mosa bamboo were investigated and the lightness, red hue, a*, yellow hue, and aberration of the treated specimens were evaluated.
Abstract: Heat treatment is a commonly used method to improve certain performance of wood and bamboo materials.However,it also causes a color change that could be used by many manufacturers to make bamboo products with different appearances.To provide basic guidance and reference for the bamboo processing industry,the authors of this paper investigated the effects of temperature and duration of heat treatment on the color shift of bamboo.Specimens were made from mosa bamboo(Phyllostachys pubescence) and were treated under temperatures from 100 ℃ to 220 ℃ and with durations of 1~4 hours.The lightness(L*),red hue(a*),yellow hue(b*),and aberration(△E*) of the treated bamboo were evaluated.The results showed that the heating temperature and duration had remarkable effects on the L*,a* and b* of the specimens.The aberration of the treated specimens increased with increasing temperature and duration.

Journal Article
TL;DR: The internal structure and density characteristics of Sophora japonica waferboard, Cryptomeria fortunei scrimber, and wheat straw boards were evaluated using X-ray based computer tomography (CT) as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The internal structure and density characteristics of Sophora japonica waferboard,Cryptomeria fortunei scrimber,and wheat straw boards were evaluated using X-ray based computer tomography(CT).The results indicated computer tomography was an effective tool to determine the panel density distribution both horizontally and vertically.It was found that the average density variations of waferboard and scrimber board were higher than wheat straw boards.It was also observed that the vertical density profile of waferboard did not show any uniformity while scrimber board and wheat straw board showed the typical W-and U-shape curves,respectively.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the decay resistance of heat-treated Pinus svlvestris was tested according to Chinese National Standards and the result showed that the weight loss of control wood specimens reached 53.3% and 32.8% while the weight losses of heat treated wood was only 2.29 % and 0.69 % when the samples were attacked by brown rot and white rot fungus,respectively.
Abstract: Durability and decay resistance of heat-treated wood is enhanced by the heating treatment in which the chemical composition of the wood can be modified to inhibit the decay fungi.In this study the decay resistance of heat-treated Pinus svlvestris was tested according to Chinese National Standards.The result showed that the weight loss of control wood specimens reached 53.3% and 32.8% while the weight loss of heat-treated wood was only 2.29 % and 0.69 % when the samples were attacked by brown rot and white rot fungus,respectively.The result of a two-year field test in Beijing showed the class of decay resistance was at a 0 level for control samples but at a 9.5 level for the heat-treated wood samples.The decay resistance level of heat-treated wood could reach level I(strong decay resistance).

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the authors summarized the Japanese literature of wood structures and the observations of the author's two visits to Japan, and provided useful information for Chinese researchers in developing Chinese wood product specifications and structural standards.
Abstract: The culture and technology of Japanese wood structures is well-known in the worldHowever,the development of Japanese wood structures has experienced many up and down periods,especially during the period of reconstruction following natural disasters such as destructive earthquakes and typhoonsThis paper summarizes the Japanese literature of wood structures and the observations of the author's two visits to JapanHopefully,the history and development of Japanese wood structures will provide useful information for Chinese researchers in developing Chinese wood product specifications and structural standards

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the authors impregnated melamine urea-formaldehyde resin into wood before the heat treatment and showed that this combined treatment not only improved wood dimensional stability and durability, but also prevented the loss of mechanical strength.
Abstract: Heat treatment of wood under about 200 ℃ for a short period of time is a commonly used method to improve its durability and dimensional stability.However,the mechanical strength of wood after heat treatment usually decreases and the loss of strength has a negative effect on the application of heat-treated wood.To compensate for the strength loss,the authors impregnated melamine urea-formaldehyde resin into wood before the heat treatment.The results showed that this combined treatment(resin impregnation and heat treatment) not only improved wood dimensional stability and durability,but also prevented the loss of mechanical strength.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the results showed that the specimens impregnated with urea-formaldehyde resin had improvement in their thermal performance and compression strength, and compared them to untreated wood specimens.
Abstract: Specimens of fast-grown,low density poplar wood were impregnated with organic and inorganic solutions which included urea-formaldehyde resin,polyacrylate emulsion,and silica sol.The authors analyzed the chemical composition changes,thermal performance,and compression strength of the treated wood specimens and compared them to untreated wood specimens.The results showed that the specimens impregnated with urea-formaldehyde resin had improvement in their thermal performance and compression strength.


