Showing papers in "Chinese Physics B in 2017"

A novel color image encryption scheme using fractional-order hyperchaotic system and DNA sequence operations*

Abstract: In this paper, Adomian decomposition method (ADM) with high accuracy and fast convergence is introduced to solve the fractional-order piecewise-linear (PWL) hyperchaotic system. Based on the obtained hyperchaotic sequences, a novel color image encryption algorithm is proposed by employing a hybrid model of bidirectional circular permutation and DNA masking. In this scheme, the pixel positions of image are scrambled by circular permutation, and the pixel values are substituted by DNA sequence operations. In the DNA sequence operations, addition and substraction operations are performed according to traditional addition and subtraction in the binary, and two rounds of addition rules are used to encrypt the pixel values. The simulation results and security analysis show that the hyperchaotic map is suitable for image encryption, and the proposed encryption algorithm has good encryption effect and strong key sensitivity. It can resist brute-force attack, statistical attack, differential attack, known-plaintext, and chosen-plaintext attacks.

Different angle-resolved polarization configurations of Raman spectroscopy: A case on the basal and edge plane of two-dimensional materials*

Abstract: Angle-resolved polarized Raman (ARPR) spectroscopy can be utilized to assign the Raman modes based on crystal symmetry and Raman selection rules and also to characterize the crystallographic orientation of anisotropic materials. However, polarized Raman measurements can be implemented by several different configurations and thus lead to different results. In this work, we systematically analyze three typical polarization configurations: 1) to change the polarization of the incident laser, 2) to rotate the sample, and 3) to set a half-wave plate in the common optical path of incident laser and scattered Raman signal to simultaneously vary their polarization directions. We provide a general approach of polarization analysis on the Raman intensity under the three polarization configurations and demonstrate that the latter two cases are equivalent to each other. Because the basal plane of highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) exhibits isotropic feature and its edge plane is highly anisotropic, HOPG can be treated as a modelling system to study ARPR spectroscopy of two-dimensional materials on their basal and edge planes. Therefore, we verify the ARPR behaviors of HOPG on its basal and edge planes at three different polarization configurations. The orientation direction of HOPG edge plane can be accurately determined by the angle-resolved polarization-dependent G mode intensity without rotating sample, which shows potential application for orientation determination of other anisotropic and vertically standing two-dimensional materials and other materials.

Thermal properties of two-dimensional materials*

Abstract: Two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as graphene, phosphorene, and transition metal dichalcogenides (e.g., MoS2 and WS2), have attracted a great deal of attention recently due to their extraordinary structural, mechanical, and physical properties. In particular, 2D materials have shown great potential for thermal management and thermoelectric energy generation. In this article, we review the recent advances in the study of thermal properties of 2D materials. We first review some important aspects in thermal conductivity of graphene and discuss the possibility to enhance the ultra-high thermal conductivity of graphene. Next, we discuss thermal conductivity of MoS2 and the new strategy for thermal management of MoS2 device. Subsequently, we discuss the anisotropic thermal properties of phosphorene. Finally, we review the application of 2D materials in thermal devices, including thermal rectifier and thermal modulator.

Photodetectors based on junctions of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides*

Abstract: Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have gained considerable attention because of their novel properties and great potential applications. The flakes of TMDCs not only have great light absorptions from visible to near infrared, but also can be stacked together regardless of lattice mismatch like other two-dimensional (2D) materials. Along with the studies on intrinsic properties of TMDCs, the junctions based on TMDCs become more and more important in applications of photodetection. The junctions have shown many exciting possibilities to fully combine the advantages of TMDCs, other 2D materials, conventional and organic semiconductors together. Early studies have greatly enriched the application of TMDCs in photodetection. In this review, we investigate the efforts in photodetectors based on the junctions of TMDCs and analyze the properties of those photodetectors. Homojunctions based on TMDCs can be made by surface chemical doping, elemental doping and electrostatic gating. Heterojunction formed between TMDCs/2D materials, TMDCs/conventional semiconductors and TMDCs/organic semiconductor also deserve more attentions. We also compare the advantages and disadvantages of different junctions, and then give the prospects for the development of junctions based on TMDCs.

