Showing papers in "Clinical Neurophysiology in 2006"

TL;DR: The feasibility of using tDCS in double-blind, sham-controlled randomized trials in clinical Neurorehabilitation is supported and tDCS could evolve into a useful tool, in addition to TMS, to modulate cortical activity in Neurore Rehabilitation.

TL;DR: BP is used for detecting the participation of the 'voluntary motor system' in the generation of apparently involuntary movements in patients with psychogenic movement disorders and event-related desynchronization of beta frequency EEG band before self-initiated movements shows a different temporospatial pattern from that of the BP, suggesting different neuronal mechanisms for the two.

TL;DR: A comprehensive review of all identified studies that investigated effects of low and/or high frequency rTMS on motor cortical excitability or inhibition concluded that more substantial effects may be obtained through the use of novel stimulation paradigms or innovative approaches to the stimulation of areas connected to a potential target site.

TL;DR: The Karolinska sleepiness scale was closely related to EEG and behavioral variables, indicating a high validity in measuring sleepiness and may be a useful proxy for EEG or behavioral indicators of sleepiness.

TL;DR: The results of offline classification suggest that a P300-based BCI can serve as a non-muscular communication device in both ALS, and non-ALS control groups.

TL;DR: Calculated values are comparable to those used in the most recent in vitro studies on modulation of neuronal activity and may be used to assess the current distribution during tDCS using new electrode montages, to help optimize montages that target a specific region of the brain or to preliminarily investigate compliance with safety guidelines.

TL;DR: The underlying neural basis of vigilance and its assessment using physiologic tools is discussed and since, assessment of vigilance requires assessment of cognitive function this aspect is also discussed.

TL;DR: CSD transformation is shown to be a valuable preprocessing step for PCA of ERP data, providing a unique, physiologically meaningful solution to the ubiquitous reference problem and shows promise as a comprehensive, generic strategy for ERP analysis.

TL;DR: Electrode impedance has a substantial effect on the VTA and accurate representation of electrode impedance should be an explicit component of computational models of voltage-controlled DBS.

TL;DR: The P300-based BCI described can reliably control, in 'real time', the motion of a cursor on a graphical interface, and no time-consuming training is needed in order to test possible applications for motor-impaired patients.

TL;DR: The TMS evoked components obtained by recording in continuous mode strikingly fit with those already described by other authors for both their latencies and the spatio-temporal pattern of scalp distribution.

TL;DR: Functional data on large populations support the 'transitional hypothesis' of a shadow zone across normality, pre-clinical stage of dementia (MCI), and AD.

TL;DR: If group findings are the primary objective, as typical for cognitive ERP research, low-resolution CSD topographies may be as efficient, given the effective spatial smoothing when averaging across subjects and/or conditions.

TL;DR: Overall, as currently applied rTMS to non-motor areas appears to be safe with few, generally mild adverse effects, and systematic reporting of adverse effects and careful documentation of machine type, coils used, and actual intensity are recommended.

TL;DR: Graph analysis reveals changes in the normal "small-world" network architecture in addition to changes in synchronization levels with some differences according to the studied frequency sub-bands, which may contribute to the cognitive alterations observed in patients with brain tumours.

TL;DR: A detailed account of most of the published data on Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation is provided with particular reference to methodological issues that affect their interpretation.

TL;DR: The two excellent papers published in this issue are underlining the conviction that non-invasive EEG-driven BCIs offer a realistic perspective for communication in paralyzed patients, and the slow cortical potential BCIs used for paralyzed ALS patients.

TL;DR: It is conjecture that wave-like behavior of synaptic action may facilitate interactions between remote cell assemblies, providing an important mechanism for the functional integration underlying conscious experience.

TL;DR: While 1Hz rTMS should not be used with analgesic purposes, high-frequency rT MS may become useful to select candidates for MCS, and placebo effects are powerful and should be controlled for.

TL;DR: The EEG exhibits characteristic changes depending on the stage of the disease, ranging from nonspecific findings such as diffuse slowing and frontal rhythmic delta activity (FIRDA) in early stages to disease-typical periodic sharp wave complexes (PSWC) in middle and late stages to areactive coma traces or even alpha coma in preterminal EEG recordings.

TL;DR: Frequency domain analyses of heart rate and blood pressure variability, microneurography, occlusion plethysmography, laser Doppler imaging and flowmetry, and cardiac sympathetic imaging are currently research tools but may find a place in the clinical assessment of autonomic function in the future.

TL;DR: TMS measurements of motor cortex function are reliable enough to be potentially useful in investigation of motor system plasticity, and their reliability may vary according to the muscle under investigation.

TL;DR: An increase in persistent Na+ conductances coupled with reduction in K+ currents would predispose axons of ALS patients to generation of fasciculations and cramps, and axonal excitability studies may provide insight into mechanisms responsible for motor neuron loss in ALS.

TL;DR: The markedly asymmetric monophasic pulse with a posterior current flow in the brain yielded a higher motor threshold, a less steep MEP input/output curve and a longer latency than all other TMS types.

TL;DR: An automated system to remove artifacts from ictal scalp EEG using independent component analysis (ICA) successfully rejected a good proportion of artifactual components extracted by ICA, while preserving almost all EEG components.

TL;DR: This work outlines the major parallel pathways of the visual system from the retina to the primary visual cortex and higher visual areas via lateral geniculate nucleus that receive visual input and proposes an algorithm of sequential steps to evaluate the various levels of visual processing.

TL;DR: The differential patterns of slowing of resting state brain activity in demented and non-demented PD patients suggests that, in conjunction with a progression of the pathological changes already present in non-Demented patients, additional mechanisms are involved in the development of dementia in PD.

TL;DR: The use of an optimized differential reference could allow cortical evoked potentials to be used in routine clinical assessment of auditory pathway development in children and adults fit with cochlear implants.

TL;DR: Data on behavioral correlates of theta rhythm in early life may improve the understanding of cognitive and mental processes in healthy and neuropsychiatrically diseased children.

TL;DR: An endurance-strength exercise regime for the cervical flexor muscles is effective in reducing myoelectric manifestations of superficial cervicalflexor muscle fatigue as well as increasing cervical flexion strength in a group of patients with chronic non-severe neck pain.