Journal Article
Chang Ya-zhou1
TL;DR: In this paper, a relative good dyeing process was identified after the orthogonal test, based on the characteristic of plantation wood, through the different pretreatments to change wood permeability and the different dyers, and the experimental results showed that using basic dyes,maintaining 2 hours under 0.09 MPa degree in a vacuum after pre-steaming, and soaking 12 hours under atmospheric pressure.
Abstract: Based on the characteristic of plantation wood,through the different pretreatments to change wood permeability and the different dyers,a relative good dyeing process was identified after the orthogonal test.The experimental results showed that using basic dyes,maintaining 2 hours under 0.09 MPa degree in a vacuum after pre-steaming,and soaking 12 hours under atmospheric pressure,finally specimens were dyed 7 hours under the pressure of 1.2 MPa.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, different bleach formulas were investigated on their effectiveness of minimizing the color variation of commonly used maple and rubber lumbers, and the results showed that rubber wood was easier to bleach than maple wood.
Abstract: Bleaching is an effective way to remove the color difference of wood after its hydrothermal treatment.Different bleach formulas were investigated on their effectiveness of minimizing the color variation of commonly-used maple and rubber lumbers. The results showed that rubber wood was easier to bleach than maple wood. The optimum bleaching conditions were found to depend on the hydrothermal treatment conditions.

Journal Article
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors developed a coding method for identifying and differentiating solid wood furniture manufacturing processes based on their characteristics, which could provide guidance and specific examples for Chinese wood furniture industry to improve production management.
Abstract: The authors developed a coding method for identifying and differentiating solid wood furniture manufacturing processes based on their characteristicsThe detailed coding structure and proposed identification coding method were explainedIt is expected that this unique coding system could provide guidance and specific examples for Chinese wood furniture industry to improve production management

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed the adhesive developed for three different processes: curing with heat,curing without heat (at room temperature), and fast curing with catalysts, which can be used to manufacture wood products for structural applications such as glulam.
Abstract: Adhesives used to bond timbers with high moisture content were developed in the early 1980's.These adhesives can be used to manufacture wood products for structural applications such as glulam.This paper reviewed the adhesive developed for three different processes: curing with heat,curing without heat(at room temperature),and fast curing with catalysts.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated tension test results (ultimate strength and tooth withdrawal) for the truss connections according to GB 50005-2003 and found that the ductility ratio varied with the types of connections and with a connection of α = 0°,was higher than 2.0 which is a typical value used in a seismic resistant structure.
Abstract: Timber construction in China is gaining more attention and use of metal-plate-connected trusses made from dahurian larch dimensional lumber and imported truss plates is becoming more popular for light frame wood construction.This study evaluated tension test results(ultimate strength and tooth withdrawal) for the truss connections according to GB 50005-2003.The load-displacement curves were modeled using Foschi's equation.The accuracy and efficiency of the Foschi's model were examined and a conservative method of determining connection ductility ratio was proposed.The result showed that the ductility ratio varied with the types of connections and with a connection of α=0°,was higher than 2.0 which is a typical value used in a seismic resistant structure.

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of steam-exploded pressure on fiber dimension,chemistry components, and board properties was investigated, and the results showed that higher steam pressure produced finer fibers with higher sugar, acids, and higher alcohol contents.
Abstract: Cotton stalk fibers were obtained through the steam-explosion pulping process and binderless fiberboards were produced from the fibers without any chemical additives. The effect of steam-exploded pressure on fiber dimension,chemistry components,and board properties was investigated in this paper. The results showed that higher steam pressure produced finer fibers with higher sugar,acids,and higher alcohol contents. It was also observed that the internal bonding strength of the binderless fiberboard was improved under higher steam exploded pressure. However,the mechanical property of the board decreased as steam pressure was increased.