Amorphous physics and materials: Secondary relaxation and dynamic heterogeneity in metallic glasses: A brief review*

Abstract: Understanding mechanical relaxation, such as primary (a) and secondary (s) relaxation, is key to unravel the intertwined relation between the atomic dynamics and non-equilibrium thermodynamics in metallic glasses. At a fundamental level, relaxation, plastic deformation, glass transition, and crystallization of metallic glasses are intimately linked to each other, which can be related to atomic packing, inter-atomic diffusion, and cooperative atom movement. Conceptually, s relaxation is usually associated with structural heterogeneities intrinsic to metallic glasses. However, the details of such structural heterogeneities, being masked by the meta-stable disordered long-range structure, are yet to be understood. In this paper, we briefly review the recent experimental and simulation results that were attempted to elucidate structural heterogeneities in metallic glasses within the framework of s relaxation. In particular, we will discuss the correlation among s relaxation, structural heterogeneity, and mechanical properties of metallic glasses.

First-principles investigations on the mechanical, thermal, electronic, and optical properties of the defect perovskites Cs2SnX 6 (X = Cl, Br, I)*

Abstract: The mechanical properties, thermal properties, electronic structures, and optical properties of the defect perovskites Cs2SnX 6 (X = Cl, Br, I) were investigated by first-principles calculation using PBE and HSE06 hybrid functional. The optic band gaps based on HSE06 are 3.83 eV for Cs2SnCl6, 2.36 eV for Cs2SnBr6, and 0.92 eV for Cs2SnI6, which agree with the experimental results. The Cs2SnCl6, Cs2SnBr6, and Cs2SnI6 are mechanically stable and they are all anisotropic and ductile in nature. Electronic structures calculations show that the conduction band consists mainly of hybridization between the halogen p orbitals and Sn 5s orbitals, whereas the valence band is composed of the halogen p orbitals. Optic properties indicate that these three compounds exhibit good optical absorption in the ultraviolet region, and the absorption spectra red shift with the increase in the number of halogen atoms. The defect perovskites are good candidates for probing the lead-free and high power conversion efficiency of solar cells.

New ternary superconducting compound LaRu 2 As 2 : Physical properties from density functional theory calculations

Abstract: In this paper, we have presented the density functional theory (DFT) based calculations performed within the first-principles pseudopotential method to investigate the physical properties of the newly discovered superconductor LaRu2As2 for the first time. The optimized structural parameters are in good agreement with the experimental results. The calculated independent elastic constants ensure mechanical stability of the compound. The calculated Cauchy pressure, Pugh's ratio as well as Poisson's ratio indicate that LaRu2As2 should behave as a ductile material. Due to low Debye temperature, LaRu2As2 may be used as a thermal barrier coating (TBC) material. The new compound should exhibit metallic nature as its valence bands overlap considerably with the conduction bands. LaRu2As2 is expected to be a soft material and easily machineable because of its low hardness value of 6.8 Gpa. The multi-band nature is observed in calculated Fermi surface. A highly anisotropic combination of ionic, covalent, and metallic interactions is expected in accordance with charge density calculations.

Multi-scroll hidden attractors and multi-wing hidden attractors in a 5-dimensional memristive system*

Abstract: A novel 5-dimensional (5D) memristive chaotic system is proposed, in which multi-scroll hidden attractors and multi-wing hidden attractors can be observed on different phase planes. The dynamical system has multiple lines of equilibria or no equilibrium when the system parameters are appropriately selected, and the multi-scroll hidden attractors and multi-wing hidden attractors have nothing to do with the system equilibria. Particularly, the numbers of multi-scroll hidden attractors and multi-wing hidden attractors are sensitive to the transient simulation time and the initial values. Dynamical properties of the system, such as phase plane, time series, frequency spectra, Lyapunov exponent, and Poincare map, are studied in detail. In addition, a state feedback controller is designed to select multiple hidden attractors within a long enough simulation time. Finally, an electronic circuit is realized in Pspice, and the experimental results are in agreement with the numerical ones.

