Showing papers in "Clinical Nutrition in 2004"

TL;DR: The use of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is widespread both in healthy subjects and patients, but suffers from a lack of standardized method and quality control procedures.

TL;DR: Clinical use of BIA in subjects at extremes of BMI ranges or with abnormal hydration cannot be recommended for routine assessment of patients until further validation has proven for BIA algorithm to be accurate in such conditions.

TL;DR: Prevention of the metabolic syndrome has to be targeted by reducing the energy density of the habitual diet and improving insulin sensitivity and associated metabolic abnormalities through a reduction of dietary saturated fat, partially replaced, when appropriate, by monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats.

TL;DR: It is suggested that pomegranate juice consumption by patients with CAS decreases carotid IMT and systolic blood pressure and these effects could be related to the potent antioxidant characteristics of PJ polyphenols.

TL;DR: The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the metabolic alterations occurring in insulin resistance as well as to review the biological roles of adiponectin, particularly in the regulation of fatty acid oxidation and insulin action.

TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can limit tumour cell proliferation, increase apoptotic potential along the crypt axis, promote cell differentiation and possibly limit angiogenesis.

TL;DR: While malnutrition is a major problem in pediatric intensive care units, most children have good long-term outcome in terms of nutritional status after discharge.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that an ultrasound technique devised to identify muscle wasting in the presence of severe fluid retention works in the majority (48/50) of patients when applied to a wider ICU population.

TL;DR: The administration of synbiotic in critically ill patients favourably altered the microbial composition of the upper gastrointestinal tract but had no effect on intestinal permeability and was not associated with measurable clinical benefit.

TL;DR: Lettuce consumption increases the total cholesterol end-products excretion and improves antioxidant status due to the richness in antioxidants (vitamins C, E and carotenoids).

TL;DR: Weight stabilisation over an 8 week period in weight-losing patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer was associated with improved survival duration and QoL.

TL;DR: A high prevalence of malnutrition was found in patients admitted to a university-affiliated hospital in Spain using anthropometry measurements and the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) technique and no significant differences were observed with the non-elective readmission rate.

TL;DR: Oleic acid may offer an immunological less harmful alternative to linoleic acid for parenteral and enteral diets preparation and the mechanism of cell death induced by these fatty acids seem to involve with mitochondrial depolarization, lipid accumulation and the levels of C-MYC and P53 mRNA expression.

TL;DR: Cumulative energy and protein deficits were associated with declines in SD-scores for weight and arm circumference and these deficits are related to decreases in anthropometric parameters.

TL;DR: In a retrospective evaluation, perioperative provision of parenteral fish oil beneficially influences patient outcome probably by modulating the immune response.

TL;DR: It would appear that both naringin and lovastatin contributed to hypocholesterolemic action via down-regulated ACAT activity and higher excretion of fecal sterols in response to high-cholesterol feeding.

TL;DR: A NST based on four nutritional parameters recommended by the British Association for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition was valid and reliable in identifying medical patients at risk of malnutrition and was quick and simple to use.

TL;DR: The aim of this review is to provide an overview of oxidative stress, its mechanisms, targets and damage incurred, as pertaining specifically to clinical disorders during childhood, and the possible effect of nutritional intake on oxidative stress in the healthy child discussed.

TL;DR: In already malnourished elderly subjects, it may be too late to expect to improve function or quality of life or to reduce health-care costs simply by providing nutritional supplements after hospitalisation.

TL;DR: Simple environmental manipulations, such as contrast enhancement, can significantly increase food and liquid intake in frail demented patients with AD.

TL;DR: It is suggested for the first time that regular consumption of virgin argan oil induces a lowering of LDL cholesterol and has antioxidant properties and offers an additional natural food to reducing cardiovascular risk.

TL;DR: L-alanyl-L-glutamine-supplemented TPN improved the infectious morbidity of patients with secondary peritonitis and Gln supplementation to parenteral nutrition may be an alternative for enhancing host defenses and improving infectious morbidities.

TL;DR: While insulin resistance in the first day after surgery has previously been characterised by reduced glucose disposal, enhanced endogenous glucose release was the main component of postoperative insulin resistance on the third postoperative day.

TL;DR: Patients with ulcerative colitis believe that many foods are harmful or helpful to their disease activity, but commonly held beliefs do not modify the risk of relapse, but do adversely affect nutrient intake.

TL;DR: Protein-rich liquid supplementation in combination with nandrolone given for 6 months to lean elderly women after a femoral neck fracture may positively affect LBM, ADL and HRQoL.

TL;DR: Dietary VOO proved to be helpful in reducing the systolic pressure of treated HT elderly subjects, however, a greater resistance to the lowering effect of VOO of total and LDL-cholesterol and a greater susceptibility to TG oxidation was detected in these patients.

TL;DR: BMI < 20 has a high sensitivity in the diagnosis of severe malnutrition in elderly and cancer patients but not in cirrhotic patients with tense ascites, cardiovascular and neurological patients.

TL;DR: Guar gum-enriched enteral nutrition was related to a decrease of diarrheal episodes in ICU patients with preexisting diarrhea; and to a trend for lower plasma glucose and cholesterol levels.

TL;DR: In cardiac surgery patients a low BMI increased the relative hazard for death and low S-albumin increased the risk for infection, and it is suggested that these parameters provide useful information in the preoperative evaluation.

TL;DR: A moderate intake of sc-FOS has no major effects on lipid metabolism, both in the fasting and in the postprandial period, in individuals with mild hypercholesterolaemia.