Clinics in Chest Medicine 

TL;DR: Modifiable risk factors, including tobacco smoking, occupational carcinogens, diet, and ionizing radiation are focused on, which can provide additional foundation for disease prevention.

TL;DR: Improvement in the incidence of venous thromboembolism will require better recognition of persons at risk, improved estimates of the magnitude of risk, the avoidance of risk exposure when possible, more widespread use of safe and effective prophylaxis when risk is unavoidable, and targeting of proPHylaxis to those persons who will benefit most.

TL;DR: The natural history of pulmonary embolism as it relates to the appropriateness of several alternative therapeutic strategies is reviewed.

TL;DR: Disease prevention is focused on smoking avoidance and cessation, and future work should focus on smoking cessation campaigns and better understanding disease development and treatment strategies in nonsmokers.

TL;DR: Current concepts in pathologic classification of lung cancer based on 1999 World Health Organization (WHO) and IASLC classification including squamous dysplasia/carcinoma in situ, atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cellhyperplasia are reviewed.