Comparative study of Mo 2 Ga 2 C with superconducting MAX phase Mo 2 GaC: First-principles calculations

Abstract: The structural, electronic, optical and thermodynamic properties of Mo2Ga2C are investigated using density functional theory (DFT) within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The optimized crystal structure is obtained and the lattice parameters are compared with available experimental data. The electronic density of states (DOS) is calculated and analyzed. The metallic behavior for the compound is confirmed and the value of DOS at Fermi level is 4.2 states per unit cell per eV. Technologically important optical parameters (e.g., dielectric function, refractive index, absorption coefficient, photo conductivity, reflectivity, and loss function) are calculated for the first time. The study of dielectric constant (ɛ 1) indicates the Drude-like behavior. The absorption and conductivity spectra suggest that the compound is metallic. The reflectance spectrum shows that this compound has the potential to be used as a solar reflector. The thermodynamic properties such as the temperature and pressure dependent bulk modulus, Debye temperature, specific heats, and thermal expansion coefficient of Mo2Ga2C MAX phase are derived from the quasi-harmonic Debye model with phononic effect also for the first time. Analysis of T c expression using available parameter values (DOS, Debye temperature, atomic mass, etc.) suggests that the compound is less likely to be superconductor.

Two-dimensional materials for ultrafast lasers*

Abstract: As the fundamental optical properties and novel photophysics of graphene and related two-dimensional (2D) crystals are being extensively investigated and revealed, a range of potential applications in optical and optoelectronic devices have been proposed and demonstrated. Of the many possibilities, the use of 2D materials as broadband, cost-effective and versatile ultrafast optical switches (or saturable absorbers) for short-pulsed lasers constitutes a rapidly developing field with not only a good number of publications, but also a promising prospect for commercial exploitation. This review primarily focuses on the recent development of pulsed lasers based on several representative 2D materials. The comparative advantages of these materials are discussed, and challenges to practical exploitation, which represent good future directions of research, are laid out.

Recent progress of ZnMgO ultraviolet photodetector

Abstract: The ultra-violet (UV) detection has a wide application in both civil and military fields. ZnO is recognized as one of ideal materials for fabricating the UV photodetectors due to its plenty of advantages, such as wide bandgap, low cost, being environment-friendly, high radiation hardness, etc. Moreover, the alloying of ZnO with MgO to make ZnMgO could continually increase the band gap from ~ 3.3 eV to ~ 7.8 eV, which allows both solar blind and visible blind UV radiation to be detected. As is well known, ZnO is stabilized in the wurtzite structure, while MgO is stabilized in the rock salt structure. As a result, with increasing the Mg content, the crystal structure of ZnMgO alloy will change from wurtzite structure to rock salt structure. Therefore, ZnMgO photodetectors can be divided into three types based on the structures of alloys, namely, wurtzite-phase, cubic-phase and mixed-phase devices. In this paper, we review recent development and make the prospect of three types of ZnMgO UV photodetectors.

Anomalous boundary deformation induced by enclosed active particles

Abstract: We simulate a two-dimensional model of a round soft boundary enclosed with self-propelled particles. Persistent motion drives these particles to accumulate near the boundary, thereby dramatically deforming the boundary shape through collisions. Quantitative analyses of the boundary shape and the particle distribution show that there are two typical regimes in the variation of the morphology with the increase of self-propulsion of particles. One is under small forces, characterized by the radially inhomogeneous distribution of particles and the suppression of local fluctuations of the almost round boundary, and the other is under large forces, featured by the angularly inhomogeneous distribution of particles and the global shape deformation of the boundary. These two features are strongly cooperative. We also find different mechanisms in the particle relocation at low and high particle concentrations.

Simulation design of P-I-N-type all-perovskite solar cells with high efficiency

Abstract: According to the good charge transporting property of perovskite, we design and simulate a p–i–n-type all-perovskite solar cell by using one-dimensional device simulator. The perovskite charge transporting layers and the perovskite absorber constitute the all-perovskite cell. By modulating the cell parameters, such as layer thickness values, doping concentrations and energy bands of n-, i-, and p-type perovskite layers, the all-perovskite solar cell obtains a high power conversion efficiency of 25.84%. The band matched cell shows appreciably improved performance with widen absorption spectrum and lowered recombination rate, so weobtain a high J sc of 32.47 mA/cm2. The small series resistance of the all-perovskite solar cell also benefits the high J sc. The simulation provides a novel thought of designing perovskite solar cells with simple producing process, low production cost and high efficient structure to solve the energy problem.

