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Showing papers in "Cognitive Psychology in 1972"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the subjective probability of an event, or a sample, is determined by the degree to which it is similar in essential characteristics to its parent population and reflects the salient features of the process by which it was generated.

4,231 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, four experiments were reported which attempt to determine how people make classifications when categories are defined by sets of exemplars and not by logical rules, and the predominant strategy was to abstract a prototype representing each category and to compare the distance of novel patterns to each prototype, emphasizing those features which best discriminated the two categories.

992 citations



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This theory was tested in four experiments in which S s were timed as they judged whether a sentence was true or false of a picture and it was shown that this theory is consistent with previous studies on sentence comprehension, sentence verification, concept verification, and other related phenomena.

951 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper investigated the adequacy of an interpretive linguistic approach to the description of the knowledge communicated by sentences by asking whether sentence retention was primarily a function of memory for the semantically interpreted deep structural relations underlying the input sentences or a function for the overall semantic situations that such sentences described.

791 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results of three experiments on the partial report of material presented auditorily over three spatially different channels are compatible with a store which has a useful life of around two seconds and from which material may be retrieved more easily by spatial location than by semantic category.

322 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors investigated the extent to which recognition memory for pictures can be predicted by eye-movement patterns on the picture at the time of study, and found that higher-valued pictures both received more fixations and were remembered better than low-valued ones.

301 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Retention of color images in short-term memory appears to be unaffected by wide cultural differences in the semantic reference of color words, as well as under the memory condition than under the naming condition.

291 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The spatiotemporal characteristics of mechanisms that extract information from complex alphanumeric displays were investigated in a series of experiments using search and same-different detection tasks, finding that a model in which individual elements are examined by independent parallel channels was appropriate.

290 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the Ss tried to decide whether two arrows, each marked on an edge of a (different) square, would or would not meet if the squares were folded back up into the cube.

287 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article examined syllabic and morphological determinants of synonymic intrusions such as BEHORTMENT, an inadvertent combination of BEHAVIOR and DEPORTMENT.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors found that children from 11 to 36 months of age play with seriated nesting cups, and that three action strategies seem formally homologous to certain grammatical constructions, and the manipulative strategies are acquired in the same developmental order as the corresponding grammatical structures.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of bizarreness and interaction of mental images upon learning was investigated. But the results showed that the two variables are either confounded or not effectively manipulated.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It was inferred that a passive sentence can be comprehended directly in the logical object-verb-logical subject word order without recovering its active sentence equivalent base structure.

Journal ArticleDOI
R.T. Ollman1, M.J. Billington1
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that the conditions for this interpretation are based on the assumption that S cannot readily depart from a pre-established plan as to whether an anticipation or a detection response shall be made on an upcoming trial, and that S is able to plan an anticipation response for a certain time and yet depart from that plan whenever a shorter reaction time would then result, viz when the foreperiod is short.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Two sets of results suggest that inhibition of the ipsilateral signal in the perception of dichotically presented speech occurs during phonetic analysis.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors found that simple, novel figures seen only once establish relatively enduring memories, whereas complex figures do not seem to establish adequate traces at all, at least in the sense of being cognitively apprehended.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated tachistoscopic report performance with and without simultaneous retention of other auditorily presented symbols and found that visual symbolic information can be retained without recoding the visual display symbols into implicit speech.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper demonstrated the independence of the psychological subject-predicate (topic-comment) distinction from the notions of grammatical and logical subject and predicate and showed that the psychological subjects cannot be equated with the logical subjects and predicate.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The question of subject-controlled operations for entry and search of memory is examined in models that assume serial memory search, including self-terminating search models for categorized lists, a directed entry and a random entry model.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A mathematical analysis of hierarchical organizations suggests that the most efficient hierarchy for variable order searches has either 4 or 3 items per chunk.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a self-paced interpolated task was used so that differences in covert rehearsal could be inferred from backward counting rates under the various motivational conditions (remember and rehearse, remember without rehearsing, or forget).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors found that when forced to choose between the truth of a generality (All A's are B's) and that of a particular fact (This Y is a Z), subjects consistently rejected the fact in favor of the generality Affirmative generalities were accepted more often than negative ones, and those expressing class-inclusion and property-assignment.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper examined the performance of two groups, discrepant in verbal ability, on three tasks designed to assess formal operational reasoning, and found that the level of cognitive development attained by the child is not dependent on a concurrent language development.