Photodetecting and light-emitting devices based on two-dimensional materials*

Abstract: Two dimensional (2D) materials, e.g. graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), black phosphorus (BP), have demonstrated fascinating electrical and optical characteristics and exhibited great potential in optoelectronic applications. High performance and multifunctional devices were achieved by employing diverse designs of architectures, such as hybrid systems with nanostructured materials, bulk semiconductors and organics, forming 2D heterostructures. In this review, we mainly discuss the recent progresses of 2D materials in high responsive photodetectors, light-emitting devices and single photon emitters. Hybrid systems and van der Waals heterostructures based devices are emphasized, which exhibit great potential in state-of-the-art applications.

Graphene integrated photodetectors and opto-electronic devices — a review

Abstract: Graphene and other two-dimensional materials have recently emerged as promising candidates for next-generation, high-performance photonics. In this paper, the progress of research into photodetectors and other electro-optical devices based on graphene integrated silicon photonics is briefly reviewed. We discuss the performance metrics, photo-response mechanisms, and experimental results of the latest graphene photodetectors integrated with silicon photonics. We also lay out the unavoidable performance trade-offs in meeting the requirements of various applications. In addition, we describe other opto-electronic devices based on this idea. Integrating two-dimensional materials with a silicon platform provides new opportunities in advanced integrated photonics.

Recent progress on integrating two-dimensional materials with ferroelectrics for memory devices and photodetectors*

Abstract: Two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as graphene and related transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC), have attracted much attention for their potential applications. Ferroelectrics, one of the special and traditional dielectric materials, possess a spontaneous electric polarization that can be reversed by the application of an external electric field. In recent years, a new type of device, combining 2D materials with ferroelectrics, has been fabricated. Many novel devices have been fabricated, such as low power consumption memory devices, highly sensitive photo-transistors, etc. using this technique of hybrid systems incorporating ferroelectrics and 2D materials. This paper reviews two types of devices based on field effect transistor (FET) structures with ferroelectric gate dielectric construction (termed FeFET). One type of device is for logic applications, such as a graphene and TMDC FeFET for fabricating memory units. Another device is for optoelectric applications, such as high performance phototransistors using a graphene p-n junction. Finally, we discuss the prospects for future applications of 2D material FeFET.

Graphene/Mo2C heterostructure directly grown by chemical vapor deposition*

Abstract: Graphene-based heterostructure is one of the most attractive topics in physics and material sciences due to its intriguing properties and applications. We report the one-step fabrication of a novel graphene/Mo2C heterostructure by using chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The composition and structure of the heterostructure are characterized through energy-dispersive spectrometer, transmission electron microscope, and Raman spectrum. The growth rule analysis of the results shows the flow rate of methane is a main factor in preparing the graphene/Mo2C heterostructure. A schematic diagram of the growth process is also established. Transport measurements are performed to study the superconductivity of the heterostructure which has potential applications in superconducting devices.

Performance improvement of continuous carbon nanotube fibers by acid treatment

Abstract: Continuous CNT fibers have been directly fabricated in a speed of 50 m/h–400 m/h, based on an improved chemical vapor deposition method. As-prepared fibers are further post-treated by acid. According to the SEM images and Raman spectra, the acid treatment results in the compaction and surface modification of the CNTs in fibers, which are beneficial for the electron and load transfer. Compared to the HNO3 treatment, HClSO3 or H2SO4 treatment is more effective for the improvement of the fibers' properties. After HClSO3 treatment for 2 h, the fibers' strength and electrical conductivity reach up to ~ 2 GPa and ~ 4.3 MS/m, which are promoted by ~ 200% and almost one order of magnitude than those without acid treatment, respectively. The load-bearing status of the CNT fibers are analyzed based on the downshifts of the G ' band and the strain transfer factor of the fibers under tension. The results reveal that acid treatment could greatly enhance the load transfer and inter-bundle strength. With the HClSO3 treatment, the strain transfer factor is enhanced from ~ 3.9% to ~ 53.6%.

Linear synchronization and circuit implementation of chaotic system with complete amplitude control

Abstract: Linear synchronization and circuit implementation of chaotic system with complete amplitude control∗ Chun-Biao Li(李春彪)1,2,†, Wesley Joo-Chen Thio3, Julien Clinton Sprott4, Ruo-Xun Zhang(张若洵)5, and Tian-Ai Lu(陆天爱)1,2 1Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Meteorological Observation and Information Processing, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China 2School of Electronic & Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China 3Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA 4Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA 5College of Teacher Education, Xingtai University, Xingtai 054001, China